Abstract: In this study, the Kultak palynoflora of the Muğla–Milas–Ören (Kultak) region, which is characterizedby Ulmus, Pinus (haploxylon–type), Picea–Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Castaneae, Cyrillaceae, Oleaceae,Poaceae, Carya, Engelhardia, Taxodiaceae, Quercus, Salix, and Myricaceae taxa, are firstly definedand this palynoflora is seen to correspond with the MN5–6 boundary. The Kultak palynolfora iscompared with previously defined palynofloras of Turkey (Ankara–Çayırhan, Balıkesir–Bigadiç; Gönen,Samsun–Havza, Çanakkale–Çan, Çanakkale–Etili and Aydın–Başçayır; Kuloğulları) and Greece(Kolivata, Evia ve Spanokhorion). Numerical climatic parameters (the mean annual temperature“MAT”, the mean annual coldest month “CMT”, the mean annual warmest month “WMT”, and themean annual range of temperature “MART”) for all late Burdigalian–Langhian palynofloras of bothcountries are obtained using the “Coexistence Approach” analaysis method. The effects of the MiddleMiocene climatic optimum period on Turkey and Greece, which is recorded in the late Burdigalian–Langihan time interval in Europe, are discussed. This warm climatic period generally caused anincrease in the CMT values. Influences of the palaeoclimatic and palaeotopographic changes on thepalaeovegetation are interpreted, and especially their influences on termophilous plants (i.e.Schizaceae, Engelhardia, Sapotaceae and Cyrillaceae) grown in the palaeoflora of Europe and Turkey.Palaeovegetational differences during the Miocene time could be related to the palaeotopographicchanges involved in the palaeogeography and palaeoclimatic changing which is observed on a globalscale, based on the data obtained in the Milas-Kultak area.