Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni
Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

1978 ŞUBAT Cilt 21 Sayı 1
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CONTENTS
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Relations of Observed Mineral Assembleges to The Evolution of Borate Deposits in Western Anatolia
Işik Özpeker Kemal İnan
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Abstract: Turkish borate deposits are products of lacustrine chemical precipitation which took place during theend of Tertiary in the Western Anatolia. In view of the existing mineral assembleges, it may be stated that thosedeposits were not subjected to any high temperature and pressure. It should be noted, however, that fallowing theburrial the primary minerals were replaced by more stable once. B2O3, Na 2O and CaO are by large the most importantcomponents in the developments of Turkish borate beds. SrO, MgO and As 2O8 are of secondary importance. 

  • borate deposits

  • Tertiary

  • mineral deposits

  • Western Anatolia

  • Baysal, O., 1972, Sarıkaya (Kırka) borat yataklarının mineralojik ve jenetik incelenmesi. Hacettepe Univ., 157 S.

  • Baysal, O., 1973, Sarıkaya (Kırka) borat yataklarının oluşumu. Türkiye Madencilik Bil. ve Tek. Kongr. Bül., 255-277.

  • Baysal, O., ve Ataman, G., 1975, Türkiye`de yeni bir bor minerali Kernit ve oluşumunun tartışılması T.J.K. Bül. Cilt 18, sayı 7, S. 3-10.

  • Bekisoglu, K. A., 1962, Türkiye bor yatakları ve bunların arzettiği ehemmiyet. Türkiye Tic. Oda. Sa. Oda ve Tic. Borsa Birliği, Maden Komisyonu.

  • Bowser, J. C, 1964, Geochemistry and Petrology of sodium borate in non-marine evaporate environments, ph. D. Thesis Univ. Calif., Los Angeles.

  • Brinkmann, R., 1971, The geology of western Anatolia Geology and History of Turkey. S. 171-190. Petrol. Explo. Soc. Libya, Tripali.

  • Helvacı, C, Firman, R. X, 1976, Geological setting and mineralogy of Emet borate deposits, Turkey inst. Mining and met. Vol. 15 pp. B142-152.

  • Gawlik, J., 1966, The borate deposit of the Emet Neogene basin. M. T. A. Derleme no 2479.

  • înan, K., 1972, New borate district, Eskigehir-Kirka province, Turkey Inst. Mining and Met., Vol 81, p. B 163-166.

  • İnan, K., 1975 a, Sulu bor mineral yataklarının oluğum modeli. T.J.K., Bül, Cilt 18, S. 165-168.

  • înan, K., 1975 b, Su taşıyıcı bor mineralleri arasındaki denge ilişkileri. T.B.T.A.K. V. Bil. Kongr. Tebliğ özeti S. 293.

  • înan, K., Dunham, A. C, Esaon, J, 1973, The Mineralogy geochemistry and origin of the Kırka borate deposit, Eskişehir province, Turkey, înst., Mining and Met., Vol. 82, p. B 114-123.

  • Meixner, H., 1953 a, Neue Turkische boratlagerstaetten. Berg. V. Huttenmaen, Monatsh. Vol. 98. p. 86-92.

  • Meixner, H., 1953 b, Mineralogische beobachtungen und colemanlt inyoit, meyerhofferlt, terschit und ulekslt aus der Turklschen boratlagerstaetten. Heidelberger Beitr. Mineralog H. Ptrog. Vol. 3, S. 445-455.

  • Negro, A. D., Kumbasar, I., Ungaretti, L.., 1973, The Crystal Structure of Teruggite. Ara. Mln., Vol. 53. p. 1034-1043

  • Özpeker, I., 19G8, Batı Anadolu borat yataklarının mukayeseli genetik etüdü. Doktora tezi. Î.T.Ü.

  • Özpeker, I., 1973, Borun kullanımı, tüketimi ve ulusal gelire katkı olanağı. Türkiye Madencilik Bilimsel Tek. III. Kongr. S. 313-324.

  • Watanabe, T., 1964, Geochemical Cycle and Concentration of boroıı in the earth crust. Geochemistry and anal. Chem. U.S.S.R. Vol. 12, p. 167-177.

  • Volcanic Paleoenvironment and Examples of Sedimentary Incidences at Tertiary Beşkonak Lake (Northern Anatolia - Turkey)
    Jean-Olaude Paicheler
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    Abstract: Kızılcahamam Beşkonak region is situated in Northern Anatolia which is attributed to the southernmargin of European Continent. Geological history between Cretaceous and Pliocene is an alternation of volcanic andtectonic events. This instability gave little chances to installation and establishment of lacustrine sedimentary basins.In a relatively disactive short duration of the magmatie activity of "Galatian Andesite Massive" a lacustrine regime,in which different and rich variety fauna and flora developed, were placed in Beşkonak volcanic deppresion.Sedimentary facieses in one hand and intraformational structures (underwater slumps, pseudonodules and clasticdykes) in other hand are expressions of sedimentation in versant basins. All these parameters define volcano-biosedimentary system as environmental type.Subject of research based initialy to paleoecologic and paleogeographic analysis enlarged by comprehension ofdinamics of volcanism, a phenomenon accompanied, and analysis of pyroclastic products. Utilisation of results presentscertain contributions in the fields of stratigraphy and paleogeography as well as paloecology. 

