Abstract: The aim of this study is to compare the gemstone products (gemstones and gemstone jewelry) used by the Carian Civilization, which continued its reign from 1100 BC to 545 BC, with the gemstones obtained from the Carianregion and to investigate the archaeological and comprehensive reason for the use of jewelry. In order to investigate which present-day gemstone types in the Carian region were used in ancient times, the gemstones on various piecesof jewelry in the Milas Archaeology Museum and the Bodrum Underwater Archaeology Museum, where  artifact sexcavated from the Carian region are preserved, were examined for the first time not only from an artistic perspective but also from archaeological and scientific perspectives, and they were systematically inventoried. Among the gemstones found in the Bodrum Underwater Archaeology Museum and the Milas Archaeology Museum, which arethought to have been obtained from the Muğla region, only ancient products made of smoky quartz were found. Inaddition, sardonyx, likely brought from the Lydian region via trade routes, as well as gemstones thought to have originated from the Indian and Yemeni regions, and glass and ceramic materials used as gemstones were also identified.