Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni
  • Home
  • 2001 ŞUBAT Cilt 44 Sayı 1
Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

2001 ŞUBAT Cilt 44 Sayı 1
COVER
View as PDF
COPYRIGHT PAGE
View as PDF
CONTENTS
View as PDF
Petrographic Properties of the Recent Travertines in the Sıcakçermik Geothermal Field (NW Sivas, Turkey)
Erdoğan Tekin Turhan Ayyildiz
View as PDF

Abstract: Modern travertine deposits are observed in the Sıcakçermik hot springs area located northwest of Sivas, Central Anatolia.They are the carbonate deposits of crustal (spongy) and/or alabaster-textured formations controlled by both organic (the fissure and joint ridges) and inorganic (waterfall or cascade deposits; terrace-mound travertines; and shallow lake fans)processes. They are recognized in the field by special identifying trails such as manganous-ferrous travertine shrubs resembling ivy, siliceous stromatolites, and ferrous pisoids, 3 to 12 mm in diameter.All the recent travertine samples examined dominantly consist of subidiomorphic prismatic-tabular calcite crystals.Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that calcite crystals forming the pisoids are characterized by zonal growth.Stromatolitic formations, on the other hand, bear regular joints developed as a consequence of sudden cooling and some special structures indicative of bacterial activity (in the form of nodule, spheroid, ellipsoid, column, filament and honeycomb orgrape bunch structures). In addition, secondary dissolution vugs and pores giving way to the release of CO2 are associatedstructures with the stromatolitic formations. From stable isotope analyses of the different type travertines 8 I3C values between6.95 and 8.09 %o, and bl80 values between -15.73 and -16.76 %o were obtained.The data collected through all the utilized techniques suggest that the microbiological activities are dominanatly effectivein the formation travertines. It was concluded that travertines were produced by microorganisms referred to as in literaturesulfate-reducing, boring-budding bacteria such as Coccoids, Pedomicrobium, Beggiatoa sp., Thiobacillus sp as well as bluegreen algae (Cyanobacteria). On the other hand, the stable isotope data indicate that water of the hot y ^ is of meteoricorigin and carbonate sediments are accumulated in few 10 years.

  • Sıcakçermik

  • modern travertine

  • microbiologic activity

  • stable isotope

  • Altunel, E. ve Hancock, P.L., 1993, Morphology and structural setting of Quaternary travertines at Pamukkale; Türk. Jeol. Bült., 28, 335-346 (in Turkish).

  • Atalay, Z., 1993, Sivas1 m batısı ve güneybatısında ki karasal Neojen çökellerinin stratigrafisi ve çökel ortamları. C.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enst. Jeo. Müh. Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi (yayınlanmamış).

  • Ayaz, M.E., 1998, Sıcakçermik (Yıldızeli-Sivas) yöresindeki traverten sahalarının jeolojisi ve travertenlerin endüstriyel özellikleri, Cumhuriyet Univ. (Doktora tezi), 157 s., (yayınlanmamış).

  • Ayaz, M.E. ve Karacan, E., 2000, Sivas batısındaki traverten oluşumlarının yapı ve yüzey kaplama taşı olarak kullanılabilirliklerinin incelenmesi. Jeo. Müh. Derg., 24/1,87-99.

  • Bargar, K.E., 1978, Geology and thermal history of Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Bull, US Geol. Surv., 1444.

  • Bingöl, E., 1989. 1/200000 ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası. M.T.A. Genel Müd. Yayını, 263 s.

  • Buccino, S.G., D`argenio, V. ve Ferri, V., 1978, I travertini della Bassa Velle del Tanagro (Campania) studio geomorphologico, sedimentologico e geochimico (with English abstract): Boll. Coc. It., 97, 617-646.

  • Chafetz, H.S. ve Butler, J.C., 1980, Petrology of recent caliche pisoliths, spherulites (after Microcodium), and speleothem deposits: Sedimentology, 27, 497-518.

  • Chafetz, H.S. ve Meredith. J.C., 1983, Recent travertine Pisoliths (Pisoids) from Southeastern Idaho, U.S.A. In: Coated Grains (Ed. By T.M.Peryt), 450-455. Springer -Verlag, Berlin.

  • Chafetz, H.S. ve Folk, R.L., 1984, Travertines: depositional morphology and the bacterially constructed constituents. J. Sedim. Petrol., 54, 289- 316.

