Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni
Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

1983 ŞUBAT Cilt 26 Sayı 1
COVER
View as PDF
COPYRIGHT PAGE
View as PDF
CONTENTS
View as PDF
Tectonics of the Hoyran Lake (Isparta Bend) Region
Ali Koçyiğit
View as PDF

Abstract: In the tectonical evolution of the Hoyran Lake region, stable, tensional and compressional phaseshave followed each other recurringly. Main tectonical phases can be summarized as follows : (1) During the intervalof Liassic - Maestrichtian, a long stable phase and the development of Hoyran carbonate platform; (2) During the interval of Maestrichtian to Lutetian, tensional tectonism phase of gradually increasing intensity: During this phase,carbonate platform starts to be fragmented; (3) At the end of Upper Lutetian, compressional tectonics become dominant, and as a result of this, Internal Taurus ophiolitic melange nappe is emplaced on Hoyran carbonate platform.The period including the geologic events occurred up to here, and structures caused by these events has been called asPaleotectonic period; (4) Uplifting, local emergence, erosion, formation of molasse as a result of compressional tectonism, and dominant tensional tectonism; (5) A second compressional tectonism phase of lesser intensity at the endof Middle Oligocene: During this phase, by thrusting, the carbonate platform acts as a para - autochthonous unitwhile the molasse takes a new autochthonous position, and the region becomes complately terrestrial. In addition tothis, the regime of compressional tectonism begins changing to a character of tensional tectonism. The period betweenthe Paleotectonic period, which ceased at the end of Upper Lutetian, and the end of Middle Oligocene, during whichthe region becomes entirly terrestrial, has also been called as Transition period; (6) Tensional tectonism period,which has been dominating from the end of Middle Oligocene to present : During this period named as Neotectonicperiod, regional swelling, block - faulting, alkaline volcanism take place and the region acquires its present appearence.

  • block faulting

  • Neotectonic period

  • Hoyran Lake

  • Isparta

  • Acar, A. ve Biliyul, H., 1974, Jeofizik anomalilere göre Akşehir-Yalvaç yörelerinde kalker altında bazik formasyonun (doleritin) devamlılığının takip imkanı ve ondülasyonları: Türkiye Jeol. Kur. 28. Bilimsel ve Teknik Kongresi Tebliğ - Konferans özetleri, 7.

  • Akbulut, A., 1977, Etude geologique d`une partie du Taurus Occidental au Sud d`Eğridir (Turquie) : Thesâ 3 eme cycle Univ. Paris - Sud Orsay, 203 s.

  • Altıner, D., 1981, Recherches stratigraphiques et micropaleontologiques au NW de Pınarbaşı (Taurus oriental, Turquie) : Univ. de Geneve, Th<§se, 450 s.

  • Bergougnan, H., 1975, Relations entre les edifice et taurique dans le Nord-East de I`Anatolie • Bull. Soc. Gâol. Fr., 7,17, 1045 -1057.

  • Biju-Duval, B., Dercourt, J. ve Le Pichon, X., 1977, From the Tethys Ocean to the Mediterranean seas; a plate tectonic model of the evolution of the Western Alpine System; Intern. Symp. Struct. Hist. Medit. basins de : Editions Technip, Paris, 143 -164.

  • Blumenthal, M., 1944, Bozkır güneyinde Toros sıradağlarının serisi ve yapısı : Istanbul Üniv. Fen Fak. Mec, Seri B, 9, 2, 95 -125.

  • Blumenthal, M., 1960-1963, Le systeme structural de Taurus Sud Anatolien : Livre â l a Mâm. P. Fallot, 11, 611- 662.

  • Boray, A., Akat, U., Akdeniz, N., Akçaören, Z., Çağlayan, A., Günay, E., Korkmazer, B., Öztürk, E.M. ve Sav, H, 1973, Menderes masifinin güney kenarı boyunca bazı önemli sorunlar ve bunların muhtemel çözümleri : Cumhuriyetin 50. yılı Yerbilimleri Kongresi, 11-20.

  • Brunn, J.H., Dumont, J.F., Graciansky, P.C., Gutnic, M., Juteau, T., Marcoux, J., Monod, O. ve Poisson, A., 1971, Outline of the geology of the Western Taurids* Campell, A.S., ed., Geology and History of Turkey de: Petroleum exploration Society of Libya, Tripoli, 225-255.

  • Demirkol, C, Sipahi, H. ve Çiçek, S., 1977, Sultandağınm stratigrafisi ve jeoloji evrimi : Maden Tetkik Arama Enst., Derleme Rap. No. 6305, Yayımlanmamış.

  • Demirtaşlı, E., Bilgin, A. Z., Erenler, F., Işıklar, S., Dilaver, S.Y., Selim, M. ve Turhan, N., 1973, Bolkardağlarmın jeolojisi : Cumhuriyetin 50. yılı Yerbilimleri Kong resi, 42 * 57.

  • Despraırıes, A. ve Gutnic, M., 1970, Les gr6s rouges au sommet du Paleozoique du massif du Sultandağ et les niveaux ferrallitiqes de la couverture Mesozoique (Nord - East du Taurus occidental, Turquie). Analyses chimiques et mineralogiques. Signification paleogeographique : Bull. Soc. Geol., France (7), XII, 505- 514.

  • Dumont, J.F., 1976, İsparta kıvrımı ve Antalya Napıarı`nın orijini : Toroslar`m Üst Kretase tektojenezi ile oluşmuş düzeninin büyük bir dekroşman, transtorik arızayla ikiye ayrılması varsayımı : Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enst. Derg., 86, 56 - 57.

  • Dumont, J.F., Gutnic, M. Marcoux, J., Monod, O., ve Poisson, A., 1972, Le Trias des Taurides occidentales (Turquie). Definition du basin pamphylien : Un nouveau domanine a ophiolithes a la marge externe de la chaine Taurique : Z. dt. geol. Ges., 123, 385 - 409.

  • Dumont, J.F., Uysal, Ş., Şimşek, Ş., Karamanderesi, Î.H. ve Letouzey, J.} 1979, Güneybatı Anadolu`daki grabenlerin oluşumu : Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enst. Derg., 92, 7 -17.

  • Dürr, S., 1975, Über Alter und geotektonische stellung des Menderes Kristallins/SW - Anatolien und seine Aequi valente in der mittleren Aegaeis : Habitations - Schrift, Marburg - Lahn, 107 p

  • Gedik, A., Birgili, Ş. Yılmaz, H. ve Yoldaş, R., 1979, Mut - Ermenek Silifke yöresinin jeolojisi ve petrol olanakları : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 22, 7 - 26.

  • Gökten, E., 1976, Silifke yöresinin temel kaya birimleri ve Miyosen stratigrafisi : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 19, 117-126.

  • Graciansky, P.C. de., 1967, Existance d`une nappe ophiolitique a lettremite accidentale de la chaine Sud - Anatolienne : C.R. Acad. ScL, Paris, 264, 2876 - 2879.

  • Graciansky, P.C de., 1968, Teke yarımadası (Likya) Torosları`nm üst üste gelmiş ünitelerinin stratigrafisi ve Dinaro Toroslar`daki yeri : Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enst. Derg., 71, 73-92.

  • Gutnic, M., 1977, G^ologie du Taurus Pisidien şaı nord d`Isparta, Turquie : Principaux resultats extraits des notes de M. Gutnic entre 1964 et 1971 par O. Monod, Univ. de Paris - Sud Orsay, 130 p.

  • Gutnic, M., Keller, D. ve Monod, O., 1968, Decouverte de nappes de charriage dans le nord du Taurus occidental (Turquie mSridionale) : C.R. Acad. ScL, Paris, 226, 988-901.

  • Güvenç, T., 1981, Tetisin Permiyen ve Triyas stratigrafisi ve paleocoğrafyası : Hacettepe Univ., Yerbilimleri, ?, 27-42.

  • Haude, H., 1968, Zur Geologie des Mittleren Sultandağ Südwestlich von Akşehir (Turkei) : Dissertation Münster 146 s, yayımlanmamış.

  • Horstink, J., 1971, The Late Cretaceous and Tertiary Geological evolution of Eastern Turkey; Keskin, C. ve Demirmen, F., eds., Türkiye Birinci Petrol Kongresi`nde : Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Cemiyeti, 25-41.

  • Koçyiğit, A., 1976, Karaman - Ermenek (Konya) bölgesinde ofiyolitli melanj ve diğer oluşuklar : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült, 22,103-115.

  • Koçyiğit, A., 1979, Tekneli (Tokat güneyi) bölgesinin tekto nik özellikleri: Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknik Araştırma Kurumu Matematik, Fizik ve Biyoloji Bilimler Araştırma Grubu, TBAG-262, 63 s, yayımlanmamış.

  • Koçyiğit, A., 1980, Hoyran gölü yöresinin (Afyon - İsparta) stratigrafik ve tektonik özellikleri : Ankara Üniv. Fen Fakültesi, Genel Jeol. Kurs., Doçentlik tezi, 172 s. (Yayımlanmamış).

  • Koçyiğit, A., 1982, İsparta Büklümü`nde (Batı Toroslar) Toros Karbonat Platformu`nun evrimi : Türkiye Jeo!. Kur. Bült., 24, 15-23.

  • Lefevre, R., 1967, Un nouvel element dans la geologie du Taurus Lycien : Les nappes d`Antalya (Turquie) • C.R. Acad. ScL, Paris, 265,1365 -1368.

