Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni
Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

1983 AĞUSTOS Cilt 26 Sayı 2
COVER
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CONTENTS
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Tectonic Features of the Kaman Group in Comparison with Those of Its Neighbouring Formations Around Tamadağ (Kaman - Kırşehir)
İhsan Seymen
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  • Kaman

  • block-faulting

  • Plüton

  • Paleocene

  • Akyürek, B., Bilginer, E., Çatal, E-, Dağer, Z., Soysal, Y. ve Sunu, E., 1980, Eldivan - Şabanözü (Çankırı), Hasayaz - Çandır (Kalecik - Ankara) dolayının jeolojisi. M-T.A. Rapor no : 6741 (Yayınlanmamış)

  • Batman, B-, 1978, Haymana kuzeyinin jeolojik evrimi ve yöredeki melanjın incelenmesi I : Stratigrafi birimleri. Yerbilimleri, 4 95 - 124.

  • Cloos, H-, 1929, Zur Mechanik der Randzonen von Gletschern, Schollen und Plutonen. Geol. Rundschau, 20, 66 - 75.

  • Fleuty, M.J., 1964, The description of folds. Geol. Assoc Proc, 75.,461-492.

  • Miyashiro, A., 1973, Metamorphism and Metamorphic Belts. George Allen and Unwin, London, 492 s.

  • Norman, T., 1972, Ankara bölgesinde Üst Kretase - Alt Tersiyer istifinin stratigrafisi. Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., XV.. 172 -180.

  • Oktay, F.Y., 1981, Savcılıbüyükoba (Kaman) Çevresinde Orta Anadolu Masifi Tortul Örtüsünün Jeolojisi ve Sedimentolojisi, Doçentlik Tezi, Î-T-Ü. Maden Fakültesi, İstanbul, 175 s. (Yayınlanmamış).

  • Ramsay, J.G., 1967, Folding and Fracturing of Rocks- McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 568 s

  • Ramsay, J.G. ve Graham, R.H., 1970, Strain variation in shear belts- Canadian J. of Earth ScL, 13 786 - 813-

  • Sanver, M. ve Ponat, E., 1980, Paleomagnetism of the magmatic rocks in Kırşehir and surrounding area- Kandilli Observatory Publ., Istanbul, 11s

  • Seymen, L, 1970, Petrofabric study of a shear zone. M. Sc Thesis, University of London, London, 40 s. (Yayınlanmamış).

  • Seymen, İ-, 1981a, Kaman (Kırşehir) dolayında Kırşehir Masifi`nin stratigrafisi ve metamorfizması. Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült, 24,101 - 108.

  • Seymen, L, 1981b, Kaman (Kırşehir) dolayında Kırşehir Masifi`nin metamorfizması. Türkiye Jeol. Kur. 35. Bilimsel ve Teknik Kurultayı «îç Anadolu`nun Jeolojisi Simpozyumuû, s. 12 -15-

  • Seymen, L, 1982, Kaman Dolayında Kırşehir Masifi`nin Jeolojisi, Doçentlik Tezi, Î.TÜ. Maden Fakültesi, İstanbul, 164 s. (Yayınlanmamış).

  • Sugimura, A. ve Uyeda, S-, 1973, Island Arcs, Japan and Its Environs. Developments in Geotectonics, 3, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 247 s.

  • Turner, FJ . ve Weiss, L.E., 1963, Structural Analysis of Metamorphic Tectonites- McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 545 s.

  • A Structural Approach to the Basement-Cover Relationship of Menderes Group rocks (Selimiye-Muğla).
    Ali Öztürk Ali Koçyiğit
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    Abstract: Menderes Group is characterized by two main lithologie units, one of which is basement rocks consisting of migmatite and augen gneisses, and the other is cover rocks composed of alternation of finegrained gneisswith tourmaline, micasehist with garnet, marble, quartzite, epidote - ehloritoid schist and calcschist. The evaluation ofthe different orientation (NE-SW in basement, NW-SE in cover) of the main tectonic elements, such as foliation, joints, veins, fold axes, linearity of various minerals and quartzo-feldspatic augens and boudinage developed in bothbasement and cover rocks, together with the other field and laboratory evidences indicates that the relationshipbetween the basement and the cover is an angular unconformity. In addition contrary to the former ideas, these different tectonic patterns in both basement and cover rocks indicate that the general structural shape of MenderesGroup is not a dome. The concentration of quartz veins, which are the post - anatexitic features in migmatization,in both basement and the lower part of cover rocks implies that the migmatization has mostly occurred during anearly Alpine orogenic phase, after the deposition of the cover rocks. 

  • gneisses

  • Muğla

  • schist

  • dome

  • Abdüsselamoğlu, Ş-, 1965, Muğla - Yatağan çevresinde görülen jeoloji formasyonlarının korelasyonu hakkında rapor : M-T-A. Rap., No. 3497, yayımlanmamış.

  • Akartuna, M., 1965, Aydın - Nazilli hattı kuzeyindeki versanlarm jeolojik etüdü : M.T.A. Dergisi, 65, 1-10.

  • Akdeniz, N. ve Konak, N., 1979, Menderes Masifinin Simav dolayındaki kayabirimleri ve metabazik, metaultramatik kayaların konumu : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült, 22, 175 -178.

  • Akkök, R., 1981, Menderes masifinin gnayslarında ve şistlerinde metamorfizma koşulları, Alaşehir - Manisa : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 24,11 - 20.

  • Arpat, E. ve Bingöl, E., 1969, Ege bölgesi graben sisteminin gelişimi üzerine düşünceler : M.T.A. Dergisi, 73, 1-9.

  • Başarır, E-, 1970, Bafa Gölü doğusunda kalan Menderes Masifi güney kanadının jeoloji ve petrolojisi : Ege Üniv. Fen Fakültesi Jeoloji Kürsüsü ilmi rapor servisi, No. 102, yayımlanmamış.

  • Brinkmann, R., 1966, Geotektonische Gliederung von West Anatolien : M.T.A. Dergisi, 66, 61 - 74.

  • Çağlayan, M-A-, Öztürk, E.M., Öztürk, Z., Sav, H. ve Akat, İL, 1980, Menderes Masifi güneyine ait bulgular ve yapısal yorum : Jeoloji Mühendisliği, 10, 9-17.

  • Dora; O.Ö., 1975, Menderes Masifinde alkali feldispatlarm yapısal durumları ve bunların petrojenetik yorumlarla kullanılması : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 18, 111-126.

  • Dora, O Ö., 1981, Menderes Masifinde petroloji ve feldispat incelemeleri : Yerbilimleri, Hacettepe Univ., 7, 54- 63-

  • Dürr, St., 1975, Über Alter und geotektonische Stellung des Menderes - Kristallins/SW - Anatolien und seine Aequivalente in der mittleren Aegaeis. Habilitations - Schrift, Marburg/Lahn, 107.

