Abstract: The silicified wood samples that we identified in Western Anatolia are located in: the Late MiocenePliocene Çokköy Formation in Tavşanlı (Kütahya) and its surroundings, in Osmancalı (Manisa) and its vicinity inthe Early (?)-Middle Miocene Foça Tuff, and in Banaz (Uşak) around the Middle-Late Miocene Yeniköy Formationin the terrestrial sediments. The formation of wood petrified by silicification is associated with clastic sedimentsformed simultaneously with the Neogene period volcanic activity in the region. In the mineralogical-petrographicexamination of three oriented thin sections, including transverse, radial and tangential, chalcedony polymorphs ofsilica and lesseramounts of quartz and opal were detected in the silicified wood samples. Mineralogical interpretation was also supported by X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) analysis. As a result of paleobotanical identification made withthin sections in the a botanical microscope; Taxodioxylon Hartig 1848 (Swamp cypress), Pinuxylon Gothan 1906(Pine), Pterocaroxylon Müll.-Stoll et Mädel 1960 (Walnut), Quercoxylon (Kräusel 1939) Gros 1988 (evergreen oak),and Glyptostroboxylon Conwentz 1884 (Swamp cypress) fossil wood species were determined. According to thesefindings, a warmer and more humid climate prevailed than today, and there were cypress forests on the edges ofswamps and streams, with pine and evergreen oak forests on the slopes. Within the scope of gemological examinationof the silicified wood samples, those which are rich in color/pattern were selected, polished by giving them cabochonforms, then mounted in silver. A small amount of facet cutting was carried out from unpatterned and monochromaticsamples. The silicified wood samples, which have high value in terms of hardness, exhibit an unstable character dueto the weak zones they contain, and they do not show the desired performance in terms of pattern/color.