Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Features and Interpretations of the Different Types of Skarn Formations of the Akdağmadeni Mining District Yozgat

Abstract: Skarn rocks of the Akdağmadeni mining district are located on and around adamellite type graniticrock-regional metamorphic rocks contact. Skarn formations occur both within the granitic rock (endoskarns) and themetamorphic rocks (exoskarns).The character of the skarn alteration within the marginal zones of adamellite is closely related to the compositionsof the country rocks which are in contact with the adamellite. Endoskarns in contact with dolomitic marble have themineral assemblage of magnetite-pyroxene-phlogopite-and the usual silicates of adamellite. Alteration in the marginalzones of the magmatic rock, in contact with calcitic marble manifests itself as saussuritization, sericitization of feldspars and the presence of phlogopite.Exoskarns mainly developed within the carbonate rocks of the metamorphic rocks and show different features depending upon the composition of the parent rock. Field, petrographic, mineralogic and geochemical data indicate thatthe skarn alteration took place in different stages. In ca-.citic skarns four stages of alteration are identified; 1) M-ig*netit-garnet-pyroxene stage, 2) Epidote-amphibole stage, 3) Epidote-chlorite stage and 4) Kaolinite - muscovite-stageApparently conditions of these four stages overlapped, however mineral assemblages of each stage are still distinguishable and characteristic. It is understood from petrologic, geochemical and petrographic data that skarnizuigsolutions were iron-rich and gradually became aluminum rich and less hot in time and distance from contact. Activity of O2 was low and became lower probably due to temperature gradient. Activity of CO2 on the other hand wasmoderate and consequently neither wollastonite nor siderite and graphite formed. Mineral assemblages indicate thacthe formation temperatures for the alteration stages were; 600°C, 450-500°C, 400°C and 300°C respectively. The lowaO2 and moderate aCO2 despite such high temperatures and O2 and CO2 producing reactions, can only be exlained bythe escape of CO2 and O2 from the environment. Two step alterations occur in dolomitic marble which correspond tothe first three stages of the calcic skarns; 1) Spinel-forsterite-pyroxene-magnetite-phlogopite stage and 2) Serpentinealteration stage.