  • Egeran, N. ve Yener, H., 1944, Notes explicatives de la carte geoloque de la Turque Feulle «Izmir» Pub. tnst. M.T.A

  • Evirgen, M-, 1979, Menderes Masifi kuzey kesiminde (Ödemiş-Bayındır-Turgutlu) gelişen metamorfizma ve bazı ender parajenezler : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 22, 109-116.

  • Flügel, N. ve Metz, K., 1954, Bodrum - Muğla yöresinde yapılan jeolojik harita hakkında rapor : M-T.A. Rap. No. 2789, yayımlanmamış.

  • Graciansky, P. Ch. de-, 1965, Menderes Masifi güney kıyısı boyunca görülen metamorfizma hakkında açıklamalar : M.T.A. Dergisi, 64, 9 - 23.

  • Graciansky, P- Ch. de., 1968, Likya Toroslarınm üst üste gelmiş ünitelerinin stratigrafisi ve Dinaro - Toroslar`- daki yeri : M-T.A. Dergisi, 71, 73 - 92.

  • Hamilton, W.S. ve Strickland, H.E., 1840, on the geology of the Western part of Asia Minor : Trans. Geol. Soc London, V - VI. Sec. Series, 1 - 39.

  • Izdar, K.E., 1971, Introduction to geology and metamorphism of the Menderes Massif of Western Turkey; de : Petroleum Expl. Soc. of Libya, Tripoli, 495- 500.

  • Kaaden, G. ve Metz, K., 1954, Datça - Muğla - Dalaman çayı arasındaki bölgenin jeolojisi : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 5/1-2, 71 -170-

  • Ketin, I-, 1966, Anadolu`nun tektonik birlikleri : MT.ADergisi, 66, 20 - 34.

  • Koçyiğit, A., 1981, İsparta Büklümünde (Batı Toroslar) Toros Karbonat platformunun evrimi : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült, 24, 15 - 23.

  • Koçyiğit, A-, 1983, Hoyran Gölü yöresinin tektonik özellikleri : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 26,1 -10

  • Nebert, K. ve Ronner, F., 1956, Menderes Masifi içinde ve çevresinde Alpidik albitizasyon olayları : M.T.A. Dergisi, 48, 83 - 96.

  • Onay, T.S-, 1949, Über die smirgelgesteine Subwest - Anatoliens : Schweiz Üniv. Pet. Unitt, 29, 359-491.

  • Öztürk, A. ve Koçyiğit, A-, 1976, Selimiye - Beşparmak bölgesi metamorfitlerinin tektoniği : Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknik Araştırma Kurumu, Matematik Fiziki ve Biyolojik Bilimler Araştırma Grubu, Proje No. TBAG -137, yayımlanmamış

  • Öztürk, A. ve Koçyiğit, A., 1982, Selimiye - Beşparmak yöresindeki (Muğla) Menderes Masifi kayalarının stratigrafisi : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 25, 67 - 72-

  • Schuiling, R.D., 1958, Menderes Masifi`ne ait bir gözlü gnays üzerinde zirkon etüdü : M-T.A. Dergisi, 51, 38-41.

  • Schuiling, R.D., 1962, Türkiye`nin güneybatısındaki Menderes migmatit kompleksinin petrolojisi, yaşı ve yapısı hakkında : MT.A. Dergisi, 58, 71 -84-

  • Tchihatcheff, P- de., 1869, Asie Mineure (description physique Quatrieme partie geologie) III, Paris, 552 s.

  • Tokay, M. ve Erentöz, C, 1959, Türkiye`de muhtemel uranyum ve toryum bölgeleri : M.T.A. Dergisi, 52, 76-93.

  • Wippern, J., 1964, Menderes Masifi`nin alpidik dağ teşekkülü içindeki durumu : M.T.A. Dergisi, 62, 71 - 79

  • Zeschke, G., 1954, Simav grabeni ve taşları : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., V/l-2, 179 -198.

  • Carbonate Bearing Zinc-Lead Deposits of the Aladağ (Yahyalı - Çamardı) Region.
    Ahmet Ayhan
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    Abstract: The Aladağ region mainly consists of the thrusted allochtonous sequences of Yahyalı, Siyah Aladağ,Çataloturan, Küçüksu, Minaretepeler, Üstkuşak and Beyaz Aladağ and includes ophiolitic melange, Tertiary sedimentsand moraines. The first eight sequences were deposited during the period from Devonian to Lower Cretaceous. Thesequences of Yahyalı, Siyah Aladağ, Küçüksu, Minaretepe and ophiolitic melange are mineralized. Besides the stockwork - type Aladağ - Delikkaya mine, all of the zinc - lead carbonates were deposited along tectonic fractures trendingN - S and NE - SW.The orebodies, which were formed through several stages, are probably hydrothermal in origin. Primary originand the formation of ore minerals represented by sulphide mineral parageneses can be explained by two models.According to the first one the ores were emplaced by either lateral segregation processes- hydrothermal solutionsin the above five sequences during Middle - Upper Creta ceous before the thrusting- According to the second modelthe ores are related to the Paleocene - Lower Eocene Yahyalı granitoids- The ophiolitic melange belts lying underthe thrusted sequences did not allow the migration the ore solutions upward in the upper thrusted sequences. Geological data have shown that the second model is more acceptable for the study area.Ore bodies in the Aladağ region were deposited simultaneously with those in the Bolkardağ region which arerelated to the Horoz granitoids- These two districts were separated by the Ecemiş sinistral fault in their presentposition.The sulphide ores are affected by multikarstification during Middle and Upper Tertiary through several phases of uplift and subsidence of the region.

  • zinc - lead deposits

  • ophiolit

  • Ecemiş fault

  • Aladağ

  • Abdüsselamoğlu, S., 1958, Yukarı Seyhan bölgesinde Doğu Toroslarm jeolojik etüdü : MTA Derleme, 2688, 3B s., yayınlanmamış.

  • Aksay, A., 1980, Toroslar`da fasiyes yönünden farklı bir Alt Karbonifer istifi : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült. 23, 1, 193 - 199.

  • Bernard, A. J., 1976, Metallogenic processes of Intra - karstic sedimentation; Amstutz, GC. ve Bernard, A.J., ed., Ores in sediments`de : Springer, Berlin - Heidelberg New York, 43-57.

  • Blumenthal, M.M., 1952, Das taurische Hochgebirge des Aladağ; neuere Forschungen zur seiner Geographie, Stratigraphie und Tektonik : MTA yayınları, seri D, 6, 136 s.

  • Bögli, V.A., 1978, Karsthydrographie und physische Spelaeologie ; Springer, Heidelberg - Berlin - New York, 292 s.

  • Çalapkulu, F., 1980, Horoz Granodiyoritinin jeolojik incelemesi : Türkiye Jeol. Kur- Bült, 23,1, 59 - 68.

  • Cvijic, J., 1918, Hydrographie souterraine et evolution morphologigue du karst : Grenoble, Revue. Trav, Inst. Geogr. Alpin, 6,4, 56 s.