  • Marcoux, J., 1979, Antalya Naplarmın genel yapısı ve Tetis güney kenarı paleocoğrafyasmdaki yeri : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 22,1 - 6.

  • Martin, C, 1969, Akseki kuzeyindeki bir kısım Toroslar`m stratigrafik ve tektonik incelemesi : Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enst. Derg., 72,158 -175.

  • Mc Kenzie, D., 1978, Active tectonics of the Alpine-Himalayan belt : The Aegean Sea and surrounding regions : Geophys. J.R. Astr. Soc, 55,217 - 254.

  • Monod, O., 1977, Recherches geologiques dans le Taurus occidental an sud de Beyşehir (Turquie) : Those d`etat., Univ. de Paris - Sud Orsay, 442 s.

  • Özgül, N., Turşucu, A., Özyardımcı, N., Bingöl, I., Şenol, M. ve Uysal, Ş., 1978, Munzurların temel jeoloji özellikleri : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. 32. Bilimsel ve Teknik Kurultayı, Bildiri özetleri, 10 -11.

  • Öztürk, A., 1981, Işıklı (Çivril) - Akdağ yöresinin stratigra fisi : Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknik Araştırma Kurumu Matematik, Fizik ve Biyoloji Bilimler Araştırma Grubu, TBAG - 272, 27 s.

  • Papazachos, B.C. ve Comninakis, P.E., 1977, Modes of Lithospheric interaction in the Aegean Sea; Biju-Duval, B. ve Montadert, L., eds., International symposi um on the structural history of the mediterraneaa basins, Split, 1976 da : Editions Technip, Paris. 319- 332.

  • Parejas, E., 1942, Sandıklı, Dinar, Burdur, İsparta ve Eğridir bölgesinde yapılan jeolojik löveler hakkında Rapor: Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enst. Der. Rap. No. 1390 yayımlanmamış.

  • Penck, N., 1918, Die tektonischen Grundzüge westklinasiens : Engelhorn Nacîıf., Stuttgart.

  • Poisson, A., 1977, Recherches geologiques dans les Taurides oceidentales (Turquieis) : Those d`etat., Univ. de Paris - Sud Orsay, 795 s.

  • Ricou, L.E., Argyriadis, I. ve Marcoux, J., 1975, L`arc calcaire du Taurus. Un. alignement de fen^tres Arabo - Africaines Sous les nappes radiolaritiques, ophiolitiques et metamorphiques : Bull. Soc. g6ol. France, (7), XVIII, 1024 -1044.

  • Ricou, L.E., 1980, Toroslar`m Helenidler ve Zagridler arasındaki yapısal rolü : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 23, 2, 101-118.

  • Şengör, A.M.C. ve Yılmaz, Y., 1981, Tethyan evolution of Turkey : A plate tectonic approch : Tectonopîıysics, 75,181-241.

  • Tekeli, O., 1980, Toroslar`da Aladağlarm yapısal evrimi : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 23,11 -14.

  • Uysal, Ş., Dumont, J.F. ve Poisson, A., 1980, Batı Toros platformları : Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enst., Rap. No. 80/4 -13, 227 s, yayımlanmamış.

  • Yalçın, N., 1980, Amonoslarm litolojik karakterleri ve Güneydoğu Anadolu`nun tektonik evrimindeki anlamı : Türkive Jeol. Kur. Bült, 23, 21 - 30.

  • Yılmaz, P.O., Maxwell, J.C. ve Muehlberger, W.R., 1981 An talya kompleksinin yapısal evrimi ve Doğu Akdeniz deki yeri : Hacettepe Univ., Yerbilimleri, 7, 119-127.

  • Sedimentological Evidence for the Opening of the Northern Branch of Neo - Tethys in the Pontides.
    Naci Görür A. M. Celal Şengör Remzi Akkök Yücel Yilmaz
    View as PDF

    Abstract: Sedimentological study of various Liassic sequences in the Pontides has revealed the outlines of thegeomorphological, depositional, and tectonic characteristics of their environment of deposition. At the beginning ofthe Lias, the Pontides were a positive region associated with the active continental margin of Paleo-Tethys alongthe northern border of Gondwana - land. On this wide area, formed mainly from various Paleozoic (? and Triassic}rocks, clastic platform sediments of dominantly fluvial, swamp, and shallow - marine environments were laid down.Rifting and associated block faulting began along the southern border of the Pontides related to the opening ofthe northern branch of Neo - Tethys at the beginning or just before the Sinemurian. This event affected large areasin the Pontides and generated seamounts and intervening basins corresponding with horsts and grabens respectively.This topography determined the tectonic characteristic of the northern margin of Neo-Tethys and controlled sedimentation during and after the Sinemurian. On top and along the flanks of the seamounts locally condensed seriesincluding, red-grey coloured biomicrite, bîosparite and pelmicrite, and shallow carbonate facies including oolitesand reefs were deposited, whereas mainly grey - coloured turbidites made up of shales, sandstones, conglomerateswith volcanic and crystalline clasts, and intercalations of tuffs and lavas characterized the basin deposition. Locally,into these turbidities, material was carried from the condensed sequences capping seamounts. In some areas (e.g.Amasya and Gümüşhane) deep-sea deposits directly overlie the seamount deposits as a result of the latter`s subsidence, perhaps owing to listric normal faulting and block rotation. Environmental analysis of the Liassic deposits inthe Pontides show that the Bilecik, Ankara and Alucra (Giresun) areas were generally located on seamounts, the Mudurnu and Niksar-Reşadiye areas were basins; and the Amasya, Havza, Gümüşhane and tspir - Yusuf eli regionswere rapidly subsiding seamounts. These data indicate that the northern branch of Neo - Tethys formed as a resultof the rifting of the Paleo-Tethyan magmatic arc from the Gondwana - land platform during the Lias and notearlier, during the Trias as claimed by some researchers.

  • oolite

  • shale

  • Pontide

  • Neo - Tethys

  • Alkaya, F., 1982, Kuzey Anadolu Alt Jura (Liyas) Phyllocetatidlerinin taksonomik revizyonu (I. bölüm) : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült, 25,31 - 40.

  • Alp, D., 1972, Amasya yöresinin Jeolojisi : 1st. Üniv. Fen Fak. Monog. (Tabii ilimler kısmı), 22,101 s.

  • Altınlı, I.E., 1973, Bilecik Jurasiği : M.T.A., Ankara. Cumhuriyetin 50. yıl yer bilimleri kongresi, tebliğler. 112-113.

  • Aubouin, J., 1964, Reflexions sur le facies «Ammonitico Rosso» : Bull. Soc. gâol. France, s£r. 7, 6, 475-501.

  • Baykal, F,, 1952, Recherches geologiques dans la region de Kelkit - Siran : Rev. Fac. Sci. Univ. Istanbul, Ser. B, XVII, Fasc. 4.

  • Bergougnan, H. ve Fourqum, C, 1982, Remmants of a pre - Late Jurassic ocean in northern Turkey : Fragments of Permian - Triassic Paleo - Tethys? : Discussion: Geol. Soc. America Bull., 93, 929 - 932.

  • Bernoulli, D., 1964, Zur Geologie des Monte Generoso (Lombardische Alpen) : Beitr. Geol. Karte Schweiz. N.F., 118 -134

  • Bernoulli, D., 1971, Redeposited pelagic sediments in the Jurassic of the Central Mediterranean Area; VeghNeubrandt, E. ed. Colloque du Jurassique m&iiterran6en de : Inst. Geol. Pub. Hungarici Ann., 54/2, 71- 90.

  • Bernoulli, D., 1972, North Atlantic and Mediterranean Mesozoic facies; a comparison, Hollister, CD. Ewing, J.I. ve diğerleri, ed. D.S.D.P., Initial Reports, 11 de : Washington, D.C., 801 - 871

  • Bernoulli, D ve Jenkyns, H.C., 1974, Alpine Mediterranean, and Central Atlantic Mesozoic facies in relation to the early evolution of the Tethys : S.E.P.M. Spec. Pub., 19,129 -160.

  • Bossellini, A., 1967, Torbiditi carbonatiche nel Giurassico delle Giudicarie e loro significato geologico : Ann. Univ. Ferrara, Sez. IX, Sci. geol. e paleont., 4, 101 - 115.

  • Bremer, H., 1965, Zur Ammonitenfauna und Stratigraphie des unteren Lias (Sinemurium bis Carixium) in der Umgebung von Ankara (Türkei) : N. Jb. Geol. Palaont, Abh., 122,127 - 221.

  • Brinkmann, R., 1976, Geology of Turkey : Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, 158 s.

  • Castellarin, A., 1972, Evoluzione paleotettonica sinsedimentaria del limite tra «piattaforma veneta» e «bacino lombardo» a nord di Riva del Garda gia, ser. 2, 33, 527 - 546.

  • D`Argenio, B. ve Alvarez, W., 1980, Stratigraphic evidence for crustal thickness changes on the southern Tetir yan margin the Alpine cycle : Geol. Soc. America Bull., 91, 681 - 689.

  • Dewey, J.F., Pitman, W.C., Ryan, W.B.F. ve Bonnin, J., 1973, Plate tectonics and the evolution of the Alpine system : Geol. Soc. America Bull. 84, 3137-3180.

  • Garrison, R.E. ve Fischer, A.G., 1969, Deep-water lime stones and radiolarites of the Alpine Jurassic; Friedman, G.M. ed. Depositional environments in carbonate rocks, a symposium da : S.E.P.M. Spec. Pub. 14, 20 - 56.

