Recent Glaciers and Late Quaternary Glacial Deposits of Turkey
Abstract: Preseni day glaciers and Late Quaternary glacier related landforms and deposits in Turkey occur in 3 majorregions: J. The Taurus Mountain Range, 2. The Politic Mountain Range and 3. Volcanoes and independent mountainsscattered in the A natolian plateau.The Taurus Mountain Range (Mediterranean coast and SE Turkey); Two thirds of the present day glaciers areconcentrated in the SE pan. Among these, Mount Clio (4168 m) alone supports more than ten glaciers. Hem the actual snowline changes between 3400-3600 m and the Last Glacial snowline is estimated to have been at around2800. In the Central part, Aladağ (3756m) and Bolkardağ (3524 m) constitute two of the most important mountainswhere modern glaciers, although very small, are present. Even though there are signs of past glacial activity (LastGlacial snowline is estimated to be around 2200 m), no glaciers are present in the W Taurus Mountains today.The Pontic Mountain Range (Eastern Black Sea coast): The highest peak of the Pontic Range is Mount Koçkar(3932 m,) where five glaciers are developed. Several other mountains such as Verçenik (3710 m)} Bulut (3562 m),Altıparmak (3353 m), Karagöl (3107 m) and Karadağ (3331 m) also support various glaciers. The modern snowlineelevation is much lower on the north facing slopes (3100-3200 m) compared to that of south face (3550 m), becauseof the effect of more humid air masses. The Last Glacial snowline elevation was 2600 m on average.Volcanoes and independent mountains scattered in the Anatolian plateau: In the interior of the country, volcanoessuch as Mount Ararat (Ararat) (5165 m), with an ice cap of 10 km2; Mount Şüphem (4058 m) and Mount Erciyes(3917 m) show signs of glacial activity and active glaciers. On the other hand, Mount Uludağ (2543 m), MountMercan (3368 m) and Mount Mescid (3239 m) in Central A natolia also bear traces of past glacial activity.Asa whole, very limited data are available on Turkish glaciers, and recent observations indicate a glacier recessionat least since the beginning of the 20th century.