  • Garrels, R.M., 1953, Mineral species as functions of pH and oxidation - reduction potentials, with special reference to the zone of and secondary enrichment of sulfide ore deposits : Geochim. Cosmoschim- Acta, 5, 4, 153-158.

  • Gümüş, A., 1964, important lead - zinc deposits in Turkey : Mining Geology and the base metals, CENTO, Ankara.

  • îmreh, L., 1965, Zamanti metal cevherleşmesi bölgesinin kurşun - çinko mineralizasyonları : MTA Dergisi, 65, 85-108.

  • Metag ve Stolberg, 1971, Zamantı kurşun-çinko projesi nihai raporu, Maden sahalarının jeolojisi ve paleontoloji ekleri : DPT Müsteşarlığı Rap-, c. IV, 191 S., yayınlanmamış.

  • Metz, K-, 1956, Beitraege zur Geologie des kilikischen Taurus im Gebiete des Aladağ : Wien, Sitzungsber- Akad. d.VViss.Abt.,c. 1, 148 s.

  • Oygür, V., Yurt, M. Z., Yurt, F-, ve Sarı, t, 1978, Kayseri Yahyalı - Karamadazı ve Kovalı yöresi demir madenleri jeoloji raporu : MTA Rap., 1626, 159 s-, yayınlanmamış.

  • Özgül, N., 1976, Toroslarm bazı temel jeoloji özellikleri : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült. 19,1, 65 - 78

  • Philippson, A-, 1918, Kleinasien : Handbuch d. regional Geologie : Heidelberg, V/2.

  • Şişman, A.N., Şenocak, M.H., Dilek, S., ve Yazgaç, M-, 1981, Bolkardağ yöresinin jeolojisi ve maden yatakları : MTA, M. Etüd Arşiv, 1790, 58 s., yayınlanmamış.

  • Tekeli, O., 1980, Toroslarda Aladağlar`ın yapısal evrimi : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült 23,1,11 -14.

  • Tekeli, O., ve Erler, A., 1980, Aladağ ofiyolit dizisindeki diyabaz dayklarımn kökeni : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült. 23,1/15-20.

  • Tekeli, O., Aksay, A., Evren-Ertan, î., Işık, A-, ve Ürgün, B.M., 1981, Toros ofiyolit projeleri, Aladağ projesi : MTA Derleme, 6976,132 s., yayınlanmamış.

  • Tschihatschef, P., 1869, Asie mineure : Paris, Geologie, 1, 3, 552 s.

  • Vache, R., 1964, Antitoroslar`daki Bakırdağ kurşun-çinko yatakları (Kayseri ili) : MTA Dergisi, 62, 87-98.

  • Van der Kleyn, PH., 1966, Geologic reconnaissance mapping in the Aladağlar : MTA, M. Etüd Arşivi, 689, 17 s., yayınlanmamış.

  • Vohryzka, K-, 1966, Yahyalı (Kayseri) ve Zamantı nehri arasındaki bölgenin jeolojisi ve metalojenezi : MTA Dergisi, 67, 97 - 104.

  • Yetiş, C, 1978, Çamardı (Niğde ili) yakın ve uzak dolayının jeoloji incelemesi ve Ecemiş yanlım kuşağının Ma den Boğazı - Kamışlı arasındaki özellikleri : 1st. Üniv. Fen Fak-, Doktora tezi, 151 s, yayınlanmamış.

  • Zuffardi, P., 1976, Karsts and economic mineral deposits; Wolf, K-H., ed-, Handbook of strata - bound and stratiform ore deposits`de : Elsevier, Amsterdam, c. 3, 175-212.

  • Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks in the Avnik (Bingöl) Region, Bitlis Massif, Turkey.
    Cahit Helvaci
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    Abstract: In the Avnik area of the Bitlis Massif, the oldest rocks of the Lower Unit are a series of basic to felsic calc - alkaline metavolcanic rocks (454 ± 13 Ma), inter bedded with magnetite - apatite ores. These rocks are intruded by the Avnik ,and Yayla granitoids (347 ± 52 Ma) ,and unconformably overlain by an Upper Unit of micaschists ,and Permian marbles. The entire sequence was most recently deformed ,and metamorphosed during the Alpine orogeny. The metavolcanics ,and granitoids are extensively feldspathizcd ,and silicified.Although many of the metavolcanics retain porphyritic, spherulitic / volcaniclastic textures, their K`Na ratioshave been severely altered, to produce albitites ,and K-feldspar rocks. The probable cause of the feldspathization,which also affects the Avnik granitoids ,and the micaschists, is reaction between the rocks and the sea water that pervaded the basement during deposition of the overlying marine sediments. This metasomatic event is dated by a Rb - Srwhole-rock age (91 ± 9 Ma) on the metavolcanics, suggesting that the reactions coincided with the expulsion on theheated fluid phase during the Eoalpine orogenic phase- The rock/water reactions have altered the Rb/Sr ,and K/Rbratios, ,and homogenized Sr isotopes, but REE patterns appear to be undisturbed.REE patterns, combined with major - element chemistry, suggest that there is no genetic relation between thegranitoids ,and the metavolcanics. Metavolcanics may have been derived either by extreme fractional crystallizationof more basic, more plagioclase - rich magmas, / from anatexis of a feldspathic rock where plagioclase was an important part of the anatectic residue. A crustal anatectic origin is suggested for the granitoids, which is consistent withthe available Sr isotope data.

  • micashist

  • marble

  • REE

  • Bitlis

  • Altınlı, İ.E-, 1966, Geology of eastern and south-eastern Anatolia, Part II : Turkey Mineral Research and Explor. Inst- Bull., 67,1 - 22.

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  • Battey, H.M-, 1955, Alkali metasomatism and the petrology of some keratophyres : Geol. Mag-, 92, 104 -126.

  • Boray, A., 1975, The stucture and metamorphism of the Bitlis area : Bull. Geol. Soc. Turkey, 18, 81 - 84.

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  • Erdoğan, B., 1982, Bitlis Masifi`nin Avnik (Bingöl) yöresinde jeolojisi ve yapısal özellikleri : Ege Univ., Yerbilimleri Fak., İzmir, Yayınlanmamış doçentlik tezi, 106 s.

  • Erdoğan, B., Helvacı, C, Dora, O.Ö., 1981, Avnik, Bingöl yöresi apatitli demir yataklarının jeolojisi ve oluşumu, Kesin rapor : Yer Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ege Üniv-, îzmir, 121 s.

  • Genç, S., 1977, Geological evalution of the southern margin of the Bitlis Massif, Lice - Kulp District, SE Turkey : Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. College of Wales, Aberystwyth, 281 s.

  • Gordon, G.E., Randle, K-, Goles, G.G-, Corliss, J-B., Beeson, M.H., Oxley, S.S., 1968, Instrumental activation analysis of standard rocks with high - resolution gamma - ray detectors : Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 32, 369 • 396.

  • Göncüoğlu, M-C, Turhan, N-, 1983, New results on the age of Bitlis metamorphics : Turkey Mineral Research and Explor. Inst. Bull., 95 - 96,1 - 5.