  • Galatian Andesite Massive

  • Pliocene

  • paleoecologic

  • pyroclastic

  • Andrieux, 1., 1967, Etude de quelques filons clastiques intraformationels du flysch albo-aptien des zones externes du Bif (Maroc), Bull. Soc. Geol. de France (7), C. ES, s. 844-849.

  • Beaudoln, B., 1972, Contribution â l`appllcatlon des methodes de 1`analyse sedimentaire, â la reconstltutioıı d`un bassin de sedimentation. Exemple du Jurassique terminal-Berriasien des Chaines Subalpines meridionales, These de Docteur Ingenieur, 143 s., Caen.

  • Chaput, E., 1931, Notice explicative de la carte geologique au 1/135 000 de la region d`Angora (Ankara), Bull. Fac. Sc. Univ. İstanbul, No. 7/3, s. 1-46.

  • Dana, J. D., 1849, Geology, United States exploring expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N., C. 10, 756 s.. Philadelphia.

  • Darwin, C, 1851, Geological observations on coral reefs, volcanic islands on South America, Part III, London, Smith Elder Co.

  • Diller, J. C, 1890, Sandstone dikes, BuH. Geol. Soc. of America, C. I., s. 411-442.

  • Dzulynsky, St., ve Radomski, A., 1956, Clastic dikes in the Carpathian Flysch, Ann. Soc. Geol. Pologne, 26, s. 22B-284

  • Fourquin, C, 1966, Rocks composed of volcanic fragments ana their classification, Earth Sc. Rev., fas. 1, s. 187-198.

  • Fourquin, C, 1975, L`Anatolie du NW, marge sud du continent europeen histoire paleogeographique, structurale et magmatique, Buil. Soc. Geol. de France,), dizi, C. XVII, No C.

  • Fourquin, C, Paicheler, J. C, ve Sauvage, J., 1970, Premieres donnees sur la stratigrapie du

  • Gottis, C, 1953, Les filons clastiques intraformationelles du flysch numidien tunisien, Boill. Soc. Geol. de France, 6. dizi, C. Ill, Fas. 9, s. 775-783.

  • Harms, J. C.> 196 5Sandstone dikes in relation to Lamaride faults and stress distribution in the southern Front Range, Colorado, BuU. Soc. GeoL of America, C. 76, No. 9, s. 981-1002.

  • Jenkins, O. P., 1925, Clastic dikes of eastern Washington and their geologic significance, Am. Journal of Sc, (5), 10, s. 234-246.

  • Kuenen, P. H., 1958, Experiments in geology, Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, 23, s. 1-28.

  • Leonhard, R., 1903, Geologische Skizze des galatischen Andesigebietes nördlisch von Ankara, N. Jb. Min. B., 16, s. 99-109.

  • Lombard, A., 1956, Geologie sedimentaire, les series marines, Ed. Masson, Paris, s. 722.

  • Lawler, T. B., 1923, On the occurences of sandstone dikes and Chalcedony veins in the White River Oligocene, Am. Journ. of Sc., (5), s. 160-172.

  • Macar, P., 1948, Les pseudo-nodules du Famennien et leur origine, Ann. Soc. Geol. Beige, C. LXXVI, s. B 47-74.

  • Macar, P. 1951, Pseudo-nodules en terrains meubles, Ann. Soc. Geol. Belge, C. LXXV, s. 111-115.

  • Macar, P., ve Autun, P., 1950, Pseudo-nodules et glissement sousaquatique dans l`Emsien inferieur de L`oesling (Grand Duche de Luxemboiirg) Ann. Soc. Gâol. Beige, C. LXXI1I, s. B 121-150.

  • Milch, L., 1903, Die Ergussgesteine des Galatischen Andes!tgebietes, N. Jb. Min. B., 16, s. 110-165.

  • Moret, L. 1945, A propos du mode de formation des filons olastiques, Trav. Lab. Geol. TJniv. Grenoble, C. XXV, s. 53-55.

  • Newsom, F. F., 1903, Clastic dikes. Bull. Geol. Soc. of America, C. 14, s. 227.

  • Paicheler, J. C, 1973, Etude paleoecologique et paleolimnologique d`un bassin lacustre tertiaire situe en Anatolie septentrionale (Turquie), Reunion Annuelle des Sciences de la Terre, Paris, s. 326.

  • Paicheler, J. C, 1974, Contribution & l`etude d`un bassin biosedimentaire lacustre tertiaire situe en Anatolie septentrionale (Turquie), Ann. Univ. A.R.E.R.S., Reims, C. 13, Fas. 1, s. 17-23.