  • Germann, K., 1971, Mangan - Eisen - führende Knollen und Krusten in jurassischen Rotkalden der Nördlicheıı Kalkalpen : Neues Jahrb. Geologie und Palaontologie, Monatsh, 133 -156..

  • Gözübol, A.M., 1978, Mudurnu - Dokurcun - Abant (Bolu ili) alanının jeoloji incelemesi ve Kuzey Anadolu yarılımınm yapısal özellikleri : 1st. Üniv. Fen. Falc., Doktora tezi, yayınlanmamış.

  • Hollmann, R., 1962, Über subsolution und die «Knollenkalke» des Calcare Ammonitico Rosso Supeciore im Monte Baldo : Neues Jahrb. Geologie und Palaontologie, Monatsh., 163 -179.

  • Jenkyns, H.C., 1970, Fossil manganese nodules from the west Sicilian Jurassic : Eclogae Geol. Helvetiae, 63, 741 - 774.

  • Jenkyns, H.C., 1971, The genesis of condensed sequences in the Tethyan Jurassic : Lethaia, 4, 327-352.

  • Jenkyns, H.C., 1972, Pelagic «oolites» from the Tethyan Jurassic : Jour. Geology, 80, 21 - 33.

  • Ketin, I., 1951, Über die geologie der Gegend von Bayburt in Nordost Anatolien : Rev. Fac. Sci. Üniv. istanbul, 16,113 -127.

  • Ketin, I., 1969, Über die nordanatolische Horizontalverschiebung : Bull. Mineral Res. Explor. Inst. Turkey, 72 1 - 28.

  • Maucher, A., Schultze - Westrum, H. H., ve Zankl, H., 1962 Geologische Lagerstâttenkundliche Untersuchungen im Ostpontischen Gebirge : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Math.-Natur. Klas., Abhandlungen, Neue Folge, Heft 109, München, 91 s.

  • McKenzie, D.P., 1978, Active tectonics of the Alpine - Himalayan belt : the Aegean Sea and surrounding regions : Geophys. Jour. Roy. Astron. Soc, 55, 217- 254.

  • M.T.A., 1975, Türkiye Jeolojij haritası, Ankara paftası açıklaması, 1/500.000 : M.T.A. Ankara, 111 s.

  • Öztürk, A., 1973, Havza - Lâdik - Taşova bölgesinde yeralan Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonunun sistematik etüdü : Doktora tezi, Ankara Üniv., 99 s.

  • Pelin, S., 1977, Alucra (Giresun) güney doğu yöresinin petrol olanakları bakımından jeolojik incelenmesi : Karadeniz Tek. Üniv. Yay. 87,103 s.

  • Saner, S., 1980, Mudurnu - Göynük havzasının Jura ve sonrası çökelim nitelikleriyle paleacoğrafya yorum laması : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 23, 39 - 52.

  • Sclater, J.G., Hellinger, S. ve Tanscott, C, 1977, Paleobathymetry of the Atlantic Ocean : J. Geology, 85, 509 - 552.

  • Schultze - Westrum, H.H., 1961, Das geologische Profil des Aksu-Dere bei Giresun - Ein Beitrag zur geologie und Lagerstâttenkunde der ostpontischen Erz. und Mineral provens. NE Anatolien : Bull. Mineral Res. Explor. înst. Turkey, 57,65 - 74.

  • Seymen, t., 1975, Kelkit Vadisi kesiminde Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonunun tektonik özelliği : t.T.Ü. Maden Fak Yay., İstanbul, 198 s.

  • Smith, A.G., 1971, Alpme deformation and the oceanic areas of the Tethys, Mediterranean and Atlantic : Geol. Soc. America Bull., 82,2039 - 2070.

  • Sturani, C, 1964, La successione delle faune ad ammoniti nelle formazioni mediogiurassiche delle Prealpi venete occidentali : Univ. Padova, 1st. Geologia e Mineralogia Mem., 24,1 - 63.

  • Şengör, A.M.C., 1979, Mid-Mesozoic closure of Permo - Triassix: Tethys and its implications : Nature, 279, 590 - 593.

  • Şengör, A.M.C. ve Yılmaz, Y., 1981, Tethyan evolution ol Turkey : A plate tectonic approach : Tectonophysics, 75,181 - 241.

  • Şengör, A.M.C., Yılmaz, Y. ve Ketin, I., 1980, Remnants of pre-late Jurassic ocean in northern Turkey : :Fragments of Permian - Triassic Paleo-Tethys : Geol. Soc. America Bull., 91, 599 - 609.

  • Şengör, A.M.C., Yılmaz, Y. ve Ketin, t., 1982 Remnants of a pre-late Jurassic ocean in northern Turkey * Fragments of Permian - Triassic Paleo - Tethys? Reply : Geol. Soc. America Bull., 93,932 - 936.

  • Şengör, A.M.C., Yılmaz, Y. ve Sungurlu, O., Baskıda, Tectonics of the Mediterranean Cimmerides : Nature and evolution of the western termination of Paleo - Tethys : Spec Pub. Geol. Soc. London.

  • Tekeli, O., 1981, Subduction complex of pre-Jurassic age,, northern Anatolia, Turkey : Geology, % 68-72.

  • Trümpy, R., 1949, Der Lias der Glarner Alpen : Denkschr. Schweiz. Naturf. Gesell. 79,192 s.

  • Trümpy, R., 1952, Der Nordrand der liasischen Tethys in den Schweizeralpen : Geol. Rdsch., 40, 239-242.

  • Trümpy, R., 1955, Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Palaeogeographie und Deckenbau : Vjschr. natf. Ges. Zürich, 100, 217-231.

  • Tucholke, B.E. ve Mountain, G.S., 1979, Seismic stratigraphy, lithostratigraphy and paleosedimentation pat» terns in the North America Basin; Talwani, M., Hay, W. ve Ryan, W.B.F., ed. Deep drilling results in the Atlantic Ocean da : Continental margins and paleoenvironment, A.G.U. Maurice Ewing Series 3. 58 - 86.

  • Van Hinte, J.E., 1976, A Jurassic time scale : Bull. America Assoc. Petrol. Geol., 60,489 - 497.

  • Wedding, H., 1963, Beitrage zur Geologie der Kelkit - Linie und zur Stratigraphie der Jura im Gebiet Kelkit - Bayburt : Bull. Miner. Res. Expl. înst., Turkey, 61, 31-37.

  • Wendt, J., 1970, Stratigraphische Kondensation in triassischen und jtırassisehen Cephalopodenkalken der Tethys : Neues Jahrb. Geologie und Palaontologie, Mh., 433-448.

  • Yılmaz, Y., 1972, Petrology and structure of the Gümüşhane Granite and the surrounding rocks, N.E. Anatolia : Ph. D. thesis, Univ. of London, 266 s, yayınlanmamış.

  • Yılmaz, Y., 1981 a, Sakarya Kıtası güney kenarının tektonik evrimi: tst. Yerbilimleri, 1,35 - 52.

  • Yılmaz, Y., 1981 b, Atlantik tip bir kıta kenarının Pasifik tip bir kıta kenarına dönüşümüne Türkiyeden örnek : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Yay., 27 s.

  • Yılmaz, Y., 1982, Çoruh Nehri Havzası Master Plân raporu, Jeoloji, Temelsu; E.Î.E., arşivi, 160 s.

  • Yılmaz, Y., Tüysüz, O., Gözübol, A.M. ve Yiğitbaş, E., 1981, Abant (Bolu) - Dokurcan (Sakarya) arasındaki Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonunun kuzey ve güneyinde kalan tektonik birliklerin jeolojik evrimi : tst. Yerbilimleri, 1, 239 - 261.

  • Zankl, H., 1961, Magmatismus und Bauplan des Ostpontischen Gebirges im Querprofil des Harsit - tale;, NE-Anatolien : Geol. Rundsch., 51/2, 218-240.

  • Geological Criteria for the Forecasting of Epicentral Areas of Large Magnitude Earthquakes
    A. Aykut Barka
    View as PDF

    Abstract: According to the observations made on the North Anatolian fault zone where the epicentral areas of1942 Erbaa and 1943 Tosya earthquakes are located, it is defined that the active fault traces change direction in a convergence sense upto 15°. At the same time the above areas qceur in the metamorphic complexes and are also subjectedto local and regional uplifting. The features obtained from these two localities, are applied to the other epicentralareas of past large magnitude earthquakes on the North Anatolian fault zone and it is noticed that these areas have the same features. Here the relationship between the above criteria and large magnitude earthquakes has been discussed, as a result of which 4 new forecasting epicentral areas of large magnitude earthquakes have been put foreward. These are (a) Bandırma district, (b) Palu-Gökdere, (c) Pötürge Karamemikler and (d) Karlıova-Elmalı river.It is recomended that an instrumental network in these areas should be installed to monitor the seismic activity associated to forthcoming large magnitude earthquakes. 

  • earthquake

  • epicentral areas

  • Bandırma

  • North Anatolian Fault

  • Allen, C.R., 1968, The tectonic environments of seismically active and inactive areas along the San Andreas fault system. In Dickonson W.R. and Grantz A. Editors. Proceedings of Con. Geo. Prob. San Andreas Stanford Univ. Pubs. Vol. 11, P. 70 - 82.

  • Allen, C.R., 1975, Geological criteria for evaluating seismicity. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 86/1041 -1057.

  • Ambraseys, N.N., 1970, Some characteristic features of the Anatolian fault zone. Tectonophysics 9, 143-165.