  • Hall, R., 1976, Ophiolite emplacement and the evolution of the Taurus suture zone, southeastern Turkey : Geol Soc. Amer. Bull-, 87,1078 -1088

  • Hall, R., Mason, R-, 1972, A tectonic melange from the Eastern Taurus Mountains, Turkey : Geol. Soc. London Jour., 128, 395 - 398.

  • Helvacı, C, Griffin, W.L- 1983, Rb - sr geochronology of the Bitlis Massif, Avnik (Bingöl) area, S.E. Turkey : Special Publication Geol. Soc. Lond., No. 13, 255-265

  • Ketin, İ., 1966, Tectonic units of Turkey : Turkey Mineral Research and Explor. Inst Bull., 66, 23-34.

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  • Magnusson, N.H., 1970, The origin of the iron ores in Central Sweden and the history of their alterations, Part 1 : Sveriges Geol. Unders., C 643,127 s.

  • Munha, J., Fyfe, W.S., Kerrich, R., 1980, Adularia, the characteristic mineral of felsic spilites : Cortrib, Mineral. Petrol., 75, 15 - 20.

  • Osborne, G.D., 1925, Geology and petrography of the Clarence town - Paterson district, part IV., Petrography : Proc. Linn. Soc. NSW, 112 -138.

  • Parak, T-, 1975, The origin of the Kiruna iron ores : Sveriges Geol. Unders-, C 709, 209 s.

  • Tolun, N., 1953, Contributions a l`etude geologique des environs du sud et sud - ouest du Lac de Van : Turkey Mineral Research and Explor. Inst. Bull., 44/45, 77 - 112.

  • Tuttle, O.F., Bowen, N.L-, 1958, Origin of granite in the light of experimental studies in the system NaAlSi^OsSiO2 - H^O : Geol. Soc Amer. Mem-, 74, 153 s.

  • Yılmaz, O., 1971, Etude petrographique et geochronologique de la region de Cacas : Published Ph. D. Thesis, Üniversite Scientifique et M^dicale de Grenoble, France, 230 s

  • Yılmaz, O., 1975, Cacas bölgesi (Bitlis Masifi) kayaçlarınm petrografik ve stratigrafik incelemesi : Türkiye Jeoloji Kur. Bült., 18, 33 - 40.

  • Yılmaz, O., Michel, R-, Vialette, Y., Bonhomme, M.G., 1981, Reinterpretation des donnees isotopiques Rb - Sr obtenues sur les m
  • Geology and Genesis of the Apatite-Bearing Iron Deposits of the Bitlis Massif
    Burhan Erdoğan Osman Özcan Dora
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    Abstract: The metamorphic rocks of the Bitlis Massif consist of two groups which are called the lower andthe upper associations separated by an unconformity. The lower association with a possible age of Precambrian iscomposed of metavolcanics, gneisses and crosscutting granites; the upper association, which has a probable age range of Cretaceous, is composed of micaschist and marbles.The apatite - bearing iron deposits of the Bitlis Massif are in the lower ossociation and located along distinctstratigraphic horizons.In the Avnik (Bingöl) region apatite - bearing iron deposits are intercalated with metavolcanics and massive,banded and lensoidal in shape. These deposits are volcano sedimentary in origin. The ore bodies show variations alongtheir strikes and may pinch out in short distances due to irregularities in the volcanic topography where they deposited. Stratification and thin sedimentary laminae are hard-to recognize in the ore bodies. Magnetite is the dominantmineral in the deposits of this region. Contrary to the lateral irregularities of the deposits of the Avnik region, those of the Ünaldı (Bitlis) area can be followed for several kilometers along their strikes. The deposits of this second region have very regular and fine laminated distinct internal sedimentary structures. There are thinly laminated metachert intervals in the Ünaldı deposits- It is clearly demonstrated that the deposits of the Ünaldı region in which apatite is the dominant mineral, were formed by an undistirb ed sedimentation.The characteristics of the apatite - bearing iron deposits of the Avnik and Ünaldı regions, which are associatedwith metavolcanics and metaeherts, indicate that they are volcanosedimentary in origin. In the both regions the orebodies are cut and partially assimilated by younger palingenic granites. Both palingenesis and multiple metamorphism and deformation were effective in forming the complicate structures.

  • apatite

  • gneisses

  • iron deposits

  • Bitlis

  • Banerji, A.K., 1977, On the Precambrian banded iron - formations and the manganese oues of the Singhbhum Region, Eastern India : Econ- Geol., 72, 90-98.

  • Bankes, N.J., 1973, Precambrian iron formations of southern Africa : Econ. Geol., 68, 960 - 1004.

  • Boray, A., 1973, The structure and metamorphism of the Bitlis area, south - east Turkey : London Univ. İngiltere, 233 s- doktora tezi (yayınlanmamış).

  • Boray, A., 1975, Bitlis dolayının yapısı ve metamorfizması . Türkiye Jeoloji Kur. Bült, 18, 81 - 84.

  • Baştuğ, C, 1976, Bitlis napmın stratigrafisi ve güneydoğu Anadolu sütur zonunun evrimi : Yeryuvarı ve İnsan, Ankara 1. 55-61.

  • Çağlayan, M.A., İnal, R.N., Şengün, M-, ve Yurtsever, A-, 1983, Bitlis Masifinin yapısal konumu : Toros Jeo lojisi Uluslararası Simpozyumu özetleri, 53 - 54, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enst. Ankara

  • Erdoğan, B., 1982, Bitlis Masifinin Avnik (Bingöl) yöresinde Jeolojisi ve yapısal özellikleri : Ege Üniv. Yerbilimleri Fak. İzmir, 106 s-, doçentlik tezi (yayınlanmamış)

  • Erdoğan, B., 1983, Güneydoğu Anadolu Miyosen tektoniğinin özellikleri ve Lica havzasının oluşumu : 37 Türkiye Jeoloji Bilimsel Teknik Kurultayı, Ankara, Bildiri özetleri, 66 - 68.

  • Goodwin, A.M., 1973, Archean iron - formations and Taconic Basins of the Canadian Shield : Econ- Geol., 68, 915 - 937.

  • Qoncuoglu, M.Ç. ve Turhan, N., 1983, Bitlis metamorfiklerinde yeni yaş bulguları : Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enst- Derg. 95/96, 44 - 48.

  • Nockolds. S.R., 1954, Average chemical compositions of some igneous rocks : Geol. Soc. America Bull., 65, 1007 -1032.

  • Parak, T-, 1975 a, The origin of the Kirunu iron ores : Sve. riges Geol. Undersolening, Stockholm, 209 s.

  • Parak, T., 1975 b, Kiruna iron ores are not «Intrusif - magmatic ores of the Kiruna Type» : Econ- Geol. 7û, 1242 -1258.

  • Perincek, D., 1980, Bitlis metamorfiklerinde volkanitli Triyas : Türkiye Jeoloji Kur. Bült., 23, 201 - 212.

  • Streckeisen, A-, 1976, To each plutonic rock its proper name: Earth - science Reviews, 12,1 - 33.