  • Paicheler, J. C, 1977, Volkanotortul kayaların sınıflanması, Yeryuvarı ve însan, C. II, s. 3.

  • Peterson, G. L., 1966, Structural interpretation of sandstone dikes, northwest Sacramento Valley, California, Geol. Soc. of America Bull., C. 77, No. 8, s. 833-842.

  • Potter, P. E., ve Petti John, E., 1963, Palecurrents and basin analysis, Springer Verlag, Berlin, s. 296.

  • Potter, P. E., ve Pettijohn, E., 1964, Atlas and glossary of primary sedimentary structures, Springer Verlag, Berlin, s. 370.

  • Pruvost, P., 1943, Filons clastiques. Bull. Soc. Geol. de France, 5. dizi, C. XIII, s. 91-104.

  • Eeineck, H. E., ve Singh, I. B., 1973, Depositional sedimentary environments, Springer Verlag, Berlin, s. 439.

  • Russel, W. L., 1927, The origine of the sandstone dikes of the Black Hills region, Am. Jorn. of Sc, (5), 14, s. 402-408.

  • Shrock, R. R., 1948, Sequence in layered rocks, New York, McGrawHill, s. 507.

  • Smith, A. J., ve Rast, N., 1958, Sedimentary dykes inthe Dalradian of Scotland, Geol. Mag., 95, s. 234-240.

  • Strakov, N. M., 1957, Methodes d`etudes des roches sâdimentaires, Ann. Serv. Inform. Geol., No. 35.

  • Vincent, A., 1975, Etude palynologique des formations tertialres lacustres du bassin de Kızılcahamam (Turquie-Anatolie), These 3eme cycle, Travaux du laboratoire de Paleontologie, Orsay.

  • Vitanage, P. W., 1954, Sandstone dikes in the South Platte area, Colorado, Journ. of Geol., C. 62, s. 493-500.

  • Waterston, C. D., 1950, Note or the sandstone injections of eathe Haven, Cromarty, Geol. Mag., C. 87, s. 133-139.

  • Precisions Upon The Antalya Nappes in The Region of Güzelsu - Akseki (Western Taurus, Turkey)
    Olivier Monod
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    Abstract: Antalya Nappes are shown to be present in a narrow zone between Akseki and Alanya, in contradiction to autochthonous ideas which have been recently put forward again.

  • Antalya Nappes

  • autochthonous

  • Western Taurus

  • Allasinaz, A., Gutnic, M., Poisson, A., 1974, La formation de l`Isparta Çay: calcaires a Halobies, gres a plantes et Radiolarites d`age Triasique superiour (Taurides-Turquie):

  • Blumenthal, M., 1951, Recherches geologiques dans le Taurus Occiden-Tal, dans l`arriere-pays d`Alanya, MTA Yayını, Seri L, No 5, 134 s.

  • Brunn, J. H., Graciansky, P. de, Gutnic, M., Juteau, T., Lefevre, R., Marcoux, X, Monod, O.., Poisson, A., 1971, Structures majeures et correlations atratigraphiques dans les Taurides occidentales: Bull. Soc. Geol. FVance, 7, XII, syf. 515-556.

  • Brunn, J. H., Argyriadis, î., Ricou, L., Poisson, A., Marcoux, J. Graciansky, P. de, 197S, Recherche des elements majeures de liaison entre Hellenides et Taurides: V. Goll. Geol. Reg. Egeennes, Orsay, BSGF, 7, XVIII, s. 2, syf. 481-497.

  • Demirtaşlı, E., Erenler, F., Bilgin, A. Z., Çatal, E., Armağan, F., Serdaroglu, M. Aksoy, ö., Altug, S., Dirik, K., 1977, Manavgat - Köprülü bölgesinin temel jeoloji incelemesi: 31. Türkiye Jeoloji Bilimsel ve Teknik Kongresi özetleri, Ankara.

  • Dumont, J. F., Gutnic, M., Marcoux, J., Monod, O., Poisson, A., 1972, Le Tria sdes Taurides occidentales (Turquie). Definition dil bassin pamphyMen: nouveau domaine a ophiolites a la marge externe de la chaine taurique: Z. Deutsch. Geol. Ges` C. 123, syf. 385-409.

  • Gutnic, M., Poisson, A., 1970, Un dispositif remarquable des chaines tauriques au Sud d`Isparta (Turquie): CR. Ac. Sc Paris, 270

  • Marcoux, J., Delaune-Mayre, M., Parrot, J. F., Poisson, A., 1977, Modele devolution mesozoique de la paleomargre tethysienne dans les nappes du Taurus lycien, d`Antalya et du Bassit: XXV. Congres CÎESM, Split 1976.

  • Monod, O., 1975, La Courbure d`Isparta: une mosaique de blocks autochtones surmontes de nappes composites a la junction de l`arc hellenique et de l`arc taurique: BSGF, 7, XVIII, s. 2.

  • Nebert, K., 1964, Nordbewegungen in sudwestlichen Taurus (südlich Akseki): MTA Derg. s. 62, syf. 12-41.

