Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Fluid Inclusion, Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Studies of the Çakmakkaya and Damarköy (Murgul - Artvin) Copper Deposits and their Significances on the Genesis of these Deposits,

Abstract: Çakmakkaya and Damarköy copper deposits in Murgul (Artvin) area are the typical examples of Kuroko^type volcanogenic sulfide deposits thatwidely occur in the Eastern Pontide region of Turkey.Çakmakkaya and Damarköy deposits are occured in volcanic rocks in an upward sequence consist of andezitle lava, hrecciated dacite tuff, cov~ering tuff and porphry dacite. Stockwork ores are dominant in the deposits and are hosted by brecciated dacite tuff unit. A thin stratiform ore zoneand a gypsume lens are occured on the stockwork ore in the Çakmakkaya deposit, while Damarköy deposit contains only stockwork ore.Stockwork ore veinlets contain mainly pyrite and chalcopyrite, with minor amount of sphalerite, galena, tetrahetrite and marcasite. Quartz isthe only gangue mineral. Enrichment of sulfides is largely controlled by microfracturing of the dacitic tuffs. High contents occur especially at theintersections of the fractures.Stratiform ore zone occured within the Çakmakkaya deposit contains ore clasts which indicative of fragmentation and resedimentation of sulfideminerals during or after discharge of hydrothermal fluids onto the sea floor. Ore clasts contain the same minerals similar to that of stockwork ores.Fluid inclusion studies indicate that the ore forming fluids contain NaCl, CaCl2 andMgCl^ their salinities are high during the deposition of theore minerals and decrised toward the later episodes of mineralisation, temperature of the fluids reached up to 254.0 °C, but decreased down to 110.2°C during the later episodes of mineralisation.Oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies indicate that the most of the water in hydrothermal solutions are meteoric origine, however there seem tobe a small amount of sea water mixing and/or interaction.As a conclusion; it may be assumed that meteoric water, circulating through the underlying basement of the volcano-sedimentary rocks, has actedas mineralising fluid, and leached the metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb etc.) and sulfur from the surrounding volcanic rocks and precipitated along the fractures within the brecciated dacitic host rocks and at the surface of the sea floor.