  • Yılmaz, O-, 1971, Etude petrographique de la region de Cacas (partie meridionale de Massif de Bitlis, Turquie) < Univ. Scien. et Medical Granoble, France, 230 s- Doktora tezi (yayınlanmamış).

  • Yılmaz, O., 1975, Çacas bölgesi (Bitlis Masifi) kayaçlarının petrografik ve stratigrafik incelemesi : Türkiye Jeoloji Kur. Bült., 18,33-40.

  • Characteristic Trace Element Contents of Pyrites from, Massive Sulphide Deposits
    Nilgün Türkan Güleç Yusuf Ayhan Erler
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    Abstract: In this study, to investigate the relationship between ore genesis and trace element contents of,pyrites of massive sulphide deposits from Turkey and Cyprus, 42 pyrite samples from 14 deposits are analyzed fortheir titanium, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, selenium, and arsenic contents which are characteristic for pyrites. Thesamples were taken from Pontid type and Cyprus type massive sulphide deposits. The samples used were from,for Pontid type deposits, Lahanos, îsrail, Kızılkaya, Kotarakdere, Madenköy-Çayeli, and Anayatak-JMfurgul; and forCyprus type deposits, Küre (Aşıköy and Bakibaba), Ergani I Anayatak and Weiss), Madenköy-Siirt, Agrokipia, Mavrovouni, and Skouriotissa.Titanium, cobalt, and arsenic contents, cobalt: nickel rations, and to some extent nickel contents appear aspossible discriminators for the two different types of mas sive sulphides. The ranges and means of titanium and cobalt are higher in Cyprus type massive sulphides compared to Pontid type. Arsenic has similar ranges in both types,but it has a higher mean in Pontid type deposits Cobalt: nickel ratios, both ranges and means, display an increasefrom Pontid type towards Cyprus type massive sulphides- The ranges and the means of nickel contents are slightlyhigher in Cyprus type compared to Pontid type. Neither the ranges nor the means of vanadium and selenium contents appear to be useful for distinguishing the two types of massive sulphides. 

  • pyrite

  • cobalt

  • trace element

  • Turkey

  • Anderson, C.A., 1969, Massive sulphide deposits and yolcanism : Econ- Geol., 64,129 -146.

  • Cambel, B. ve Jarkovsky, J., 1968, Geochemistry of niejsel and cobalt in pyrrhotines of different genetic types : 23 rd. Int. Geol. Cong., Sect. 6, Prague, 169-183.

  • Coleman, R G. ve Delevaux, M-, 1957, Occurrence of selenium in sulphides from some sedimentary rocks of the western United States : Econ. Geol., 52, 499-526.

  • Çağatay, M.K; 1977, Development of geocheinical exporation techniques for massive sulphide deposits, Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey : Doktora Tezi, London Univ., Yayınlanmamış.

  • Fleischer, M-, 1955, Minor elements in some sulphide minerals : Econ. GeoL, 50 th. Anniv. vol.., 970-1024.

  • Hawley, J.E. ve Nichol, I., 1959, Selenium in some Canadian sulphides : Econ. Geol., 54, 608 - 628.

  • Hawley, J.E. ve Nichol, I.,1961, Trace elements in pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite of different ores : Econ. Geol., 59, 467 - 487.

  • Hutchinson, R.W., 1973, Volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits and their metallogenic significance : EconGeol., 68,1223 -1246.

  • Kurz, S.L., Bronlow, AH. ve Park, W.C., 1975, Properties of pyrites from ore and non - ore environments : Geol. Soc America Abstracts, 7, 7,1156.

  • Lakin, U.W. ve Davidson, D.F., 1973, Selenium; Brobst, DA. ve Pratt, W.P., ed., United States Mineral Resources k /sj.tf da ş U.S. Geol. Survey Prof, Paper 820, 573-576.

  • Loftus - Hills, G. ve Solomon, M., 1967, Cobalt, nickel, and selenium in sulphides as indicators of ore genesis : Mineralium Deposita, 16, 241 - 257.

  • Pejatovic, S-, 1979, Pontid tipi masif sülfid yataklarının metalojenezi : M.T.A. Yayınl, No- 177, Ankara, 100 s

  • Raiswell, R. ve Plant, J., 1980, The incorporation of trace elements into pyrite during diagenesis of black shales, Yorkshire, England : Econ. GeoL, 75, 684 - 699.

  • Ryall, W-R., 1977, Anomalous trace elements in pyrite in the vicinity of mineralized zones at Woodlawn : N.S.W. Australia : Jl. Geochem, Expl., 8, 73-83.

  • Stanton, RE., 1966, Rapid methods of trace analysis : Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., London, 96 s.

  • Vhay, J.S., Brobst, D.A. ve Heyl, A.V., 1973, Cobalt; Brobst, D.A. ve Pratt, W-P., ed., United States Mineral Resources da : U.S. Survey Prof. Paper 820, 143 -155.

  • Wright, CM., 1965, Syngenetic pyrite associated with a Pre- : çambrian iron ore deposit : Econ. Geol, 60, 998 -1019-

  • Petrology and Plate Tectonic Implications of Denizli Volcanics
    Tuncay Ercan Erdoğdu Günay Halil Baş
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    Abstract: Volcanic rocks cropping out around Denizli in Western Anatolia have been petrochemieally analysedand they have been correlated with the similar volcanics surrounding the region. Their origin and plate tectonicimplication have also been discussed. Upper Pliocene volcanics are shoshonitic type. They consist of shcshonitic basalt, latite and trachyte. Their petrochemical characteristics indicate that they have been formed by continentalrifting due to tensional forces acting on this sector of the Western Anatolia. 

  • basalt

  • latite

  • plate tectonic

  • Denizli

  • Angelier, J., Dumont, JF-, Karamanderesi, H., Poisson, A., Şimşek-, Ş., ve Uysal, Ş., 1981, Analyses of fault mechanism and expansion of southwestern anatolia since the late Neocene : Tectonophysics, 75, Tl - T9.

  • Barberi, F., înnocenti, F., Marinelli, G-, ve Mazzuoli, R-, 1974, Volcanisme e tettonica a placche : esempi nell area Mediterranea : 67 th Cong. S.G.L-, 68-72.

  • Bellon, H-, Jarrige, J-J. ve Sorel, D., 1979, Les activites magmat iques Egeennes d FOligocene a nos jours et Leurs cadres geodynamiques Donnees nouvelles et synthese : Rev. Geol. Dyna. Geogr. Phys, 21/14 41 - 55.

  • Borsi, S., Ferrara, G., înnocenti, F-, ve Mazzuoli, R-, 1972, Geochronology and petrology of recent volcanics of Eastern Aegean Sea : Buletin voleanologique, 36-1, 473 - 476.

  • Cox, K.G., Bell, J-D. ve Pankhurst, R.J., 1979, The interpretation of igneous rocks : George Allen and Unwin Ltd, London, 450 s.