  • Chafetz, H.S., Akdim, B., Julia, R. ve Reid, A., 1998, Mn- and Fe- rich black travertine Shrubs: Bacterially (and Nannobacterially) induced precipitates. J. Sedim. Research, 68, 404-412.

  • Ehrlich, H.L., 1996, Geomicrobiology of manganese, Chapter 15 in Ehrilich, H.L., Geomicrobiology, 3rd Edition: New York. Marcel Dekker, 389-489.

  • Erişen, B., Akkuş, I., Uygur, N. ve Koçak, A., 1996. Türkiye Jeotermal Envanteri. M.T.A. Genel Müd. Yayını. 168 s.

  • Folk, R.L. ve Chafetz, H.S., 1983, Pisoliths (pisoids) in Quaternary travertines of Tivoli, Italy, in Peryt, T.M., ed., Coated Grains: New York, Springer-Verlag, 474-487.

  • Folk, R.L., 1993, SEM imaging of bacteria and nannobacteria in carbonate sediments and rocks. J. Sedim. Petrol., 63, 990-1000.

  • Ford, T.D. ve Pedley, M.H., 1992, Tufa deposits of the world: J. Speleol. Soc. Japan, 17, 46-63.

  • Ghiorse, W.C., 1984, Biology of iron-and manganase depositing bacteria: Annual Review of Microbiology, 38, 515-550.

  • Golubic, S., 1969, Cyclic and noncyclic mechanisms in the formation of travertine: Verh. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol, 7, 956-961.

  • Guo, L. ve Riding, R., 1992, Aragonite laminae in hot water travertine crusts, Rapolano Terme, Italy. Sedimentology, 39, 1067-1079.

  • Guo, L. ve Riding, R., 1994, Origin and diagenesis of Quaternary travertine shrub fabrics, Rapolano Terme, Central Italy. Sedimentology, 41,499-520.

  • Guo, L. ve Riding, R., 1998, Hot-springs travertine facies and sequences, Late Pleistocene, Rapolano Terme, Italy. Sedimentology, 45, 163-180.

  • Heimann, A. ve Sass, E., 1989, Travertines in the northern Hulla Valley, Israel. Sedimentolgy, 36, 95-108.

  • Herlinger, D.L., 1981, Petrology of the Fall Creek travertine: Bonneville County, Idaho (unpub. Master`s thesis): Univ. Houston, 172 p.

  • Irion, G. ve Müller, G., 1968, Mineralogy, Petrology and Chemical composition of some calcareous tufa from the Schmabische Alb. Germany, in Müller, G., and Friedman, G.M., eds., Recent Developments in Carbonate Sedimentology in Central Europe: New York, Springer Verlag, 157-171.

  • Jones, B., Renaut, R.W. ve Rosen, M.R., 1997, Vertical zonation of biota in microstromatolites associated with Hot Springs, North Island, New Zealand. Palaios, 12, 220-236.

  • Jones, B., Renaut, R.W. ve Rosen, M.R., 1997a, Biogenicity of silica precipitation around geysers and hot-spring vents, North Island, New Zealand. J. Sedim. Research, 67, 88-104.

  • Jones, B., Renaut, R.W. ve Rosen, M.R., 1997b, Vertical zonation of biota in microstromatolites associated with hot springs. North Island, New Zealand. Palaios, 12, 220-236.

  • Jones, B., Renault, R.W. ve Rosen, M.R., 1998, Microbial biofacies in hot-spring sinters: A model based on Ohaaki Pool, North Island, New Zealand. J. Sedim. Research, 68, 413-434.

  • Julia, R., 1983,Travertines. In: Carbonate depositional environments (Ed. by P.A. Scholle, D.G. Bebout and C.H. Moore), Tulsa, Oklahoma, Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol., 33, 64-72.

  • Kaçaroğlu, F., Nacitarhan, V, Değirmenci, M., Hizmetli, S., Elden, H. ve Göker, î., 1994, Sivas-Sıcakçermik termal suyunun hidrojeolojisi ve Gonartrozlu olgularda Terapotik olarak fizik tedavi yöntemleri ile karşılaştırılması. Jeotermal Uygulamalar Sempozyumu, Pamukkale Uni.-Denizli, 281-295.

  • Love, K.M. ve Chafetz, H.S., 1988, Diagenesis of laminated travertine crusts, Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma. J. Sedim. Petrol. 58, 441-445.

  • Meredith, J.C., 1980, Diagenesis of HolocenePleistocene (?) travertine deposits: Fritz Creak, Clark County and Fall Creek, Bonneville County, Idaho (unpub. Master`s thesis): Univ. Houston, 263 p.