  • Ambraseys, N.N., 1971, Value of historical records of earthquakes. Nature, Lond. 232, 375-379.

  • Arpat, E., 1977, Karakaya barajı çok büyük depremlerle sınanacaktır. Yeryuvarı ve însan, 59 - 62.

  • Arpat, E. ve Şaroğlu, F., 1972, The east Anatolian Fault System : thoughts on its development. Bull. Miner. Res. Explor. Inst., Ankara, 78, 33 - 39.

  • Barka, A.A., 1981, Seismo - tectonic Aspects of the North Anatolian fault zone. Ph. D thesis. University of Bristol, 335 pp.

  • Barka, A.A. and Hancock, P.L., 1982, Relationship between fault geometry and some earthquake epicentres within the North Anatolian fault zone. Progress in earthquake prediction Vol: 2, p. 137-142, edited by A.M. Işıkara and A. Vogel Friedr. Viewey and John, FRG.

  • Can, R., 1974, Seismotectonics of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. Unpublished M. Phil, thesis. University of London.

  • Castle; R.D.; Church, J.P. and Elliott, M.R., 1976, Aseismic uplift in Southern California Science, 192, 251 - 253.

  • Crowell, J.C., 1974 a, Sedimentation along the San Andreas Fault, California. In : Modern and Ancient Géosynclinal Sedimentation (Ed. by R.H. Dott Jr and R.H. Shaver). Spec. Publ. Soc. econ. Paleont. Miner., Tulsa, 19, 292 - 303

  • Crowell, J.C., 1974 b, Origin of late Cenozoic basins in southern California. In : Tectonics and Sedimentation (Ed. by W.R. Dickinson). Spec. Publ. Soc. econ. Paleont. Miner., Tulsa, 22,190 - 204.

  • Cummings, D., 1976, Theory of plasticity applied to faulting, Mojave Desert, southern California. Bull. geol. Soc. Am., 87, 720 - 724.

  • Cummings, D. and Leeds, DJ., 1977, Seismotectonic zoning using theoretical mechanics. Proc. 6th World Conf. Earthquake Eng. 1, 836 - 842.

  • Cutten, H.N.C., 1979, Rappahannock Group : Late Cenozoic Sedimentation and tectonics contemporaneous with Alpine Fault movement. N.Z. Jl. Geol. Geophys. 22, 535 - 553.

  • Dewey, J.W., 1976, Seismicity of Northern Anatolia. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 66, 843 - 868.

  • Ercan, A., 1979, Doğu Anadolu fayı üzerinde küçük deprem çalışmaları. Yeryuvarı ve însan, 21 - 30.

  • Ergin, K.; Güçlü, U. and Uz, Z., 1967, A catalogue of earthquakes for Turkey and surrounding area (11 A.D. to 1964 A.D.) Tech. Univ. Istanbul Mining Eng. Fac. Publ. 24,1 - 169.

  • Ergin, K.; Güçlü, U. and Aksay, G., 1971, A catalogue of earthquakes of Turkey and surrounding area (1965- 1970). Tech. Univ. Istanbul Mining Eng. Fac. Publ., 28,1-91.

  • Ergin, K.; Canitez, N.; Büyükaşıkoğlu, S; Güçlü, U., 1982, Seismicity of Sinop and Trakya Nuclear Power Plant sites and their vicinities. Progress report No : 2, Tec. Univ. 1st. 152 p.

  • Fedotov, S.A., 1965, Regularities of the distribution of strong earthquakes in Kamchatka, the Kuril Islands, and northeast Japan, Trudy Inst. Fiz Zemli., Acad. Nauk. SSSR, 36, 66 - 93.

  • Hancock P.L.; Barka, A.A!, 1981, Opposed shear senses ingerred from neotectonic mesafracture system in the North Anatolian fault zone. 3. J. Struct. Geol.

  • Hempton, Mj£, Dewey, JJ; Şaroğlu, F., 1981, The East Antatôlian transform fault. Along strike variations in geometry and behavior, EOS. 62,17.

  • Ichikawa, K. 1980. Median Tectonic line of southwest Japan. `Thé Gfeolôgfcal Soc. Japan Memoir 48. 210 p.

  • Irwin, W.P.; Barnes, I., 1975, Effect of Geologic structure and methamorphic fluids on seismic behavior of the San Andreas fault system in central and northern California. Geology 3, 713 - 716.

  • Karnik, V., 1972, Seismicity of the Evropean area. Part 2. Reidel, Dordrecht.

  • Kelleher, J.A.; Sykes, Lit. and Oliver, J., 1973, Possible criteria for predicting earthquake locations and their . applications to major boundaries of the Pacific and Caribbean, J. Oeophys. Res. 78, 2547-2585.

  • Kelleher, J.A.; Savino, J.; Rowlett, H. and McCana, W, 1974, Why and were great thrust earthquakes occur along island arcs, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 4889-4899.

  • Kelleher, J.A. and Savino, J., 1957, Distribution of seismicity before large strike-slip and thrust-type earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res. 80,260-271.

  • Kingma, J.T., 1958, Possible origin of piercemerit structures, local unconformities and secondary basins in thé Eastern Geosyncline, New Zealnd. N.Z.J. Geol. Geophys. 14 269-274.

  • Koide, H.; Bhattacharji, S., 1977, Geometric of active strikeslip faults and their significance as indicators for areas of energy release. In : Energetics of Geological Processes, (edited by Saxena, S.K. and Bhattacharji, S.) Springer-Verlag, New York, 46-66.

  • Küpper, D.H., 1964, Width of the Alpine fault zone New Zeland, N.Z.J. Geol. Geophys. Vol. 7, 685-701.

  • McCann, WR.; Nishënko, S.P.; Sykes, L.R. and Krause, J., 1979, Seismic gaps and plate tectonics: seismic potential for major boundaries. Pageoph 117, 1082-1147.

  • McKenzie, D., 1972, Active tektonics of the Mediterranean region. Geophys. J.R. Astr. Soc., 30, 109-185.

  • McKenzie, D. 1978. Active tectonics of the Alpine-Himalayan belt : Aegean Sea and surraunding regions (Tectonics of Aegean region) Geophys J.R. Astr. Soc. 55, 217-254.

  • Parejas, E.; Akyol, I.H. and Altınlı, E., 1941, Le tremblement de terre d`Erzincan du 27 Décembre 1939. Revue Fac. Sei. Univ. Istanbul, BVÏ, 177-222.

  • Pınar, N. and Lahn, E., 1952, Türkiye depremleri izahlı ka-> taloğlu, Bayındırlık Bakanlığı, Yapı îmar İşleri Reisliği Yayınları, Seri 6,36, Ankara.

  • Prescott, W.H. and Savage, J., 1976, Strain accumulation on the San Andreas fault near Palmdale, California. J. Geophys. Res. 81,4901-4908.

  • Rogers, T.H., 1973, Fault trace geometry within the Sand Andreas and Calaveras fault zones-a clue to the evolution of some transcurrent fault zones. Proc. Conf. Tectonic Problems of the San Andreas Fault System. Stanford Univ. Publs Geöl. Sei. 13, 251-258.

  • Rynn, J.M.W. and Scholz, C.H., 1978, Seismotectonics of the Arthur`e Pass region South Island New Zealand. Geo. Soc. Ame. Bull Vol. 89r 1373-1388.

  • Scholz, C.H., 1977, Transform fault systems of California and New Zeland : similarities in their tectonic and seismic styles. J. geol. Soc Lond., 133,215 - 229.

  • Scholz, C.H. and Fitch, T., 1969, Strain accumulation along the San Andreas Fault. Jour. Geophys Eesear. 74* 6649-6665.

  • Seymen, I. and Aydm, A., 1972, The Bingöl Earthquake Fault and its relation to the North Anatolion Fault Zone. Bull. Mineral Res. Explor. Inst. Ankara 79, 1-8.

  • Slemmons, P., 1977, Faults and earthquake magnitude. Report 6 of a Series, prapared office, Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army Washington D.C. 20314.

  • Soysal, H.; Kolçak, D.; Sipahioğlu, S., 1982, Some aspects of the North Anatolian Fault Zone derived from the comparison of its intrumental deta with historical information. Progress in earthquake prediction Vol. 2, 223-238. edited by A.M. Işıklara and A. Vogel. Friedr. Vieweg and John, Wiesbaden, F.R.G.

  • Şengör, A.M.C., 1979, The North Anatolian fault : its age, offset and tectonic significance. J. geol. Soc. Lond. 136, 269 - 282.

  • Şengör, A.M.C,, 180, Türkiye`nin neotektonik esasları, Spe. publ. Geo. Soc. Turk. 40 p.

  • Şaroğlu, F., Boray, A.; Özer, S..: Kuşçu, 1, 1982, Orta Anadolu`nun neotektoniği üzerine bazı görüşler, Özet, T.J.K.

  • Tatar, Y., 1978, Tectonic investigations on the North Anatolion Fault Zone between Erzincan and Refahiye, (in Turkish). Publ. Inst. Earth Sei., Hacettepe Üniv. 4,201-236.

  • Tobin, P.G. and Sykes, L.R., 1968, Seismicity and tectonics of the northeast Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 3821-3845.

  • Toksöz, M.N., Shakal, A.F. and Michael, A.J., 1979. Spacetime migration of earthquakes along the North Anatolian fault zone and seismic gabs. Pageoph 117. 1258-1270.