  • özgül, N., Arpat, E., 1973, Structura hınites of the Taurus orogenic belt and their continuation in neighbouring regions; 23 Cong. CIESM, Athens, Bull. Soc. Geol. Grece, X, syf. 156-164.

  • Ricou, I/. E., Argyriadis, I., Lefevre, R., 1974, Proposition d`une origine interne pour les nappes d`Antalya et Je massif d`Alanya (Taurides occidentales): Bull. S.G.F., 7, XVI, syf. 107.

  • Relative Age of The Two Extrusion Phases of Acidic Volcanic Rocks of Cumaovast (Izmir)
    İsmet Özgenç
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    Abstract: Evidence that the extrusion history involves a younger and an older phase lies in the difference inbulk chemical composition of certain series of glassy rocks, such as perlite, rhyolite from the Cumaovasi domes.Frequency distributions constitute evidence for two groups of rocks on the Cumaovasi domes. The most obviousdifference is in the Rubidium content, one group containing 195--230 ppm Rb the other 300-350 ppm. All of the samplesthat possessed low Rb content were obtained from the Murtat, Mezarkaya, Karakaya, Yongah and Gülyaka, and allthe high Rb samples from the Çamköy, Dikmendağ, Karadağ- and Pilâvtepe.The cluster analysis demonstrate the presence of two entirely different groups of samples. For group I the meansfor A12O3, TiO,,,, MgO, CaO and K2O are higher than in group II, the means for MnO, Na_O and Rb are higherthan in group I.This difference strongly suggests that, if the Cumaovasi domes are the products of granitic magma chamber, thedifferences in composition of the rocks are the resault of magmatic differentiation.

  • volcanic dome

  • rhyolite

  • perlite

  • İzmir

  • Akartuna, M., 1962, Îzmir-Torbalı-Seferihisar-Urla Bölgesinin Jeolojik Etüdü: t.Ü.F.F. monografisi., 8. 18.

  • Barth, T.F.W., 1962, Theoretical Petrology: Second Edition, John Wiley and Sona, New York, p. 416.

  • Borsi, S., Ferrera, 6., Innocent!, F.., Mazzuoli, R., 1972, Geochronology and Petrology of Recent Volcanics of Aegean Sea: Bull. Vole, The International Association of Volcanolgy and Chemistry of The Earth`s Interior. Tome XXXVI.

  • Daly, R. A., 1914, Igneous Rocks and Their Origin: First Edition, Mac Graw Hill Book Comp, New York.

  • Gorshkov, G. S. r 1965, On The Relations of Volcanism and The Upper Mantle: Bull. Vole. Vol. 28, pp. 159-167.

  • Mac Donald, G., 1972, Volcanoes: Perentiee Hall, New York, 510 p.

  • Platen, H., 1965, Kristallisation Granitischer Schmeltzen: Beitr. Min. U. Petr. Vol 11, pp 334-381.

  • Tuttle, O., Bowen, N. !., 1958, Origin of Granite in the Lights of Experimental Studies in the system NaA SisOs, SiOa, KalStsOs, KsO:, Geol. Soc. Amer. Memoir 74, 153 pp.

  • Winkler. H. G., 1967, Die Genese der Metamorphen Gesteine: Springer Verlag, Second Edition, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 237 p.

  • Description and Stratigraphic Range of Echinid Species Collected from The Ermenek Area (Konya)
    Yüksel Sezginman
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    Abstract: This paper concerne the systematic study of the Bchinoides collected within the project of the Miocenebiostratigraphy of the Ermenek (Konya). Aa a result it is distinguished the zonations of Echinolampas, Clypeaster,Schizaster species. 

  • echinid

  • biostratigraphy

  • Miocene

  • Konya

  • Akarsu, t., 1960, Mut bölgesinin jeolojisi: Maden Tetkik Arama Enst. Derg., No. 54, s. 36-45

  • Bluraenthal, M., 1956, Karaman-Konya havzası güneybatısında Toros Kenar silsileleri ve gist-radyolarit formasyonu: Maden Tetkik Arama Enst. Derg., No. 48, s. 1-36

  • Can, B. - Kaynar, A.ı 1972, Silifke ve kuzeyinde Miyosen stratigrafisi: Maden Tetkik Arama Enst., Hap. No. 5037 (yayımlanmamış), Ankara

  • Cottreau, J., 1913, Les Echinides du Bassin Mediterraneen: Theses, Faculte des sciences de Paris, 118

  • Dingel, B., 1955, Mut jeolojisi: Maden Tetkik Arama Enst., Rap. No. 2446, (yayımlanmamış), Ankara

  • Gökten, E., 1976, Silifke yöresinin temel kaya birimleri ve Miyosen stratigrafisi: Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 19, s. 117-126.

