Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Facies and Environmental Aspects of the Kuzgun Formation (Upper Miocene) in Adana Basin

Abstract: The outcrops of the Kuzgun formation which is of Tortonian age according to the previousstudies have a northeast to southwest elongation in the investigated area. The Kuzgun formation mainlyconsists of alternating conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone and shallow marine Ostrea horizons. Thethickness of this unit increases from west to east and maximum measured thickness amounts to 450meters. Serial sections for determining the facies distribution of the Kuzgun formation which comprises generally terrestrial and shallow marine elastics were measured from east to west. According tothe measurements the following main facies were determined: The Güvenç formation is overlain byshallow marine elastics which contain Ostrea and low sinuosity meandering river-meandering river deposits in the east (Kebenk sırtı) in order. Meandering river deposits are dominant along the Seyhan rivernear Catalan dam and southerly Deve Tepe area. The Güvenç formation is overlain by meanderingriver deposits and shallow marine elastics around the Kuzgun village in the west. Further west nearKızılyar Tepe the Güvenç formation is overlain by in the order; 1. shallow marine elastics, 1. meanderingriver deposits, 2. shallow marine elastics, 2. meandering river deposits, 3. shallow marine elastics. Atthe northern part of Tarsus and west of E 5 highway (Eskiköy Tepe) the Paleozoic basement is overlainby a thin conglomerate without Serravallian and pre-Serravallian deposits and it continous to the top byshallow marine alternating elastics and detrital carbonates. The Kuzgun formation is overlain conformably by the Salbaş tuff member which is continuous in a regional scale.The Kuzgun formation mainly consists of alluvial and braided river deposits of cyclic-alternating nature and shallow marine deposits. In the terrestrial deposits, conglomerate and pebbly sandstone arefound at the base of each cycle as channel fill deposits. The levee deposits forming from alternatingsandstone and mudstone are located near the main channels. The sub facies of flood plains comprisesfine grained, fairly laminated mudstones which contain abundant calcrite noduls. The shallow marinefacies of the Kuzgun formation mainly consists of sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and several Ostrealevels. The lower boundaries of sets are usually sharp and the upper level of sets have wave ripples,burrows and are bioturbated. The siltstone and mud stone of this succession contain abundant bivalves,gastropods and plant fragments and Ostrea layers.