  • Walcott, R.I., 1978, Precent tectonics and Late Cenozôic evolution of New Zealand. Geophys. J.R. astro. Soc. 52,137-164.

  • Wilcox, R.E.; Harding, T.P. and Seely, D.R., 1973, Basic wrench tectonics: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., 57, 74-96.

  • Geology and mineralogy of the ore deposits of the Istranca Massif
    Mehmet Fevzi Taner Ahmet Çağatay
    View as PDF

    Abstract: The Instranca Massif is underlain by a basement of gneissic rocks unconformably overlain by a coverof Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. These rocks are composed of shale, limestone and sandstone which areregionally metamorphosed in the greenschist facies. The sedimentary rocks are, in turn, largely intruded by UpperCretaceous granodioritic rocks and in part covered by volcano - sedimentary rocks also of Upper Cretaceous age.The many ore deposits and mineralizations known from the Istranca Massif generally occur in the contactzone between the intrusive and sedimentary cover rocks; they are the result of hydrothermal contact mineralization.Disseminated and stockwork types of mineralization formed by primary ore minerals such as pyrite, some chalcopyrite,traces of molybdenite and scheelite are found close to the contact zone within the granodiorite porphyry; locally,hydrothermal quartz veins containing trace of molybdenite cut the granodiorite porphyry. The more important deposits and mineralizations occur in some contact zones; they consist of primary ore minerals, the most important ofwhich are magnetite, chalcopyrite, bornite, the fahlerz group, pyrite, pyrrhotite, the Bi-minerals (e.g., bismuth, bismuthinite, emplectite, wittichenite, gladite, tatradymtte, etc.), sphalerite, cubanite, valleriite and scheelite in association with such secondary ore minerals as chalcocite, coveilite, malachite, azurite and limonite.The paragenesis and the texture and structure of the öre minerals has been studied in detail. The mineral cubanite and valleriite indicate a temperature of formation of 250° - 300°C, elsewhere mineralization generally occurs insome skarn zones where chalcopyrite contains exsolution stars,of sphalerite; these phenomena show that these ore deposits and mineralizations have been formed in meso - katathermal conditions.One of the most important ore deposits in the Istranca Massif is ikiztepeler, which was being worked for Cu,Mo and W. 

  • chalcopyrite

  • granodiorite

  • molybdenite

  • Instranca Massif

  • Aral, H., 1976, Kırklareli, Dereköy, Karadere civarı jeolojisi ve bakır aramalarına ilişkin prospeksiyon raporu : M.T.A. Enst. Maden Etüd Rap. no 1519; yayınlanmamış.

  • Aral, H. ve Erler, A., 1981, Porfiri bakir yatakları : OrVTÜ Müh. Fak. Yayım No. 67,100 s.

  • Aydın, Y., 1974, Etude petrographique de la partie centrale du Massif dlstranca, Turquie : Thâse Univ. Nancy, no Ac 10415,164 s.

  • Ayhan, A., Dinçel, A. ve Tuğrul, Y,, 1972, Istranca masifinin «Yıldız dağları» jeolojisi : M.T.A. Enst. Rap. np 5130, Yayınlanmamış.

  • Aykol, A., 1979, Kırklareli-Demirköy sokulumu`nun petroloji ve jeokimyası : Doç. Tezi. Î.T.Ü. Maden Fak. istanbul, 180 s.

  • Boccaletti, M., Manetti, P., Peccerillö, A. ve Stanisheva — Vassileva, G., 1978, Late Cretaceous high - potassium volcanism in eastern Srednogorie, Bulgaria : Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 89, 438 - 447.

  • Bogdanov, B., Dachev, H. ve Vulchanov, A,, 1974, Metallpgeny of Bulgaria in the context of plate tectonics : International Association on the genesis of ore deposits (4 th. symposium of IAGOD), Varna, 58-63.

  • Boncev, E., 1974, General features of the geological structure of Bulgaria : International Association on the genesis of ore deposits (4 th. Symposium of IAGOD), Varna, 35-43.

  • Borchert, H., 1934, Über Entmischungen im System Cu-Fe-S un ihre Bedentung als geologisches Thermometer :: Chemie der Erde, 9,145 -172.

  • Boyadjiev, S., 1974, On the results of the radiometric age determinations of the pre - Mesozoic basement in parts of Balkan peninsula : International Association on the genesis of ore deposits (4 th symposium of IAGOD), Varna, 15 -27.

  • Çağatay, A. ve Çağatay, N., 1978, Porfiri bakır yatakları t Yeryuvarı ve İnsan, 3/1, 32 - 37.

  • Çağatay, A., Taner, M.F., Arman, B. ve Altun, Y., 1982, Şükrüpaşa ve İkiztepeler yataklarında izlenen bizmut mineralleri : KTÜ, Yerbilimleri, Derg., (baskıda).

  • Çubukçu, E., 1980, Jeokimya prospeksiyon neticeleri : M.T.A. Enst., Maden Etüd, Rap. no 1712, yayınlanmamış.

  • Gocev, P., 1979, The place of Stranca in the Alpine structure of Balkan peninsula : Review Bulgarian Geol. Soc, 40/1, 27 - 46 (Bulgarca, ingilizce özet).

  • Kamitani, M., 1978, Kırklareli - Demirköy sahası bakır, volf ram ve molibden zuhurları : M.T.A. Enst., Maden Etüd, Rap. no M 330, Yayınlanmamış.

  • Kullerud, G. ve Yoder, H.S., 1965, Sulf ide - silicate relations : Carnegie Institution : Ann. Rep. Direct. Geophy. Lab., 1964-1965, Washington, D.C., 175-189.

  • Lowell, J.D. ve Guilbert, J.M., 1970, Lateral and vertical alteration - mineralization zoning in porphyry ore deposits : Econ. Geol., 65, 373 - 408

  • Milev, V. ve Bogdanov, B., 1974, Structural metallogenic zones and ore formations on territory of Bulgaria : International Association on the genesis of ore deposits (4th. symposium of IAGOD), Varna, 44-57.

  • Miyashiro, A., 1973, Metamorphism and metamorphic belts: George Allen and Unwin Ltd., London, 492 s.

  • Moore, W.J., Mckee, E.H. ve Akıncı, Ö., 1979, Chemistry and chronology of plutonic rocks in the pontids mountains, northern Turkey : Symposium on the European copper deposits, Split, Yugoslavia, 39 - 44.

  • Moorhouse, W.J., 1959, The study of rocks in thin section : Harper and Row, New York, 514 s.

  • Öztunalı, Ö. ve Üşümezsoy, Ş., 1979, Istranca masifinin «çekirdek» kayaçları ve petrojenetik evrimleri : Altınlı simpozyumu, Türkiye Jeol, Kur. ve Î.Ü. Yerbilimleri Fak. Yayını, 37 - 44.

  • Pamir, H.N. ve Baykal, F., 1947, Istranca masifinin jeolojisi : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 1,7- 43.

  • Ramdohr, P., 1975, Die Erzmineralien und ihre Werwachsungen : Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1205 s.

  • Reverdâtto, V.V., 1973, The facies öf contact metamorphism: Geol. Publ., Canberra (Australian National Univ.), 233,193 s.

  • Sergeeva, L.A., Nachev, I.K. ve Malikov, I.G., 1979, On the Paleozoic age of the metamorphic rocks in Stranca: Rev. Bulgarian Geol. Soc, 40/1, 10-17, (Bulgarca, ingilizce özet).

  • Taner, M.F., 1981, Şükrüpaşa (Demirköy - Kırklareli) çevresinde jeolojik, petrografik inceleme ve cevherleşme üzerine görüşler: M.T.A. Enst. Maden Etüd Rap. no 1777, Yayınlanmamış.

  • Yalçınlar, t, 1976, Türkiye jeolojisine giriş (Paleozoyik açısmdan) : Î.Ü. Edebiyat Fak. Yayını no 2089, 21 - 24.

  • Yücelay, A., 1981, Kırklareli-Demirköy- İkiztepeler Cu, Mo ve W madeni sahasına ait jeoloji ön raporu : M.T.A. Enst Maden Etüd Rap. no. 1719, yayınlanmamış.

  • Petrology of the Gördes Volcanics (Manisa) and Their Original Implication
    Tuncay Ercan
    View as PDF

    Abstract: Petrologic analyses of the volcanics in Gördes (Manisa) region is used in interpretation of origin andplate tectonics of Western Anatolia. Late Miocene volcanisoa is dacitic, rhyodaeitic and rhyolitic with a calcalkaline affinity. Petrochemical characteristics of the Gördes volcanics point out to the fact that they might be originatedfrom continental crust as a result of anatexis.

  • dacitic

  • rhyolitic

  • Late Miocene

  • Manisa

  • Ayan, M., 1973, Gördes migmatitleri: Maden Tetkik Arama Enst. Derg., 81,132 -155.

  • Bayramgil, O., 1954, Gördes pegmatitlerinin mineralojik etüdü : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült. 5/2,54 - 70.

  • Bergo, G., 1965, Sındırgı bölgesinin volkanizması: Maden Tetkik Arama Enst. Rap., yayınlanmamış.

  • Birand, Ş.A., 1953, Gördes civarında dikkati çekici bazı mineral ve taşlar: Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 4/2, 33-36.

  • Borsi, S., Ferrara, G., înnocenti, F., ve Mazzuoli, R., 1972, Geochronology and petrology of recent volcanics of Eastern Aegean Sea : Bulletin Volcanologique, 36 -1> 473-496.