  • Lambert, J., 1S06, Etude sur les Echinides de la molasse de Vence: Nice, 20, 27

  • Lambert, J., 1907, Dese. des Echinides des terrains du Bassin du Rhone: Memoires de la Soc. Paleontologie Suisse, 38, 94

  • Niehoff, W., 1960, Mut 126/1 numaralı harita paftasının revizyon neticeleri hakkında rapor: Maden Tetkik Arama Enst.`, Rap. No. 3390 (yayımlanmamış), Ankara

  • öztümer, E., 1974, Antalya, Mut ve Adana havzaları Tersiyer biyostratigrafi ve mikropaleontoloji yenilikleri: Türkiye ikinci petrol kongresi, Tebliğler, s. 217-228.

  • Petrovic, X, 1969, Srednjomiocenski Echinidi Severne Bosne: Jugoslavenska Akademija Znanostri umjetnostri, 125

  • Roman, J., 1960, Karaman havzası Helvesiyen ekinitleri: Maden Tetkik Arama Enst. Derg., No. 55, s. 52-82

  • Vadasz, M. Ev 1915, Die Mediterranien Echinodermen Ungarns: Geologica Hungarica, 1, 2, 129

  • Relationships Between Regional Metamorphism and Garnet Composition in Kırşehir Massive (Central Anatolia)
    Yavuz Erkan
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    Abstract: In this paper, relationships between metamorphism and chemical composition of garnets, taken fromregional metamorphic rocks surrounding Kırşehir Region are investigated.Investigation of metapelite and micaceous quartzite samples taken from three metamorphic zones in which metamorphic grade increases northward and northeastward, shows that MnO content of garnets decreases along thesame directions. MnO content of 29,23% of first metamorphic zone, turns out to be 12,81% in the second and finallybecomes 1% in the third zone.There is an apparent positive correlation between the modal content of garnets in metamorphic rocks and theMn-eontent of these minerals. It is found that garnets high in Mn-content appear to be less frequent and found inthe form of minute crystals whereas in the garnets low in Mn-content, the situation is reversed. Therefore it maybe argued that Mn-content of the original rock has been concentrated in occasional garnet crystals leading thismineral to be rich in Mn-content. However, chemical analyses of all garnet bearing rocks have shown that theyhave aproximately similar composition. Therefore this question arises: what were the conditions controllingnucleation and crystal growth of garnets starting from rocks with a similar Mn-content.As a result of this research it is found that estimation of physical conditions of metamorphism can not be donequantitatively by using composition of garnets nor through quantitative comparison of metamorphic conditions belonging to various metamorphic regions. However, existance of rather general relationship between increasing metamorphic grade and decreasing Mn-content of garnets from rocks of rather similar composition may be ruled out.

  • garnet

  • Kırşehir Massive

  • regional metamorphism

  • Atherton, M. P., 1964, The gamet isograd in -pelitic rocks and its and biotite in natural assemblages.- J. GeoL, 73, 155-164.

  • Atherton, M. P., 1968, The variation in gamet, biotite and chlorite composition in medium grade pelitic rocks from the Dalradian, Scotland, with particular reference to the zonation in garnet. - Contr. Miner, and Petrol., 18, 347-371.

  • Brown, E. H., 1969, Some zoned garnets from the greenschist fades.- Amer. Miner., 54, 1662-1677.

  • Clifford, T. N., 1960, Spessartine and magnesium biotite in cuticulebearing rocks from Mill Hollow, Alstead Township, New Hampshire, U.S.A. - N. Jb. Miner. Geol. Abh., 94, 1369-1400.

  • Dobretsov, N. Lr., V. V. Khlestov, V. S. Sobolev, 1973, The fecies of regional metamorphism at moderate pressures - Australien Nat Uni. Press, Camberra, A.C.T., 299 s

  • Engel, A. E. J. ve C. G. Engel^ 1960, Progressive metamorphism and granitisation of the major paragneiss, northwest Adirondack Mountains, New York. - Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 71, 1-57.

  • Erkan, Y., 1976, Kırşehir çevresindeki rejyonai metamorfik bölgede saptanan izogradlar ve bunların petrolojik yorumlanmaları. - Yerbilimleri, 2/1, 23-54.

  • Kretz, R., 1959, Chemical study of garnet, biçtite and hornblende from gneisses of south-western Quebec, with emphasis and distribution of elements in coexisting minerals. - Î. Geol., 67, 371-402.

  • Lyons, J. B. ve S. A. Morse, 1970, Mg/Fe partitioning in garnet and biotite from some granitic, pelitic and calcic rocks. - Am«r. Min., 55, 231-245.

  • Matejovska, O., 1970, Composition of coexisting garnet and biotite from some gramilites of Moldanubicum, Czechoslovakia. -N. Jb. Miner. Mh., 6, 249-263.

  • Miyashiro, A., 1953, Calcium poor garnet in relation to metamorphism. - Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 4, 179-208.

  • Miyashiro, A., 1958, Regional metamorphism of the Gosaisyo - Takanuki district in the central Abukama Plateau .- Tokyo Univ.» J. Fac. Sci., 11, 219-272.