  • Nealson, K.H., Rosson, R.A. ve Myers, C.R., 1989, Mechanisms of oxidation and reduction of manganese, Chapter 13 in Beveridge, T.J., and Doyle, R.J., eds., Metal Ions and Bacteria: New York, Wiley, 383-411.

  • Ozgul, N. (1984) Stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of the Central Taurides. In: Tekeli, O. and Goncuoglu, C. eds., Geology of the Taurus Belt., 77 - 90.

  • Pedley, H.M., 1990, Classification ana environmental models of cool freshwater tufas. Sedim. Geol., 68, 143-154.

  • Pentecost, A., 1993, British travertines: a review. Proceedings of the Geologists Association, 104, 23-39.

  • Renaut, R.W., Jones, B. ve Tierercelin, J.J., 1998, Rapid in situ silicification of microbes at Loburu hot springs, Lake Bogoria, Kenya Rift Valley. Sedimentology, 45, 1083-1103.

  • Risacher, F. ve Eugster, H.P., 1979, Holocene Pisoliths and encrustations associated with spring-fed surface pools, Pastos Gradnes, Bolivia. Sedimentology, 26, 253-270.

  • Scholl, D.W. , 1960, Pleistocene algal pinnacles at Searles Lake, California. J. Sedim. Petrol., 30, 414-431.

  • Schreiber , B.C., Smith, D. ve Schreiber, E., 1981, Spring peas from New York State: Nucleation and growth of fresh water hollow soliths and pisoliths. J. Sedim. Petrol, 51, 1341-1346.

  • Skinner, H.C.W. ve Fitzpatrick, R.W., 1992, Iron and manganese biomineralization. In: Skinner, H.C.W., and Fitzpatrick, R.W., eds., Biomineralization Processes, Iron, Manganase: Cremlingen, Germany, Catena Verlag, Catena Supplemand, 21, 1-6.

  • Şimşek, Ş., 1991, Termal suların oluşturduğu doğal anıtlar ve çevre korunmasının hidrojeolojik ve balneolojik açıdan önemi. II. Ulusal Balneoloji ve Tıbbi Biyometeoroloji Kongresi. Bildiri Özetleri, 11.

  • Tekin, E., Kayabah, K., Ayyıldız, T. ve İleri, Ö., 2000, Evidence of microbiologic activity in modern travertines: Sıcakçermik geothermal field, central Turkey. Carbonates & Evaporites, 15/1, 19-27.

  • Walter, M.R., 1976, Geyserites of Yellowstone National Park: an example of abiogenic

    • Ostracoda Biostratigraphy and Chronostratigraphy of Pannonian-Pontian Sequence of Gelibolu Peninsula, NW Turkey
    Cemal Tunoğlu Aziz Ünal
    View as PDF

    Abstract: In this study, a total of 300 samples either collected from 13 measured sections or as spot sample from 7 stratigraphic horizons have been investigated for their ostracoda assemblages. 22 species, 11 of which already known, eight yet unnamed, 2new species and 1 new subspecies belonging to 8 brackish and freshwater genera have been identified.Five different ostracoda biozones have been recognized considering the stratigraphic and geographic distribution of ostracoda fauna in the measured sections. These are from bottom to top: Zone AI- Cyprideis pannonica-Cyprideis torosa Zone, ZoneAll- Limnocythere sp.l-Paralimnocythere sp. 2 Zone, Zone Alll-Cyprideis sp.l Zone, Zone AIV-Cyprideis tuberculataCyprinotus salinus Zone and Zone AV-Xestoleberis sp.-Cyprideis sublittorallis Zone. Zones AI, All, AIII and AIV are characterized in the Pannonian stage but Zone V in the Pontian stage.The results are both correlated and supported with the other fauna and flora groups (benthic foraminifera, microvertebrate,microgastropoda, spors and pollens) which confirm the identification and separation of Pannonian (Early, Middle, Late) andPontian stages in the studied material. 

  • Ostracoda

  • Pannonian-Pontian

  • biostratigraphy

  • chronostratigraphy

  • gelibolu peninsula

  • Turkey

  • Carbonnel, G. and Jiricek, R., 1977, Super-zones et datums â Ostracodes dans le Neogene de la Tethys (bassin du Rhone) et de la Paratethys: Newsl. Startigr., 6, 1,23-29.

  • Erguvanlı, K., 1954, Eceabat - Çanakkale - Ayvacık arasının jeolojik etüdü hakkında rapor, MTA derleme No: 2374, Ankara (yayınlanmamış).