  • Ercan, T., Dinçel, A., Metin, S., Türkecan, A., ve Günay, E., 1978, Uşak yöresindeki Neojen havzalarının jeolojisi: Türkiye Jeoloji Kur. Bült., 21, 97 -106.

  • Ercan, T., 1979; Batı Anadolu, Trakya ve Ege adalarındaki Senozoyik volkanizması: Jeoloji Müh. Derg., 9 23-46.

  • Ercan, T., Dinçel, A., ve Günay, E., 1979, Uşak volkanitleriftin Petrolojisi ve plaka tektoniği açısından Ege bölgesindeki yeri : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült, 22, 185-198.

  • Ercan, T., ve Günay, E., 1981; Söke yöresindeki Tersiyer volkanizması ve bölgesel yayılımı : Jeomorfoloji Dergisi, 10,117 -137.

  • Ercan, T., 1981; Kula yöresinin jeolojisi ve volkanitlerin petrolojisi: Doktora tezi, İstanbul Üniv. Yerbilimleri Fak. İstanbul, 168 pp.

  • Gottini, V., 1968; The TiO2 Frequency in volcanic rocks : Geol. Rdsch., 57, 930 - 935.

  • Gottini, V., 1969, Serial character of the volcanic rocks of Pantelleria : Bulletin Volcanologique, 3, 818 - 827.

  • Hamilton, W.U., ve Strickland, H.E., 1841; On the geology of the Western part of Asia Minör : Transactions of the Geol. Soc. of London, 2, 6,110 -120.

  • Irvine, T.N., ve Baragar, W.R.A., 1971; A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks : Can. Jour. Earth. Seien, 8,523 - 548.

  • Înnocenti, F. ve Mazzuoli, R., 1972, Petrology of the Izmir - Karaburun volcanic area: Bulletin volcanologique, 36-1,83-103.

  • Jakes, P. ve White, A.J.R., 1972; Major and Trace element abundances in volcanic rocks of orogenic areas : Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 83,29 - 40.

  • Keller, J., 1969, Origin of rhyolites, by anatectic melting of granitic crustal rocks : Bulletin Volcanologique, 33/3, 942 - 959.

  • Keller, J., ve Villari, 1972; Rhyolitic ignimbrite in the regi-1 on of Afyon (Central Anatolia) : Bulletin Volcanologique, 36, 342 - 358.

  • Kuno, H., 1960; High-Alumina basalt : Journal of Petrology, 1,121 -145.

  • Macdonald, G.A. ve Katsura, J., 1964, Chemical composition of Hawaiian lavas : Journal of Petrology, 5, 82 133.

  • Miyashiro, A., 1975; Classification, characteristics and origin of ophiolites : Journal of Geology, 83, 249-281.

  • Nebert, K., 1961; Gördes (Batı Anadolu) bölgesindeki Neojen volkanizması hakkında bazı bilgiler : Maden Tetkik Arama Enst. Derg. 57, 50 - 54.

  • Özgenç, t., 1978, Cuma ovası (Izmir) asit volkanitlerinde saptanan iki ekstrüzyon aşaması arasındaki göreli yaş ilişkisi: Türkiye Jeoloji Kur. Bült., 21/1, 31 - 34.

  • Peecerillo, A., ve Taylor, J.R., 1976; Geochemistry of Upper Cretaceous volcanic rocks from the Pontic chain, Northern Turkey : Bulletin Volcanologique 39/4, 557

  • Philippson, A., 1913; Das volkan gebiet von Kula in Lydien, die Katokekaumene der Alten : Pet. Geog. Mitt, 2, 237-241.

  • Poldervaart, 1964; Chemical definition of alkali basalts and tholeiites : Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 75 229 - 232.

  • Rittmann, A., 1952, Nomenclature of volcanic rocks: Bulletin Volcanologique^ 12* 75 -102.

  • Rittmann, A., 1953; Magmatic character and tectonic position of the indonçsian volcanoes : Bulletin Volcanologique, 14, 45-58.

  • Rittmann, A., 1962; Volcanoes and their activity: John Wiley and Sons, Newyork, London, 305 pp.

  • Savaşçın, Y., 1978; Foça - Urla Neojen volkanitlerinin mineralojik jeokimyasal incelenmesi ve kökensel yorumu: Doçentlik tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Yerbilimleri Fakültesi, İzmir, 64 pp.

  • Streckeisen, A., 1967, Classification and nomenclature of igneous rocks : N. Jb. Miner. Abh., 107, 2-3, 144 - 240

  • Sunder, M., 1979; Kırka (Eskişehir) ve çevresinin jeolojisi, petrolojisi ve Sarıkaya Borst yataklarının jeokimyasal incelenmesi : Doktora tezi, İstanbul Üniv. Fen Fakültesi, Yayınlanmamış.

  • Thornton, C.P., ve Tuttle, D.F., 1960, Chemistry of igneous rocks, Part : 1, Differentiation index : Amer. Jour. Scien, 258, 664 - 684.

  • Turner, F.J. ve Verhoogen, J., 1960, Igneous and metamorphic petrology : Me. Graw - Hill Book co. Inc. Newyork, 450s.

  • Tuttle, O.F. ve Bowen, N.L., 1958, Origin of granite in the light of experimental studies in the system NA1 Si3d8 , SiO2 , KA1 Si3O8 , KgO : Geol. Soc. Amer. Memoir, 74,153 s.

  • Wager, L.R., I960; The Major element variation of the layers series of the Skaergaard intrusion : Jour, of Petrology, 1, 364 - 398.

  • Winkler, H.G.F., 1967, Petrogenesis of metamorphic rocks : 2 nd ed. Berlin, Springer, 220 s.

  • Yamasaki, M., 1956; Petrogenetic Significance of the K^O/ JXs^O ratios of volcanic rocks of Fuji and Nasu volcanic Zones in Japan : Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan : 62, 504 - 514.

  • Yağmurlu, F., 1982, Akhisar doğusu Neojen tortullarının depolanma ortamları ve kömür yatakları ile olan ilişkisi : Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, Bildiri özetleri Kitabı, 55 - 56, Ankara.

  • Yılmaz, H., 1977; Beğenler, Geçtin köylerinin Kuzeybatı yöresi (Gördes) stratigrafik, Tektonik ve Petrografik incelenmesi : Ege Üniv. Fen Fakültesi Derg., A, 1, 2, 143-169.

  • Yılmaz, Y., ve Şengör, A.M.C., 1982, Eğede kabuk evrimi ve Neo - mağmatizmanın kökeni : Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı Bildiri Özetleri Kitabı 64 - 65.

  • Yoder, H.S. ve Tilley, C.E., 1962; Origin of basalt magmas, an experimental study of natural and synthetic rock systems : Journal of Petrology, 3, 342 - 532.

  • Interpretation of Groundwater Level Fluctuations in Erzin and Dörtyol Plains.
    Vedat Doyuran
    View as PDF

    Abstract: In order to investigate the influence of various recharge and discharge conditions on the behaviourof the aquifer and also to evaluate present groundwater management practices in Erzin and Dörtyol plains the hydrographs of seven observation wells were studied.The well hydrographs show excellent correlation with the dry and wet periods. In spite of excessive irrigationpumpage since 1974, the groundwater reserves of Erzin plain have not been affected significantly. Starting from 1976,which also corresponds to the beginning of the wet years, the groundwater levels have risen steadily in both plains.During the period 1974 -1978 the groundwater levels in Erzin plain show an average rise of 10 m and in Dörtyol ?lainabout 4 m.The present groundwater management practice seems to be quite adequate for Erzin plains. However, in the longterm, with the present groundwater management policy, the groundwater levels in Dörtyol plain may show a general decline and also produce an undesirable salt water intrusion problems.

  • groundwater

  • Dörtyol plain

  • Erzin plain

  • aquifer

  • De Ridder, N. A., 1974, Groundwater survey; Drainage principles and applications, Surveys and Investigations: International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, Wageningen, Hollanda, 16, cilt III

  • Doyuran, V., 1980, Erzin - Dörtyol ovalarının hidrojeolojisi ve yeraltısuyu işletme çalışmaları: Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Ankara, Doçentlik Tezi, 88 s, yayımlanmamış.

  • Freeze, R. A., ve Cherry, J. A., 1979, Groundwater : Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 604 s.

  • Heath, R. C, 1976, Design of ground - water level observation - well program: Ground Water, 14, 2, 71 - 77.

  • Law, A. G., 1974, Stochastic analysis of groundwater level time series in the Western United States: Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, Hydrology Papers No. 68, 26 s.

  • Rao, D. B., Krizek, R. J., ve Karadi, G. M., 1971, Drawdown in a well group along a straight line: Ground Water, 9, 4, 12-18.

  • Toth, J., 1972, Properties and manifestations of regional groundwater movement: International Geological Congress, 24 th Session, Montreal, Canada, SecV`on 11, Hydrogeology, 153-163.

  • Tschauda (Bakunian) Bivalves of Hamzakoy Formation, Gelibolu Peninsula
    Güler Taner
    View as PDF

    Abstract: Pliocene deposits extending along Dardanelles are overlain by Quaternary sediment which may bebest observed in Hamzakoy, nort of Gelibolu town. These sediment contain a rich and very well preserved fauna ofTschauda (Bakunian) Mollusc which characterize the Ponto - Caspic basin of Eastern Paratethys.