  • Di Paola, G.M., 1974, Volcanology and petrology of Nisyros island (Dodecanese, Greece) : Bulletin volcanologique, 38/4, 944 - 987.

  • Ercan, T., 1979, Batı Anadolu, Trakya ve Ege adalarındaki Senozoyik volkanizması : Jeoloji Müh. Derg., 9, 23 - 46.

  • Ercan, T., Dinçel, A., ve Günay, E., 1979, Uşak volkanitlerinin petrolojisi ve plaka tektoniği açısından Ege bölgesindeki yeri : Türkiye Jeol. Kur- Bült, 22, 185-198.

  • Ercan, T., 1980, Akdeniz ve Ege denizindeki Pliyo - Kuvaterner ada yayı volkanizması : Jeomorfoloji Dergisi, 9, 37 - 60.

  • Ercan, T., ve Günay, E., 1981; Söke yöresindeki Tersiyer volkanizması ve bölgesel yayılımı : Jeomorfoloji Dergisi, 10,117-137.

  • Ercan, T-, 1981, Kula yöresinin jeolojisi ve volkanitlerin petrolojisi : Doktora tezi, İstanbul Üniv. Yerbilimleri Fak, İstanbul 168 s.

  • Ercan, T., Türkecan, A. ve Günay, E., 1982, Bodrum yarımadasının jeolojisi ve volkanitlerin petrolojisi : Maden Tetkik Arama Enst. Derg. (Baskıda).

  • Fytikas, M., Giuliani, O,, İnnocenti, F., Marinelli, G. ve Mazzuoli, R., 1976, Geochronological data on recent magmatism of the Aegean sea : Tectonophysics, 31, T29 - T34.

  • Gottini, V., 1969, Serial character of the volcanic rocks of Pantelleria : Bulletin Volcanologique, 3, 818 • 827.

  • Graney, W., 1937, Denizli ve Nazilli`deki Linyit zuhurati üzerine yapılan 3 tetkik seyahati hakkında raporlar : Maden Tetkik Arama Enst Rap. 168, (Yayınlanmamış).

  • Irvine, T.N. ve Baragar, W.R.A., 1971; A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks : Can. Jour. Earth. Scien-, 8, 523 - 548.

  • înnoeenti, F., ve Mazzuoli, R., 1972, Petrology of the Izmir Karaburun volcanic area : Bulletin Volcanologique, 36-1, 83-103.

  • Jakes, P ve White, A.J.R., 1971, Composition of Island arcs and Continental growth : Earth. Planet. Scien. Lett., 12,230-244.

  • Jakes, P., ve White, AJ.R. 1972, Major and trace element abundances in volcanic rocks of orogenic areas : Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull-, 83, 29 - 40.

  • Kastelli, M., 1971 a, Denizli - Sarayköy - Çubukdağ - Karacasu alanı jeoloji incelemesi : Maden Tetkik Arama Enst. Rap- 4573, yayınlanmamış.

  • Kastelli, M., 1971 b, Denizli vilayeti güneyinin jeoloji incelemesi ve jeotermal alan olanakları : Maden Tetkik Arama Enst. Rap. 5199, yayınlanmamış.

  • Kuno, H., 1960, High - alumina basalt; Journal of Petrology 1, 121 -145.

  • Macdonald, G.A. ve Katsura, J. 1964, Chemical composition of Hawaiian lavas : Journal of Petrology, 5, 82 -133.

  • Miyashiro, A. 1975, Island arc volcanic rock series, A critical review : Petrologie, 1/3,177-187

  • Morrison, G.W., 1980, Characterictics and tectonic setting of the shoshonite rock association : Lithos, 13, 97 - 108.

  • Nebert, K., 1958, Denizli Pliyosen teressübatı ve bunların Batı Anadolu tatlı su Neojen stratigrafisi için ehemmiyeti : Maden Tetkik Arama Enst. Derg., 51, 27-41.

  • Nebert, K-, 1961, Tavas-Kale bölgesine ait yeni müşahadeler : Maden Tetkik Arama Enst Derg., 57, 8-17.

  • Piltz, R., 1937, Sarayköy kükürt` madeni hakkında : Maden Tetkik Arama Enst. Rap. 605, yayınlanmamış.

  • Pişkin, Ö, 1980, Kadıkalesi - Girelbelen (Bodrum yarımadası) hidrotermal ve kontakt metasomatik Pb- Zn, Cu cevherleşmelerinin mineralojik ve jeolojik incelenmesi : Doçentlik tezi, Ege Üniv. Yerbilimleri Fak. ÎZMİR, 110 s.

  • Rittmann, A., 1952, Nomenclature of volcanic rocks : Bulletin Volcanologique, 12, 75 -102.

  • Rittmann, A., 1953, Magmatic character and tectonic position of the indonesian volcanoes : Bulletin Volcanologique, 14, 45 - 58.

  • Rittmann, A-, 1962, Volcanoes and their activity : John Wiley and sons, Newyork, London, 305 s

  • Robert, U., 1976, Donnees nouvelles sur ile volcanisme du Sud-Est de la Mar Egee : Inter. Cong- on Therm. Wat. Geoth. Ener. and Vulcan- of the Medit- Area, Atina., 211 - 224.

  • Robert, U., ve Cantagrel, J.M-, 1977, Le volcanisme basaltique dans le sud - est de la mer Egee. Donnees geochronologiques et relations avec la tectonique : VI- Ege Denizi Kollokyumu tebliğler kitabı, Atina-, 68.

  • Savaşçın, Y., 1978, Foça - Urla neojen volkanitlerinin mineralojik jeokimyasal incelenmesi ve kökensel yorumu : Doçentlik tezi, Ege Üniv. Yerbilimleri Fak- 68 s.

  • Uysallı, H., 1967, Denizli M21 - b2 paftası jeolojik etüdü ve jeotermik enerji imkanları : Maden Tetkik Arama Ens. Rap-, yayınlanmamış.

  • Yılmaz, Y-, ve Şengör, A.M.C- 1982, Eğede kabuk evrimi ve neomagmatizmanm kökeni : Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı Bildiri Özetleri Kitabı, 64 - 65.

  • New Data on the K- White Micas from the Menderes Massif (W. Turkey) İN Greenschist Fades Metamorphism of Pelitic Schist
    Muzaffer Evirgen
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    Abstract: New (bo) values were measured for 64 K - white mica specimens from the Menderes Massif (W. Turkey) by XRD. The mean value for (bo) parameters was found to be 9028 °A. The pressure of metamorphism of theMenderes Massif lies in the range between low and high pressures, that is intermediate. During the Alpine metamorphism, two metamorphic phases of different pressure developed in edge central regions of the Massif. The (bo) parameter of muscovite in the K. Menderes group is higher than of the other two groups (Ören and Milas) and Ören groupis smaller than that of the other two. It is determined that the (bo) values K. Menderes group mean value 9.036, Milas group mean value 9.035 and Ören group mean value 9013 (represent the results of the younger phase in theedge terrain of the Massif). The cummulative frequency curves of parameter (bo) of Menderes Massif is compared tomassives all over the world. 