  • Erguvanlı, K., 1957, Outline of geology of the Dardanelles. Geological Magazine, 94, p. 47-53.

  • Erol, O., 1969, Çanakkale Boğazı çevresinin jeomorfolojisi hakkında ön not. Türkiye Coğrafya Araştırma Dergisi., 2, 53-71.

  • Erol, O., 1985, Çanakkale Yöresi Güney Kesiminin Jeomorfolojisi, Jeomorfoloji Dergisi, 13, 1-7.

  • Erol, O., 1992, Çanakkale Yöresinin Jeomorfolojik ve Neotektonik Evrimi. TPJD Bülteni 4/1, p.147-165.

  • Erol, O., & Nuttal, C. P., 1973, Çanakkale yöresinin bazı denizel Kuvaterner depoları. ( Some marine Quaternary deposits in the Dardanelles area. Coğr. Araş. Derg. 5-6, 27-91.

  • Gramann, R, 1969, Das Neogen im Strimon-Becken (Griechisch- Ostmazedonien), Teil II. Geol Jb., 87,485-528.

  • Gökçen, N., 1979, Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Neogene Sequence of Denizli-Muğla and surroundings, Hacettepe University, Assoc. Prof. Thesis, 178 p (unpublished).

  • Hoernes, R., 1876, Susswasserschicten unter den Sarmatischen Ablagerungen am Marmarameer. Sitzung, Akad. Wiss., Math. Mat. KL, 74, Abt. 1,7-3.

  • İlhan, E., 1964, Korudağ, Gelibolu Yarımadası ve Çanakkale Yakasında Yapılmış Olan Jeolojik Etüdler Hakkında Rapor. TPAO Rapor No: 331. Ankara (yayınlanmamış).

  • Jiricek, R., 1983, Redefmitation of the Oligocene and Neogene ostracod zonation of the Paratethys. Knthovniaka Zemniho plynu a nafty. 4, 195-236.

  • Jiricek, R., & Riha, J.,1990, Correlation of ostracod zones in the Paratethys and Tethys. Saito Ho - on kai spec, pub., 3.

  • Kellog, H. E., 1973, Geology and Petroleum Prospects Gulf of Saros and Vicinity Southwestern Thrace, Turkey. Ashland Oil of Turkey, Inc.Turkish Petrol. Adm. Archives, Ankara.

  • Moore, R. C, 1961, Treatise on Invertebrata Paleontology, Part: Q, Arthropoda 3, Crustacea, ostracoda, Geol. Soc. America and Univ. Kansas, New York, 442 p.

  • Morkhoven, F. P. C. M. Van, 1962, Post - Paleozoic Ostracoda, Their morphology, taxonomy and economic use, General Elsevieer Publ. Comp., Netherlands, V: I, 124 p.

  • Morkhoven, F. P. C. M. Van, 1962, Post - Paleozoic Ostracoda, Their morphology, taxonomy and economic use, General Elsevieer Publ. Comp., Netherlands, V: II, 478 p.

  • Okay, İ. A., Siyako, M., Burkan, K. A., 1990, Biga yarımadası`nm Jeolojisi ve Tektonik Evrimi, TPJD Bülteni, 2, 1,83-121.

  • Ozansoy, F.,1973, Les caracteristiques de Neogene der Dardanelles. Ank. Üniv. DTCF Antropoloji Dergisi, 6, 171-181.

  • Önal, M., 1984, Gelibolu (Çanakkale) Kuzeybatısının Jeolojisi, Doktora Tezi, İÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 188 p., İstanbul (yayınlanmamış).

  • Önal, M., & Yılmaz, H., 1984, Gelibolu Yarımadasında iki faklı yaşta filiş fasiyasindeki kil mineralleri ve gömülme derinliğine ait bazı ipuçları, Jeoloji Müh. Derg., Eylül 1984, 23-30.

  • Önem, Y, 1974, Gelibolu ve Çanakkale Dolaylarının Jeolojisi, TPAO Rapor No: 877, Ankara (yayınlanmamış).

  • Penck, W., 1917, Bau und Oberflâchlnformen der Dardanellenlandschaft, Zeit. d. Gesell. für Erdkunde, 20 p., Berlin.

  • Penck, W., 1919, Zur Landeskunde von ThrazienZeit, der. Gesell. für Erdkunde zu, nr: 7/8, Berlin.