  • Gelibolu Peninsula

  • Mollusc

  • Hamzakoy

  • Pliocene deposits

  • Andrussow, N., 1897, Fossile und lebende Dreissensidae Eurasiens : Ext. des Trav. de la Soc. Nat. de St. Geol. vt de Min., Vol. XXV.

  • Eichwald, E, 1841, Fauna Caspio - Caucasia, Petropoli Nouv. Mem. de la Soc. des Natural. Tom. VII, 1 - 83.

  • Erol, O. ve Nuttal, C.P., 1973, Çanakkale Yöresinin bazı denizel Kuvaterner depoları : Coğrafya Araştırma Dergisi. Sayı 5 - 6.

  • Federov, P.V., 1977, Correlation schema of the Pleistocene of the Pontocaspian, Mediterranean and Russian plau. Xth Inqua Congress, 134.

  • Hangau, E., 1966, Studiul Stratigraphic al Pliocenului Dmtre Vaile Telejen şi Prahova : Rep. Soc. Romania Inst. Ge*ol. Studn Tehnica şı Economice, Seria J., Nr. 2.

  • Linne, 1758, Systema Naturae : Ed. X, Vol. I, Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 823 s.

  • Nalivkin, D., 1915, Die Mollusken des Berges Bakustufe : Mem. du Com. Geol. Nouvelle s&rie. Livrasion 116.

  • Nevesskaja, L.A., 1958, Quatazeitliche marine Mollusken Türkmenien : Akad. Wiss. USSR. Paleon. Inst. Bd. 65.

  • Nevesskaja, L.A., 1963, Bestimmunstabelle zweiklappiger Mollusken mariner Quartarsedimente des Schwarzmeerbeckens : Akad. der Wissen. USSR, Arbeit d. Paleon. Inst. Bd. 96.

  • Olivi, G., 1792, Zoologica adriatica : 334 s, tav. 9.

  • Pallas, 1771, Reise Russische Reichalt : 1, Bulletin, 478 s

  • Pavlov, A.P., 1925, Depots neogenes et quaternaires de FEuro pa m^ridionale et orientate : M6m.de la Soc. Gaol. Livrasion, 5.

  • Pfannestiel, M., 1944, Die diluvialen Entwicklungsstadien und die Urgeschichte von Dardanelles Marmoramedi und Bosphorus : Geologischen Rundschau, Bd. XXXIV, Heft 7/8, 343-424.

  • Stefanescu, S., 1896, Terrains Tertiaires de Roumanie Faune*» Sarmatique, Pontique et Levantine : Mem. Soc. Geol Franc. Tom. VI, Nr. 15.

  • Taner, G., 1982, Die Molluskenfauna und pliozâne Stratigraphie des Halbinsel - Gelibolu : Comminications de la Fac, des Sciences de FUniversit£ d`Ankara, Cl Geol. T. 25. s.

  • Wassoewitch, N., 1929, Notes paleontologique sur les depots pliocenes et posttertiaires de la presquile de Taman: Bull, du Comite G6ol. Bd. XLVTI.

  • Wenz, W., 1942, Die Mollusken des Pliozâns der rumanischon Erdol - Gebiete : Senkenbergiana Bd. 24, Num. 1 -6, 293 s.

  • Taxonomic Revision of the Lower Jurassic (Liassic) Phylloceratids of Northern Turkey (part II)
    Hayriye Füsun Alkaya
    View as PDF

    Abstract: The species representing the family Phylloceratidae in the Liassic rocks of northern Anatolia are hereplaced in four genera : Phylloceras Suess, Partschiceras Fucini, Hantkeniceras Kovacs, and CalMphylioceras Spath. Thespecies referred to Phylloceras are P.(Phylioceras) frondosum, P(P). lipoldi, P(P). hebertinum, P(P). meneghini,PCZetoceras) zetes, P(Z). pseudozetes, PCZ). bonarellii, P(Z). oenotrium* P(Z). lavizzarii, P(Z)?. anatolicum. Their systematic descriptions were given in the part I (*).CalMphylioceras is represented by a single species, C. bicicolae, in the Upper Sinemurian - Lower Pliensbachian rocks of the Bilecik, Amasya and Gümüşhane - Bayburt regions, in northern Anatolia. Previously reported speciesC. emeryi, C. alontinum, C. geyeri, C. bettonii are regarded synonyms of C. bicicolae. Partschiceras is represented bya single species, P. striatocostatum, and Hantkeniceras by three species, H. cf.hantkeni, H. pseudocalais, H. sp.

  • Phylloceratidae

  • Northern Turkey

  • Lower Jurassic

  • Bilecik

  • Alkaya, F., 1982, Kuzey Anadolu Alt Jura (Liyas) Phylloceratidlerinin taksonomik revizyonu (I. bölüm) : Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 25, 31 - 40.

  • Arkell, W., 1957, Moore, R.C., ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L, Mollusca 4, Cephalopoda, Am* monoidea, da : Geol Soc. America ve Univ. Kansas Press.

  • Bettoni, A., 1900, Fossili domeriani della Provincia di Brescia : Mem. Soc. Pal. Suisse, 27.

  • Canavari, M., 1888, Contribuzione alia Fauna del Lias inferiore di Spezia : Mem. Carta. Geol. Italia, 3, 57 - 227

  • Cantaluppi, G., 1966, Fossili sinemuriani nel «Corso Bianco» ad Est di Brescia : Atti. 1st. Geol. Univ. Pavia, 1?, 103-120.

  • Cantaluppi, G., 1967, Le Ammoniti domeriane della ;Val Ceppelline (Suello - Prealpi Lombade) : Atti 1st. Geol. Univ. Pavia, 18,1 - 50.

  • Cantaluppi, G. ve Montânari, L., 1969, Carixiano superioce e suo passaggio al Domeriano a NW di Arzo (Canton Ticino) : Boll. Soc. Ital., 7 (1968), 57 - 77.

  • Cantaluppi, G. ve Montanari, L., 1973, Q uadro biostratigrafico conclusivo del Carixiano e suo passaggio al Domeriano nelle Prealpi lombarde occidentali: Boll. Soc. Paleont. Ital., 10,43 - 74.

  • Cantaluppi, G. ve Savi, A., 1968, Le Ammoniti di Molino Grasso d`Olona (Varesotto). Riflessi biostratigrafici sul Domeriano ed il suo limite superiore : Atti Soc. `ital! Sc. Nat, 107, 205 - 261.

  • Del Campana, D., 1900, I Cefalopodi del Medolo di Valtrompia : Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., 19, 555 - 642.

  • Fantini Sestini, N., 1962, Contribute) allo studio delle Ammoniti del Domeriano di Monte Dumaro (Brescia) : Riv. Ital. Paleont. Strat., 68,483 - 554.

  • Fantini Sestini, N., 1971, II genere Partsehiceras (Ammonoidea) nel Lias : Riv. Ital. Paleont. Strat., 77, 377 • 408.

  • Fantini Sestini, N., 1974, Phylloeeratina (Ammonoidea) del Pliensbaehiano Italiano : Riv. Ital. Paleont. Strat, 80, 193 - 250.

  • Fantini, N. ve Paganoni, G., 1953, Studi paleontoloci sul Lias del Monte Albenza. Ammoniti del Lotharingiano e del Domeriano : Riv. Ital. Paleont. Strat., 59, 63 - 88

  • Fucini, A., 1899, Ammoniti del Lias medio dell`Appennino centrale esistenti nel Museo di Pisa : Palaeont. îtalica, 5,145 -186.

  • Fucini, A., 1901 -1905, Cefalopodi liassici del Monte di Cetona : Palaeont. Italica, 7, 1.-89; 8, 131-218; 9, 125- 185; 10,275-289; 11,93-146.

  • Fucini, A., 1908a, Synopsis delle Ammoniti del Medolo : Atti Soc. Tosc. Sc. Nat., 28.

  • Fucini, A., 1923, Fossili domeriani dei dintorni di Toarmij na : Palaeont. Italica, 26 (1920), 75 -116.

  • Geczy, B., 1967, Ammonoides jurassiques de Csernye, Montagne Bakony, Hongrie. Part II (excl. Hammatoeeratidae) : Geologica hung., Ser. palaeont., 35

  • Geczy, B., 1972, Ammonite fauna from the Lower Jurassic standart profile at Lokut, Bakony Mountains, Hungary : Ann. Univ. Sci. Rol. Eötvös, 15.

  • Geyer, G., 1886, Über die liasischen Cephalopoden des Hierlatz bei Hallstatt : Abh. geol. Reichsanst, 12, 4, 213- 287.

  • Geyer, G., 1893, Die mittelliasisehen Cephalopoden des Hinter - Schafberges in Oberösterreich : Abh. geol. Reic* hast, 15, 4,1 - 76.

  • Gugenberger, O., 1936, I Cefalopodi del Lias inferiore della Montagna del Casale in provincia di Palermo (Sicilia) ; Palaeont. Ital., 36,135 - 213.

  • Haas, O., 1913, Die Fauna des mittleren Lias von Ballino im Stidtirol: Beitr. Palaont. Geol. Österr. - Ungarn n Orient, 26, 1 -161.

  • Kovacs, L., 1942, Monographic der liassischen Ammonites des nördlichen Bakony : Geol. Hungarica, ser. Palaeont., 17,1 - 220.