  • schist

  • mica

  • Menderes Massif

  • XRD

  • Boccaletti, M., Bortolotti, V., Malesani, P.G., Manetti, P-, Papani, G-, ve Sassi, F-P., 1968, Preliminaru report on the geologic and petrographic mission in the pontic Ranges (Turkey . Summer 1968) : Boll. Soc- Geol. It., 87, 667 - 676.

  • Cipriani, C, Sassi, F.P. ve Scolari, A-, 1971, Metamorphic White Micas : Definition of Paragenetic fields : Schweiz. Min. Petr. Mitt., 51,259 - 302.

  • Evirgen, M.M., 1979, Menderes Masifi Metamorfizmasına Petroloji, Petrokimya ve jenez açısından yaklaşımlar (Ödemiş - Tire - Bayındır - Turgutlu Yöresi) : H.Ü. Doktora Tezi (Yayınlanmamış), 185 s., Ankara.

  • Evirgen, M.M., ve Ataman, G-, 1981, Menderes Masifinin merkezi bölgesinin metamorfizmasınm incelenmesi; tzograd, Basınç ve Sıcaklık : Yerbilimleri, 7, 15 - 26-

  • Evirgen, MM., ve Ataman, G., 1982, Etude du metamorphisme de la zone centrale du Massif du Menderes. Isogrades, pressions et temperature : Bull. Soc. geol. France, (7), 29, 309-319.

  • Fristsch, W., Meixner, H., Wieseneder, H., 1967, Zur quantitativen Klassification der Kristallinen Schiefer, 2. Mitteihung : N. Jb. Miner-, Monatsh., 364 - 376.

  • Iwasaki, M-, Sassi, F.P-, ve Zirpoli, G., 1978, New data on the K-white micas from the Sahbagawa metamorphic belt, and their petrologic significance : Jour. Japan. Assoc. Min- Pet. Econ- Geol., 73, 274 - 280-

  • Liborio, G., ve Mottana, A-, 1970, II complesso metamorfica sudalpino nelle Api Orobie. 11° : Varizione delle proprieta röntgenografiche delle miche chiare degli scisti di edolo lungo direttrici metamorfiche : Rend- Soc. Ital. Mineral. Petrol-, 26,179 - 204.

  • Sassi, F.P-, 1972, The petrological and geological significance of the bo values of potassic white micas in low - grade metamorphic rocks. An application to the Eastern Alps : Tschermaks Mineral. Petrog. Mitt-, 18, 105-113.

  • Sassi, F-P., ve Scolari, A-, 1974, The bn value of the potassic white micas as a barometric indicator in lowgrade metamorphism of pelitic schists : Contr- Mineral. Petrol., 45, 143 -152

  • Sassi, F.P., Scolari, A., Bocquet, J-, ve Dal Piaz, G.V-, 1974, 1974, L`utilite de la mesure de bo des micas blancs potassiques dans l`etude des ensembles metamorphiques. Application aux Alpes occidentales : Bull- Soc Geol. France, (7), 16,274 (abstr).

  • Sassi, F-P., Krautner, H.G., ve Zirpdi, G., 1976, Recognition of the Pressure Character in Greenschist Facies metamorphism : Schweiz. Mineral- Petrogr- Mitt., 56, 427 - 434.

  • Velde, B., 1965, Phengite micas; synthesis, stability, and natural occurence : Am. Jour. Sci., 263, 886-913.

  • Velde, B., 1967, The Si4+ content in natural pengites : Contr. Mineral. Petrol., 14, 250 - 258-

  • Stratigraphy and Geological Evolution of the South-Southeast of Şarkışla (Sivas)
    Yaşar Ergün Gökten
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    Abstract: The investigated area is situated in the south and southeast of Şarkışla (Sivas), in which formationsof Upper Cretaceous - Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene and Pliocene ages crop out. While Upper Cretaceous - Paleoceneis represented by turbiditic limestones intercalated with tuff, Tuffite, volcanic sandstone and lavas, Eocene is only represented by conglomerate and clayey limestones. Both of them are in marine origin. Oligocene is composed oflagunar gypsium and iacustrine sandstone, conglomerate, and marls. As for to Pliocene is also represented conglomerates, clayey limestones and basalts in terrestrial origin- Ophiolitic melange occurrences forming the basement (?)in the study area have been emplaced by gravity slides in the form of olistostromes in  the sediments as seperatedsheets from Paleocene up to the end of middle Eocene. Volcanoclastics, turbiditic limestones, the secondary emplacement of the ophiolitic melange in the form of olistostromes and the geochemical character of the volcanism indicate that the study area has been developed as a kind of rear - arc basin during Paleocene time.

  • gypsium

  • marl

  • limestone

  • Sivas

  • Aydın, S., 1979, Sivas - Kayadibi - Şarkışla ve Gemerek ovaları hidrojeolojik etüd raporu : DSİ. Jeotek. Hiz. ve Yeraltısu. Dairesi Bşk. yay., Ankara.

  • Demirtaşlı, E., Bilgin, AZ., Erenler, F., Işıklar, S., Sanlı, Y.D., Selim, M. ve Turhan, N., 1973, Bolkardağlarınm jeolojisi : Cumhuriyetin 50. yılı Yerbilimleri Kongresi Tebliğler Derg-, 42 - 57.

  • Erkan, E., Özer, S., Sümengen, M. ve Terlemez, 1., 1978, Sarız-Şarkışla - Gemerek -. Tomarza arasının temel jeolojisi : M.T.A. Rap. No- 5646 (yayımlanmamış)

  • Fiske, R.S., 1963, Subaqeeous pyroclasticflow in the Ohanapechos Formation, Washington : Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 74, 391 - 406.

  • Folk, RL., 1968, Petrology of sedimentary rocks : Austin, Texas, Hemphills, 170.

  • Gökten, E., 1978, Yassıpmar (Şarkışla) olistostromu : Türkiye JeoL Kur. Bült-, 21, 2, 153 - 158.

  • İlker, S. ve Özyeğin, G., 1971, IV. Bölge Sivas havzası hakkında jeolojik rapor : TPAO, Rap. No. 537.

  • Meischner, K.D., 1964, Allodapische kalke, turbidite in riff - nahen sedimentation Becken; In Turbidites, Bouma, A.H. ve Brouver, A. (Eds-), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 156-191.

  • Parsons, W.H., 1969, Criteria for recognition of volcanic breccia - Rewiev : In, Igneous and metamorphic geology, Poldervaart Volume : Geol. Soc Amer. Mem., 115, 1 -14.

  • Price, I., 1977, Deposition and derivation of clastic carbonates on a Mesozoic continental margin, Orthis, Greece : Sedimentology, 24, 529 - 546.

  • Smith, R.L., 1960, Ash flows : Geol. Soc Amer. Bull-, 71, 795-842.

  • Soytürk, N. ve Birgüî, A-, 1972, Şarkışla - Kaynar - Kaleköy arasının jeolojik incelenmesi : TPAO Rap. No- 703 (yayımlanmamış).

