Geological-Geomorphological Characteristics and Geotourism Potential of Çal Canyon and Its Surroundings (Denizli, SW Anatolia)
Abstract: The Çal Canyon, one of the geological values of Denizli province, is located in the upper course of theBüyük Menderes River near the town of Çal. The oldest rock units around the canyon are schists and marbles ofthe Menderes Massif. The metamorphic units overlie the carbonate (limestone, dolomitic limestone) and ophioliticrocks of the Lycian nappes with a tectonic contact. These basement units were unconformably covered by the upperMiocene to Pliocene continental succession, which is composed of fluvial, lacustrine and alluvial deposits. The canyon, which is 65 km northeast of the provincial capital of Denizli, is 4 km away from the town of Çal.The depth of the canyon, which developed in the marble of the NE-SW trending Menderes Massif, is 60 meters. Thealtitudes of the entrance and exit points of the canyon are 760 m and 700 m, respectively; consequently, there is adifference of 60 m. The high slopes of the canyon are close to 90° at some points. The canyon, which started to format the end of the Pliocene, continued its development in the Quaternary. Its length is 3 km, in a N-S direction. Theridge where the canyon developed has a threshold between the Çivril-Baklan graben to the east and the Çal basin tothe west. The canyon also creates a hydraulic connection between these two depressions.On the cascading and irregular canyon floor, waterfalls a few meters high, along with potholes, have developed.In the study area, the canyon stands out as a geological value. However, apart from the canyon, there are alsohistorical and cultural values. To the south are the ruins of the ancient city of Lounda at the entrance of the canyon.On the other hand, there is the historical Hançalar Bridge and Kayı Bazaar to the north. As an intangible culturalvalue, a "sheep passing" festival is held in the waters of the Büyük Menderes River every year in the village ofAşağıseyit near Çal in the last week of August. The canyon area, which is easy to access and close to varioussettlements, is quite suitable for geotourism activities with its geological diversity and landscape features.The aim of this study was to investigate the geological-geomorphological features of the Çal Canyon and itssurroundings from a cultural-geological perspective as well as to reveal the extensive geotourism potential.