  • Pfannenstiel, M., 1944, Die diluvialen Entwicklungsstadien und die Urgeschichte von Dardanellen, Marmarameer und Bosporus, Geol. Rundschau, v: 34, Heft: 7/8, 343-424.

  • Saltık, O., 1974, Şarköy-Müreffe Sahaları Jeolojisi ve Petrol Olanakları, TPAO Rapor No: 879, Ankara (yayınlanmamış).

  • Saltık, O., Saka, K., 1971, Bozcaada I (Continental Oil Company of Turkey), TPAO Rapor No: 848, Ankara (yayınlanmamış).

  • Saltık, O., Saka, K., 1972, Saros Körfezi, Gelibolu Yarımadası, İmroz, Bozcaada ve Çanakkale Sahil Şeridi Jeoloji İncelemesi, TPAO Rapor No: 716, Ankara (yayınlanmamış).

  • Siyako, M., Burkan, K. A., Okay, A. L, 1989, Biga ve Gelibolu Yarımadalarının Tersiyer Jeolojisi ve Hidrokarbon Olanakları, TPJD Bülteni, 1, 3, 183-199.

  • Stancheva, M., 1965, Ostracoda from the Neogene in NW Bulgaria, V. Development and stratigraphical importance, Travaux sur la Geologic de Bulgaria-Serie Paleontlogie, VII, 15-69.

  • Stancheva, M., 1972. Sarmatian ostracodes from North-Eastern Bulgaria, Bull, of the Geol. Inst.- Series Paleontology, XXI, 103-128.

  • Steininger, F.F., Senes, J., Kleemann, K. and Rög R, 1985, Neogene of the Mediterranean Tethys and Paratethys Stratigraphic Correlation Tables and Sediment Distribution Maps, Vienna, V. 1-2, 189 p.

  • Sokac, A., 1967, Pontische Ostracoden fauna an den südöstlichen Abangen der Zagrebacka Gora. Geologic Vesnik., 20, 63-86.

  • Sümengen, M., Terlemez, L, Şentürk, K., Karaköse, C, Erkan, E., Ünay, E., Gürbüz, M., Atalay, Z. 1987, Gelibolu Yarımadası ve Güneybatı Trakya Tersiyer Havzası`nm Stratigrafisi, Sedimantolojisi ve Tektoniği, MTA Rapor No: 8128 (yayınlanmamış).

  • Şentürk, K.,1971, Halileli-Derbentbaşı (Çanakkale İli, İntepe Bucağı) dolayının jeolojisi MTA Rapor No: 6667 (yayınlanmamış).

  • Şentürk, K. and Karaköse, C, 1987, Çanakkale Boğazı ve Dolayının Jeolojisi, MTA Rapor No: 9333 (yayınlanmamış).

  • Taner, G., 1977, Gelibolu Yarımadası Neojen formasyonları ile Baküniyen molluska faunasının incelenmesi, Doçentlik Tezi, A.Ü. Fen Fak. , 66 p., Ankara.

  • Taner, G., 1981, Gelibolu Yarımadası`nm denizel Kuvaterner molluskaları, Die meeresquatare mollusken der Halbinsel-Gelibolu, Jeomorfoloji Dergisi, 10,71-116.

  • Taner, G., 1983, Hamzaköy Formasyonumun Çavda (Baküniyen) Bivalvleri, Gelibolu Yarımadası, TJK Bülteni, 26, 59-64.

  • Taner, G., 1994, Mollusk kavkılarında 5 016/5018 izotopu araştırma metodu ile Çanakkale Boğazı`nıri Romafıiyen - Baküniyen çağına ait paleosıcaklık bulguları, 47. TJK Bildiri Özleri, 12-13, Ankara.

  • Ternek, Z., 1949, Geological Study of Region Keşan-Korudağ, İÜFF Doktora Tezi., 79 p. İstanbul (unpublished).

  • Toker, V. & Erkan E., 1983, Gelibolu Yarımadası Eosen Formasyonları Nannoplankton Biyostratigrafısi, MTA Dergisi, 101/102, 72-92, Ankara.

  • Tunoğlu, C, 1984, İncipmarı-Kurtkuyusu (Sinop Batısı) Yöresi Neojen`inin Ostrakod Biyostratigrafısi, Yüksek Mühendislik Tezi, H.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enst., 177 s., Ankara (yayınlanmamış).

  • Tunoğlu, C, & Gökçen N., 1985, İncipmarıKurtkuyusu (Sinop batısı) Yöresi Üst Miyosen İstifinin Ostrakod faunası, Yerbilimleri, 12, 19-38.

