A Carlin Type Gold Occurence in the Pontide Island Arc: the Kaletaş Gold Occurence (Gümüşhane, NE-Turkey)
Abstract: The Kaletaş disseminated gold occurrence, hosted by thin-bedded, silty to sandy limestones, consists of siliceous lenses developed along permeable zones such as fault, fiacture and bedding planes. These were initially major inflow zones for hydr other mal fluids. Silicification occurs as replacement bodies and tiny veinlets. Gold is enriched in silicified limestones, especcially along zones ofextensive carbonate removal. Carbonate dissolution and silicification are two separate processes, both of which are resulted fromdifferent hydrothermal solutions. Carbonate removal is intensified along highly permeable zones. Argillic alteration characterizedby dominance ofillite is formed subsequent to mineralization. Oxidation of ore minerals and altered rocks are resulted in the formation of alunite, natrojarosite, kaolinite, limonite and native sulfur which eventually fill the pores of dissolved limestones. Realgarand orpiment postdate gold mineralization and are related to late-stage quartz veining. The gold deposition in the area of interest ismainly a factor of adsorption of gold on organic matter in silicified zones. Temperature decrease or mixing of gold-bearing hydrothermal fluid with meteoric fluid may also be an effective mechanism in gold precipitation. The Kaletaş gold occurrence is similar toCarlin-type deposits in carbonate hostrocks, alteration, geochemical signature and ore mineralogy, but is different in tectonic setting, being located in an island arc environment rather than a continental setting in which the Carlin gold deposits occur.