Abstract: Large continental ice-sheets in the Northern Hemisphere have grown and retreated many times throughoutthe Quaternary. Times with and without large continental ice-sheets are known as glacial and interglacial periods,respectively. Strong climatic fluctuations accompanying glacial-interglacial cycles forced species to either move tolocations that remain suitable, adapt to changing environmental conditions, or go extinct. Range shifts are the mostconspicuous and best documented responses of species to these climatic fluctuations. To understand how specieshave responded to global climate changes through the Late Quaternary glacial-interglacial cycles, ecologicalniche modelling, together with molecular phylogeography, has been widely used in recent biogeographic studies.Ecological niche modelling, together with molecular phylogeography, will extend the Quaternary dynamics andevolutionary history of species living in Anatolia and therefore the understanding of the biogeography of Anatolia.In this article, a few examples regarding bird and mammal species were given to illustrate the above-mentionedcontents, and the future perspectives were discussed.