  • Miyashiro, A., 1973, Metamorphism and metamorphic belts. - Halsted Press, New York, 400 s.

  • Miyashiro, A. ve F. Shido, 1973, Progressive compositional change of garnet in metapelite. - Lithos, 6, 13-20.

  • Müller, G. ve A. Schneider, 1971, Chemistry and genesis of garnets in metamorphic rocks. - Contr. Miner, and Petrol., 31. 178-200

  • Nandi, K.> 1967, Garnets as indices of progressive regional metamorphism. - Miner. Mag., 36, 89-93.

  • Okrusch, M., 1971, Garnet-Cordierite-Biotite equilibria in the Steinach Aureole, Bavaria. - Contr. Miner, and Petrol., 32, 1-23.

  • Saxena, S. K., Distribution of elements between coexisting minerals and nature of solid solution in garnet. - Amer. Miner., 53, 994- 1014.

  • Sturt, B. A., 1962, The composition of garnets from pelitic schist in relation to the grade of regional metamorphism. - J. Petrol., 3, 181-191.

  • Tan, L. P., 1969, Possibility of a garnet-geothermometer. - Proc. Geol. Soc. China, 12, 129-133.

  • Geology of The Ceyhan-Berice Reservoir Area and The Engineering Geology
    Okay Eroskay Yücel Yilmaz Okay Gürpinar Nilda Yalçin Ali Malik Gözübol
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    Abstract: The aim of this study has been to enlighten complicated structural relationshisps of the rock units, to,establish true sequence of the rocks, present and to evaluate the rezervoir area as a potential reservoir lake and also,discuss problems relating to water leakage, In the reservoir area mainly there are theree groups of rock namely a metamorphic the old basement in NE, overlying carbonates in the middle and, the ophiolites on top. They form a thick sequence of homocline dipping NW-This homocline which are made up of the rocks of different origine appears to have beenformed by emplacement of the ophiolite in the region. Base of the sequence, namely Paleozoic sir basement complex consist of phyllites and metaquartzite contacts between the main rock groups, e.g between the basement and the carbonates,and, the carbonates and the ophiolites are tectonically formed graduel transition. The present complicated distributionof these rocks and their relationships appear to have been controlled by tectonic rearrengments. It is the tectonic rearangements of the region causing the present distribution of the rock groups have also yielded, their lensings interculatings so on, Thus, formed an imbricated structure with clearely spaced thrust sheets. The younger strata of the Tertiary sedimentary rocks transgresivly overly these sequence. Second phase of tectonic transport from the N broughtthe region a sequence of flat-lyng carbonates over the continental Miocene detritials. The limestone of jurassic-çretaceous age known as the Andırın limestone which occurs in the topographycal highs and platforms as thin clips of thethrust. In the piedmont plain younger plato basalts and allivium cover large areas. In the reservoir area, the Ceyhanriver form a narrow and steep valley and is surrounded by high mountain range with the peaks reaching....m at Kayadüldül. The area in the north of the Bani axis is occupied by impermeable rocks of the sir basement complex, Therefore this part of the reservoir does not seem to bear any potential water escape problems. The axis of sır, DüzkesmetBani dams are also plonned on the basement rocks. Thus problems of water escape is not expected. Berke A and Bdams are on the Berke limestone which is sandwiched between the two impermeable units. It is concluded as a resultof detail investigation that no future water escape is forseen in these dams. However, water escaping problems ofeach axis cases should be considerd separetly from the reservoir problems. No surface expression of a deep karst whichmight have occured beneath the maximum water hight has been seen. 

  • Engineering geology

  • homocline

  • ophiolite

  • phyllite

  • Arda, O. (1972) Adana`nın Osmaniye-Yarpuz-Kaypak havalisindeki aerpantinitlerin kompozisyon ve orijinlerinin araştırılmağı ve sınıflandırılması, MTA Dergisi, »ayı 78.

  • Atan, O. (1969) Egribucak-Karacaören (Hassa) - Ceyhanlı - Dazevleri (Kırıkhan) arasındaki Amanos dağlarının jeolojisi, MTA yayını, sayı 139.

  • Ayaslıoğlu, Y. (1970) Berke projesi-Berke barajı mühendislik jeolojisi planlama raporu, DSİ.

  • Çağlayık, V. (1970) Ceyhan-Berke bent yer ive rezervuannın jeoloji İncelemesi, EİE raporu.

  • Çoğulu, E. (1975) Hatay-Kızıldag masifinin oluğumu hakkında yeni buluğlar .Cumhuriyetin BO`nci yılı Yerbilimleri koııgres itebliglerf.

  • Çoğulu, E.(1975) Hatay ultramafitlerinin jeolojisi ve petrolojisi, TBTAK-TBAG projlsi 62.

  • Demirtaşlı, E. (1975) İran, Pakistan ve Türkiye`deki Alt Paleozoyik yaşlı kayaların strati grafik korrelasyomı, Cumhuriyetin 50`nci yılı Yerbilimleri Kongresi Tebliğleri.