  • Şenalp, M-, 1981, Çankırı - Çorum havzasının Sungurlu bölgesindeki karasal formasyonların sedimantolojik incelenmesi : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült. 24, 1 65-74.

  • Walker, R.G., 1970, Rewiev of the geometry and faeies organization of turbidites and turbidite - bearing basins : In, Flysch sedimentology in North America (Lajoie, J-, Ed.f : Geol, Assoc. Canada Spec, 7, 219 - 252.

  • Walton, A.W., 1977, Petrology of volcanic sedimentary rocks, Vieja Group Southern rim rock country, Trans - Pecos Texas : Jour. Sed. Petrol

  • Wilson, J.L., 1975, Carbonate faeies in geologic history : Springer, New York 470.

  • Yücel, T-, 1955, Kangal - Gemerek arası jeolojisi hakkında rapor : M.T.A. Rap. No. 2336 (yayımlanmamış).

  • Investigations of the Source Rock within Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary Deposits at the Western Margin of the Çankırı Basin (Central Turkey)
    Güner Ünalan Osman Bülent Harput
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    Abstract: In this study the source rock possibilities of the Maestrichtian, Paleocene and Eocene sediments cropping out in the western margin of Çankırı basin have been investigatedThe percentage of the total organic carbon (TOC), kerogen types, the vitrinite reflectance values, and the paragenesis of the clay minerals as well as illite crystallinity values have been determined in the shale samples obtainedfrom four measured stratigraphie sections.The results of the analyses; carried out on the Maestrichtian and Lower Tertiary formations suggest that

    -They do not contain significant amount of organic matter,

    -The available organic matter is more suitable for the production of gas rather tham oil and they have notalso reached to complete maturity.

    Similar analyses were also applied to the upper part of the Haymana formation (Maestrichtian) of the Haymana region- It is again concluded that the shales of the upper part of this formation are rather poor in organicmatter and they do not show good maturity. 

  • clay

  • shale

  • oil

  • Çankırı basin

  • Ala, M-A., Kinghorn, R.R.F- ve Rahman, M-, 1980, Organic geochemistry and source rock characteristics of the Zagros petroleum province, Southwest Iran : Jour. Pet. Geol., 3,1, 61 - 89.

  • Ataman, G, Yılmaz, O- ve Ertürk, O., 1977, Diyajenez - Ankimetamorfizma geçişinin illitin kristallik derecesi ile araştırılması - Batı Pontidler`de bir deneme : Yerbilimleri, 3, 1 - 2, 145 - 160.

  • Bailey, E.B. ve Me Callien, W.J-, 1950, Ankara melanjı ve Anadolu şaryajı : MTA Enstitüsü Dergisi, 40, 12 - 22.

  • Bailey, E.B. ve Mc Callien, W-J-, 1953, Serpantin lavas, the Ankara melange and the Anatolian thrust : Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. LXII, II, 403 - 442.

  • Basu, D.N-, Banerjee, A. ve Tamhane, D.M., 1980, Source area and migration trend of oil and gas in Bombay offshore : AAPG Bui. 64, 2, 209 - 220.

  • Birgili, Ş-, Yoldaş, R. ve Ünalan, G-, 1975, Çankırı - Çorum havzasının jeolojisi ve petrol olanakları : MTA Enstitüsü Rap. No : 5621, yayınlanmamış.

  • Blumenthal, M-, 1948, Bolu civarı ile Kızılırmak mecrası arasındaki Kuzey Anadolu silsilelerinin jeolojisi: MTA Enstitüsü yayını, Seri : B, 13, 265 s

  • Bostick, N.H., 1979, Microscopic measurement of the level of catagenesis of solid organic matter in sedimentary rocks to aid exploration for petroleum and to determine former burial temperatures : SEPM Special Publ., 26,17-43

  • Brooks, J-, 1981, Organic maturation of sedimentary organic matter and petroleum exploration, A Review; Organic maturation studies and fossils fuels exploration da : Academic Press, Newyork, 441 s.

  • Dow, W.G., 1978, Petroleum source beds on continental slope and rises : AAPG Bui, 62, 9,1584 -1606-

  • Dunoyer de Segonzac, G-, 1969, Les mineraux argileux dans la diagenese passage au metamorphisme : Memoire du Service de la Carte Geol. Alsace et de Lorraine, 29, 320 p.

  • Durand, B-, Espitalie, J. ve Nicaise, G., 1972, Etude de la matiere organique insoluple des argiles Toarcien du Bassin de Paris : Rev. Ins. Fr- Petrole, 27, 6, 865 - 884

  • Durand, B. ve Espitalie, J., 1973, Evolution de la matiere organique au cours de de l`enfouissement des sediments : C.R. Acad. Sc Paris, 276, D, 2253 - 2256

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  • Comparisons of Different Methods and Selecitvs Extraction Techniques in Analysis of Uranium in the Recent Black Sea Sediments
    Namik Çağatay
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    Abstract: Selected samples of the Recent sediments from the Black Sea basin were analysed for uranium employing neutron activation delayed neutron counting technique (NADNC) and fluorometric methods. The effects of thesolvent extraction and use of the different fusion mixtures were investigated with a view towards establishing themost acceptable fluorometric method of uranium analysis for these sediments. Experimental studies suggest that theanalytical results most close to those of the NADNC method were obtained by the steps, involving the digestion withan HF + HNO3 + HCIO4 acid mixture; followed by the solvent extraction procedure, using ethyl acetate in presenceof concentrated aluminum nitrate salting agent; and finally measurement of the fluorescence intensity of the pelletsprepared by the fusion of an aliquot of ethyl acetate phase and a fusion mixture. It was found that the uranium determinations without the solvent extraction step gave about 50% lower uranium values than those of the NADNC method- The use of either 2% LiF + 98% NaF + or 9% NaF + 45.5% N^COj + 45.5% as the fusion mixture had no effecton the fluorometric uranium determinationsSelected sediment samples from the abyssal plane and continental slope of the Black Sea were subjected tothe selective extraction procedures to assess the form of occurence and geochemical associations of uranium in thesesediments- The data indicate that about an average of 15% (range : 6.3% - 30%) occurs as easily exchangeable (groundwater extractable uranium); a major part of uranium (average : 51%, range : 21% - 89%) as sorbed + exchangeableions, mostly on organic matter (1 M Na acetate - acetic acid (pH = 5.5) extractable uranium); and about 24% (range :7%-36%) as bound in the organic matter with strong organo - uranium bonds (hydrogen peroxide extractable uranium proceeded by the acetate - acetic acid extraction). The remaining (about 25%) uranium is associated most probably with the detrital minerals. The organic matter-bound uranium constitutes the highest percentage of the total in the Sapropel Unit, whereas the detrital - associated uranium is relatively higher in the Lutite Unit and the Coccolith Unit samples of the continental slope, as compared to the rest of the samples.

  • uranium

  • Lutite

  • Coccolith

  • Black Sea

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