Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Geological Study and Oil Possibilities of The Bucu-Kilbas (Adana) Region

Abstract: The surveyed area is situated about 30 km, north of Adana ,and to the east of the Seyhan River the highest elevations being 375-400 m. Thereare Tertiary ,and Quaternary formations in this area. The Tertiary has been distinguished as the Miocene ,and Pliocene deposits.The Miocene begins with marlsj grey in color, which correspond to Foley`s«Upper Shales». These grey marls are dense, locally conchoidal, sometimes foliated, sometimes with small joints, ,and sometimes with thin sandstone layers; theyare of the Upper Helvetian / Tortonian age. Their thickness is 1500 m. (togetherwith those lying outside of our area).These marls are overlain conformably by cross-bedded somewhat concretionary sandstones, bearing abundant micro-fossils, ,and partly corresponding toFoley`s «Upper Sandstone» beds. The pink and red sandstones of the upper layersof these sandstones resemble very much the transition beds in the other parts ofthe Adana region. The total thickness of the cross-bedded ,and concretionary sandstone formation is 1500-1700 m. The age of the series is Tortonian ,and even, partly,Upper Tortonian.The yellow-colored, marly sandstone ,and blue marl series overlies thisformation with a slight unconformity. The average thickness of this series is 1130m. However, thicknesses ranging between 750 m. ,and 1700 m. have been also observed. This formation abounds in micro-fossils as well as in macro-fossils, ,andaccording to these fossils its age is Sarmatian-Pontian.Over this Miocene series lie -with an angular unconformity- lacustrinelimestones / conglomerates ,and sandstones of the Pliocene age.In our area there are also Quaternary terrace deposits, caliches, old ,and newalluvium. Two minor volcanic activities took place here: one during the Tortonian ,and the second at the end of it.The Helvetian ,and Tortonian seas being in constant movement ,and were favorable for abundant organisms. The depth of these seas varied from time to time.Originally they were locally brackish, later on they turned to be fresh-water ,andcontinental.The following formations have been deposited (chronologically) in the Miocene seas: 1. grey marls, 2. cross-bedded, somewhat concretionary sandstones, 3.yellow-colored, marly sandstones ,and blue marls.From the study of the deposits in the Miocene sea, we gather that the sea wasin oscillation ,and had undercurrents. The Helvetian-Tortonian strata were folded together (Styrian phase). Thereafter the Alpine orogeny folded also the Sarmatian-Pontian strata (Rhodanianphase). The Pliocene strata were also folded (Valaque folding phase). During thisfolding period the following anticlines were formed:1. The Tülüler anticline, 2. The Evreşim Uşağı-Turunçlu anticline, 3. The Mustafalı anticline, 4. The Kızılkaş-Karga Kekeç anticline.These anticlines are 2.5x3,5 km. / 1.5x10 km. in amplitude. Their dip is 3°to 8° ,and sometimes 10°-20°, ,and their strike is NE-SW, WWN-EES / E-W. Thefolding pressure came from NNW.The anticlines appear to have formed a unilateral free virgation. There are nolarge faults in the area; only a few faults ranging from 1 to 1.5 km. at most, areencountered ,and their displacements / heaves are not important.The cross-bedded, partially concretionary strata may be oil reservoirs ,and themarly parts may be bedrocks. There are some anticlines in this formation / in theSarmatian-Pontian marls which may be cap-rocks.In conclusion it may be said that the oil seepages have been observed in theHelvetian marl intercalated sandstone formation, located at Topallı, north of thesurveyed area, ,and that there are some oil possibilities in this area.