  • Hall, R. (1976) Ophiolite emplacement of the fourus sture zone, Southeastern Turkey, Bull. Geol. Soc. of Am. v. 87, p. 1078-1088.

  • Kırmacıoğlu, A., Bulutlar, E., Ural ,Y., Akıncı, M. (1976) CeyhanBerke Projesi Tünel Güzergâhları ve dolayınım jeoloji incelemesi, EÎE raporu.

  • özgül, M., Metin, S. ve Dean, T. W. (1972) Doğu ToroslarCa Tufanbeyli İlçesi (Adana) dolayının Alt Paleozoyik stratigrafisi ve faunası, MTA Dergisi, sayı 79.

  • özgül, N., Metin, S., Göger, E., Bingöl, İ. ve Baydar, O. (1973) Tufanbeyli dolayının Kambriyen ve Tersiyer kayaları, TJK Bülteni, cilt XVI, sayı 1.

  • Penrose Ophiolite Field Conference (1972) Geol. Newsletters.

  • Rocci, G. (1975) Mesojen ofiyolitleri ve özellikle batı intrüziflerinin rolü üzerine düşünceler. Cumhuriyetin 50`nci yılı Yerbilimleri Kongresi tebliğleri.

  • Sümerman, K. ve Canlı, T. (1976) Ceyhan-Berke projesi Bani-Sırköprti-Düzkesme bent yerleri dolayının Jlolojisi, EİE raporu.

  • Description Of Sivasella N. Gen, (Foraminifera) From The Maestrichtian Of Sivas (Central Turkey)
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    Abstract: Description of Sivasella monolaterali» n. gen. n. sp. in Maestrichtian of Şarkışla (SW Sivas) region isgiven. 

  • Foraminifera

  • Maestrichtian

  • Sivas

  • Dupeuble, P. A., Neumann, M. and Villain, J. M., 1972, A propos du genre Hellenocycllna Reichel: Revue de Micropaleontalogie, Paris, 15, 1, 3-11.

  • Reichel, M., 1949, Sur un nouvel Orbitoide du Cretace superieur Ml lenique: Eclogea Geol. Helv., 42, 2, 480-485 .

  • Geology of The Sarikaya - Üçbaş (Karaman) Region
    Ali Koçyiğit
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    Abstract: In the study area, ophiolitic melange and Neogene formations crop out. The ophiolitie melange is amixture of radiolarite, pelagic limestones, graywacke, olistostrome, cherty limestone, massive crystallized limestone,diabase, ignimbritic tuff, vitric tuff, gabbro, peridotite, quartzdiorite and porphyrite. The formation age of the ophiolitic melange, which is alloehthonous, is probably Maestrichtian, and its autochthonous basement cannot be seen inthe area which is studied. In contrast, along the Taurus belt, the ophiolitic melange is found thrust over theNummulitic flysch of Lutetian age and/or the Lower Miocene formations.The Neogene formations, which transgressively overly the ophiolitic melange, are characterized by laterally andvertically interdigitating units of marl, sandstone, reefal limestone, conglomerate and clayey limestone.

  • The ophiolitie melange

  • olistostrome

  • peridotite

  • gabbro

  • Karaman

  • Blumenthal, M., 1956, Karaman-Konya Havzası Güneybatısında Toroa kenar slsileler ive §ist-radyolarit formasyonu stratigrafi meselesi: Maden Tetkik Arama Enst Derg., 48, 1-36.

  • Brunn, J. H. ve diğerleri, 1971, Outline of the geology of the western Taurides in

  • Demirtagli, E. ve diğerleri, 1975, Bolkar Dagları`nın teolojisi: Cumhuriyet`in 50. yılı Yerbilimleri Kongresi, 42-58, Ankara.

  • Dutnont, J. F. ve Kerey, E., 1975, Efridir gölü güneyinin temel jeolojik etüdü: Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 18, 2, 169-174.

  • Gutnic, M., Kelter, D. ve Monod, O., 1968, Decouverte de nappes de charriages dans le Nord du Taurus occidental (Turquie): C.R. Acad. Sci., Paris, 266, 988-991.

  • Kosyigit, A., 1976, Karaman-Ermenek (Konya) bölgesinde ofiyolltli melanj ve diğer ohısuklar: Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült. 19. 2, 103-115.

  • Niehoff, W., 1960, Mut 126/1 numaralı harita paftasının revizyon neticeleri hakkında rapor: Maden Tetkik Arama Enst. Der. Eap. No. 3390, yayımlanmamış

  • özgül, N., 1971, Orta Toroslar`ın kuzey kesiminin yapısal gelişiminde blok hareketlerinin önemi: Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült. 14, 1, 85-101.

  • Özgül, N., 1976, Toroslar`ın bazı temel jeoloji özellikleri: Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült 19, 1, 65-78.