  • Meneghini, G., 1853, Nuovi fossili toscani illustrati dal Prof. Meneghini. Appendice alle considerazioni sulla geologia stratigrafica toscana dei Professori Cavaliere P. Savi e G. Meneghini : Ann. Univ. tosc, 3, 1-40

  • Meneghini, G., 1867 -1881, Monographic des fossiles du cal caire rouge ammonitique (Lias superieur) de Lornbardie et de FAppennin central (1-84); Revision systematique (185-242); Fossiles du Medolo. Appen dice a la monographic (1-56) in : Stoppani, A (ed) ı Paleontologie lombarde, 4 ser.

  • Monestier, J., 1934, Ammonites du Domerien de la region SE de TAveyron et de quelches regions de la Lozera a l`exclusion des Amaltheides : Mem. Soc. Geol. France, 10, mem. 23.

  • Negri, L., 1933 -1936, Revisione delle ammoniti liassiche della Lombarbardia occidentale : Palaeont. Ital., 34 85-136; 36,1-57.

  • Pia, J., 1913, Über eine mittelliasische Cephalopodenfauna aus dem nördostlichen Kleinasien : Ann. k.k. Naturhist. Hofmus., 27, 335 - 388.

  • Pompeckj, J.F., 1897, Palaontologische und stratigraphüche Notizen aus Anatolien : Zeitsch. Deutsch. Geol. Ges., 49, 713 - 828.

  • Renz, C, 1920, Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Juraformation im Gebiet des Monte Generoso (Kanton Tessin) : :Ecldgae geol. Helv., 15, 523 - 584.

  • Reynes, P., 1879, Monographic des Ammonites. Atlas de 53 planches : Paris (Bailliere, Savy), Marseille (Camoin).

  • Rosenberg, P., 1909, Die Liasische Cephalopodenfauna der Kratzalpe im Hagengebirge : Beitr. Geol. Pal. Oster. Ungarns u. Orients, 22,193 - 345.

  • Schroder, J., 1927, Die Ammoniten der Jurassischen Fleckenmergel in der Bayerischen Alpen : Palaeontographica,68,lll-232.

  • Relationship Between Resistivity and Stress - Strain
    Ahmet Ercan
    View as PDF

    Abstract: Many of the geoelectrical measurements being made in connection with earthquake prediction studiesare based on the concept that these properties are influenced by stress or strain build up, especialyso near the failure point. Electrical properties of rocks are controlled by the fluid in the pores and craks of the rocks and, sincethis is the fraction of a rock most influenced by stresses, one should expect electrical measurements to be sensitivemeasures of changing stresses and strains. The strain changes that one is dealing with in there studies, however, arevery small (i.e. in the order of 10"4) and even though the electrical responses can amplify the effect great sensitivityis needed in making the measurements. Because, the estimated change in resistivity is only as much as 1% percent.Some important aspects to examine are depth of occurrances and factors influencing electrical properties insedimantary rocks, laboratory experiments to determine strain - resistivity relationship and careful studies of all previous work completed in this field of interest.

  • earthquake

  • Resistivity

  • Stress

  • electrical

  • Archie, G.E., 1982, The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics: Trans. AIME, 146, 54 - 61.

  • Brace, W.F., Orange, A.S. and Madden, T.R., 1965, The effect of pressure on the electrical resistivity of water saturated crystalline rocks, Jour. Geophys. Res. 70, 5669 - 5678.

  • Brace, W.F., Paulding B.W., Jr., and Scholz, C, 1966, Di latancy in the fracture of Crystalline rocks, Jour. Geophys. Res., 71, 3939 - 3953.

  • Brace. W.F., and Orange, A.S., 1968, Electrical resistivity changes in saturated rocks during fracture and frictional sliding: J.G.R., 73 (4), 1433-1445.

  • Brace, W.F., 1971, Resistivity of saturated crustal rocks to 40 km based on laboratory meassurements; G.G. Heacock, dd. the structure and Physical Properties of the Earth`s Crust.: AGU, Washington, D.C. Geophys. Monog. Ser. Vol. 14,

  • Brace, W.F., 1974, Electrical resistivity of sandstone, Final report to Defense Nuclear Agency, contract no. DNA - 001 - 74 - C - 0057, 40 pages,

  • Ezen, Ü., 1981, Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonunda Deprem Kaynak parametrelerinin Manyitüdle ilişkisi, Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü Bülteni, 32, 53 - 77.

  • Fitterman, D., 1976, Theoretical resistivity variations along stressed strike-slip faults, Jour. Geophy. Res., 81, 4909-4915.

  • Hadley, K., 1975, Dilatancy, further studies in crystalline rock, Ph. D Thesis, M.I.T.

  • Madden, T.R., 1976, Near surface electrical properties as a guids to mechanical properties, Final report to Air For,ce research Lab; Contract no. F -19628 - 72 - C - 0182.

  • Madden, T.R., 1976, Near surface electrical properties of rock; as a guide to mechanical properties. Final report to Air Force Research Lab: Contract no. P * 19628 - 76 - C - 0070.

  • Madden, T.R., 1980, High sensitivity monitoring of resistivity and self potential variations in the Palmdale and Hollister areas for earthquake prediction studies; Sem. Ann. report, to U.S.G.S, Contract No. 14 - 08 - 0001 -16724, M.I.T., E.P.S., 15 pages (unpublished)

  • Morrison. H.F., and Chang, M., 1977, High - accuracy determination of temporal variation of crustal resistivity: Geophy. Monog. 20, the Crust, A.G.U., 593- 614.

  • Morrison, H.F., Fernandez R. and Corwin, R.F., 1979, Earth resistivity, self potential variations, and earthquakes; a negative result for M: 4.0: Geophysical Research Letters, 6., 3., 139 -142.

  • Quist, A.S., and Marshall, W.L., 1968, Electrical conductance of aqueous Sodium chloride solutions from o to 800° and at pressures to 4000 bars. Jour. Phys. Chem., 72, 684.

  • Rikitake, T., 1975, Statistics of the earth`s crust and pro bability of earthquake occurrence: Tectonophysics, 26,1-21.

  • Scholz, C.H., Sykes, L.R. ve Aggarwal, Y.P. 1973, Earthquake prediction: A physical basis: Science, 181 (4102), 808 - 810.

  • Yamazaki, Y, 1967, Electrical conductivity of strained rocks. The third paper. A resistivity variometer: Bull. Res. Inst, 45, 849 - 860.

  • First Cu Datings and Late Holocene Tectonic Events on the Mediterranean Coastline, West of Alanya, Southern Turkey.
    Dieter Kelletat İlhan Kayan
    View as PDF

    Abstract: There are some old coastal traces 0.5 1.3 m higher than the present sea-level along the Mediterranean coastine between «Fığla burnu» and «Malta burnu» about 20 km west of Alanya. These are coastal platformswhich are formed by bioerosion of some gastropods such at Littorina and Patella. There are also bio - constructive rimson the surfaces and along the outer edges of the platform formed by calcareous algae. Some calcareous algae samplesfrom the 0.5 m elevaıed surface of the bio - crosional platforms are dated using C1 4 method. These datings showedthat the algae lived in the period between 2690 -1545 years before present on the platforms. A neo - tectonic eventwhich happened at about 1550 years before present, caused upheaval of these former platforms about 6.5 -1.2 m. Therefore, the algae died and their biological actions finished on the platforms. This event coincides with the seismo - tectonic upheaval of the coastlines of the southern Aegen island arc that is proved by other geomorphological studiesand C1 4 datings. Afterwards, nev bio - erosionai platforms and bio - constructive rims began to develop at the presentsea-level. Formation of these features is still continuing today.

  • C14

  • bioerosion

  • calcareous algae

  • Alanya

  • Dalongeville, R. ve Sanlaville, P., 1979, Rivages Holocenes de Turquie m^ridionale: Bull, de Lab. Rhodanien de Geomorph., No. 4 - 5, 5 -15.

  • Hafemann, D., 1965, Die Niveauverândeı ungen an den Küsten Kretas seit dem Altertum nebst einigen Bemer* kungen über âl tere Strandbildungen auf Westkreta: Akad. Wiss. Lit. Mainz, Abh. math. - naturwiss. Klasse 12, 605 - 688.

  • Kayan, t., Kelletat, D., Venzke, J.F., Erlâuterungen zur küstenmorphologischer Karte der Region Karaburun - Fığla Burnu westlich Alanya, Türkei: Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe A (Naturwissenschaften), 90 s, Wiesbaden (basılmakta).

  • Kelletat, D., 1979 Geomorphologische Studien an den Küsten Kretas: Beitrâge zur regionalen Küstenmorphologie. Abh. Akad. Wiss. in Göttingen, Mathem. -Physik. Klasse, Dritte Folge, No. 32,105 s., Göttingen.

  • Pirazzoli, P.A., 1977, Sea level relative variations in the world during the last 2000 years: Zeitschr. f. Geomorph., N.F. 21, 3, 284 - 296.

  • Pirazzoli, P.A., 1979, Encoches de corrosion marine dans Tare hellgnique: Oceanis, 5, fasc. H.S., 327 - 334.

  • Pirazzoli, P.A., 1980, Formes de corrosion marine et vestiges archeologiques submerges: interpretation neotectonique de quelques examples en Grece et en Yougoslavie: Ann, Inst. Oceanogr. Paris, 56, 77 - 88.

  • Thommeret, Y., Thommeret, J., Laborel, J., Montaggioni, L.F., Pirazzoli, P.A., 1981, Late Holocene shoreline changes and seismo - tectonic displacements in Western Crete (Greece): Zeitschr. f. Geomorph., N.F, Suppl. Bd. 40,127 -149.

  • ISSUE FULL FILE
    View as PDF