  • Sedimentological Studies of The Oil-Saturated Sandstones of The Haymana Region (SW Ankara)
    Muhittin Şenalp Sungu L. Gökçen
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    Abstract: Oil saturated channel-fills which range 1-5.90 m in thickness occur in turbidite bearing Haymana formation of the Haymana region. Although most channels are single cuts, some show several related phases of cutting andfilling. The walls generally have gentle slopes, but in one channel they slope 75°. The channel-fill sediments consistof thick sandstone beds ranging from very coarse to very fine in grain size. Petrologically these sandstones are camposed mainly of lithic fragments, plagioclase and quartz and can be confidently called lithic vake ( graywacke). Onthe basis of field evidences such as interbedding of channel-fill sediments with turbiditic sandstones and being enclosed by the pelagic marls it is thought that the most likely process for the cutting and filling of the channels wasturbidity currents. Presence of sedimentary structures both on the soles and in the channel-fills which are the resultsof turbidity currents strenghten this idea. In the light of these evidences it is interpreted that this channel-fill sediments were perhaps deposited on the lower parts of the submarine fans which gradually merge in the abyssalplain. The submarine channel-fan complex is a most important type of petroleum reservoir as demonstrated by recentexploratory work in California, Carpathians, Southwestern France and other areas. Therefore the presence of oil saturated deep channels in turbidite-bearing Haymana Formation has paleogeographie significance and they will alsoattract the attention of oil companies for finding commercial oil in unexposed parts of the Haymana-Polatlı basin. Agood understanding of the evolution of the Haymana-Polatlı region and the careful sedimentological studies of theturbidite formations are essential in finding the more proximal parts of the basin where the oil is likely to be accumulated.

  • plagioclase

  • pelagic marl

  • turbidite-bearing

  • Haymana Formation

  • Andel, Van, TJ. H., 1958, Origin and classification of Cretaceous, Paleocene and Eocene sandstones of Western Venezuela: A.A.P.G. Bull., v. 42, s. 734-763.

  • Ataman, G. ve Gökçen, S. L., 1976, Erzincan-Refahiye bölgesi sedimanter jeolojisi 3: olistostrom ve türbidit fasiyesleri kil mineralojisi. Yerbilimleri., 2, s. 2, s. 242-253.

  • Bouma, A. H., 1962, Sedimentology of some flysch deposits`: Elsevier Pub. Comp., Amsterdam-New York. 168 s.

  • Dizer, A., 1968, Etude micropaleontologique du Nummulitique de Hayınaan (Turquie): Rev. Micropaleon., 11., s. 13-21.

  • Gökçen, S. L., 1972, Keşan bölgesi kumtaslarınm yapısal dokusal özellikleri ve bölgenin sedimanter fasiyesleri: Hacettepe. Fen. Müh. Bilim. Derg., 2., s. 50-65.

  • Gökçen, S. L., 1976a, Haymana güneyinin sedimantolojik incelenmesi (SW Ankara): Doçentlik Tezi, 192s.-6 Ek. H.Ü. Yerbilimleri Enst, Beytepe/Ankara (yayınlanmamış).

  • Gökçen, S. L., 1976b, Ankara-Haymana güneyinin sedimantolojik incelenmesi 1: Stratigrafik birimler v© tektonik;` Yerbilimler., 2, s. 161-200.

  • Gökçen, S. L., 1976c, Ankara-Haymana güneyinin sedimantolojik incelenmesi 2: Sedimantoloji ve Paleoakmtılar: Yerbilimleri., 2, s. 201- 236.

  • Güngör, A., 1975, Ankara-Haymana bölgesi Eoseninde bulunan Campanile Bayie (in Fischer) 1884 cinsine ait türlerin etüdü: M.T.A. Derg., v. 84., s. 30-34.

  • Lokman, K. ve Lahn, E. 1971. Çayraz (Haymana) civarının Harhor (Eosen) formasyonunda alttan üste doğru doku parametrelerinde ve afır mineral bolluk derecelerinde değişmeler. T.J.K. Bült, 14., s. 205-225.

  • Senalp, M. ve Fakıoglu, M., 1977, Bulantı akıntıları ve türbiditler: Yeryuvarı ve İnsan. Cilt 2., s. 25-39.

  • Ünalan, G., Yüksel, V., Tekeli, T., Gönene, O., Seyirt, Z. ve Hüseyin, S., 1976, Haymana-PolatU yöresinin (Güneybatı Ankara) Üst Kretase-Alt Tersiyer stratigrafisi ve paleocografik evrimi: T.J.K. Bült., v. 19., s. 159-176 .

  • Williams, H., Turner, F. J. and Gilbert, C. M., 1954, Petrography; an introduction to the study of rocks in thin sections: W. H. Freeman., San Francisco, 406 s.

  • Yüksel, S., 1970, Etude geologique de la Region d`Haymana (Turquie Centrale): These. Faculte des Sciences de L`Univ. de Nancy, France, 179 s. 8 Ek`

  • Yüksel, S., 1973, Haymana yöresi tortul dizisinin dügey yönde geligimi ve yanal fasiyes dağılışı: M.T.A. Derg., v. 80, s. 50-53.

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