  • Tunoğlu, C, & Gökçen, N., 1991, İncipmarıKurtkuyusu (Sinop Batısı) Yöresi Üst Miyosen İstifinin Ostrakod biyostratigrafısi, T. J. B., 34, 37- 43.

  • Tunoğlu, C. & Gökçen, N., 1995, Tethys and Paratethys transition on the Black Sea Coast of Türkiye; EUG-8, European Union of Geosciences, Abstracts, Strasbourg, France.

  • Tunoğlu, C, Gökçen, N., 1997, Pontian ostracoda of the Sinop area, Black Sea coast of Turkey, Revue de Micropaleontologie, 40, 4, 347-367.

  • Tunoğlu, C, Ünal, A., (in press), Pannonian-Pontian ostracoda associations of Gelibolu Peninsula, NW Turkey, Yerbilimleri.

  • Ülkümen, N. R.,1960, Trakya ve Çanakkale mıntıkalarında bulunan Neojen Balıklı Formasyonları hakkında, 1. Ü. Fen. Fak. Monografileri, sayı: 16, İstanbul.

  • Ünal, A., 1996, Gelibolu Yarımadası Neojen İstifinin Ostrakod Biyostratigrafisi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yük. Müh. Tezi. 160 s (yayınlanmamış).

  • Ünal, A., Tunoğlu, C, 1996, The Upper Miocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gelibolu Peninsula (NW Turkey), 3rd European Ostracodologists Meeting, Abstracts, p. 23, Biervielle, Paris.

    • Geology and Geostatistical Evaluation of Ilıcadere (Bayındır, Izmir) Pb-Zn Mineralization
    Sermin Koçer Cem Saraç
    View as PDF
  • Ilıcadere

  • Bayındır

  • Pb

  • Zn

  • geostatistics

  • ore deposit evaluation

  • Bozkurt, E. and Park, R.G., 1994, Southern Menderes Massif-an incipient metamorphic core complex in western Anatolia, Turkey: Journal of Geological Society, London, 151:213-216.

  • Bozkurt, E. and Park, R.G., 1997, Microstructures of deformed grains in the augen gneisses of southern Menderes Massif (Western Turkey) and their tectonic significance: Geol. Rundsch, 86:(1), 103-119.

  • David, M., 1977, Geostatistical ore reserve estimation: Elsevier, New York, 364 p.

  • Deutsch, C.V. and Journel, A.G., 1996, * Geostatistical software library and user`s guide: * Oxford University Press, New York, 340 p.

  • Deutsch, C.V. and Journel, A.G., 1998, GSLIB Geostatistical software library and user`s guide: 2 nd Edition, Applied Geostatistics Series, Oxford University Press, New York, 369 p.

  • Dowd, P.A., 1986, Geometrical and geological controls in geostatistical estimation and orebody modeling, 19th Apcom, 81-94.

  • Erdoğan, B. ve Güngör, T., 1992, Menderes Masifi` nin kuzey kanadının stratigrafisi ve tektonik evrimi: Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Derneği Bülteni, Cilt 4, Sayı 1, Ankara, 9 - 34.

  • Isaaks, E.H. and Srivastava, R.M., 1989, An introduction to applied geostatistics: Oxford University Press, New York, 561 p.

  • Journel, A.G. and Huijbregts, C.J., 1978, Mining geostatistics: Academic Press, London, 600 p.

  • Koçer, S., 2000, Ilıcadere (Bayındır, İzmir) Pb-Zn cevherleşmesinin rezerv-tenör değerlendirilmesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Mühendislik Tezi, Ankara, 90s.

  • Matheron, G., 1963, Principles of geostatistics: Economic Geology, V: 58, 1246-1266.

  • Özcan, H., 1974, İzmir - Bayındır Ilıcadere Pb - Zn madeni raporu: MTA Rapor no: 289, Ankara, 91 s.

  • Saraç,C, 1998, Geology and ore reserve estimation at Sivrihisar mine (Eskişehir, Turkey): Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Section A-Mining Industury, England, Vol: 107, A6-A12.

  • Saraç, C. And Tercan, A.E., 1996, Grade and reserve estimation of Tulovasi borate deposit by block kriging: International Geology Review, No: 9, 832-837.

  • Soares, A., 1990, Geostatistical estimation of orebody geometry, morphological kriging: International Association for Mathematical Geology, Vol: 22, 787-802.

  • Tercan, A.E., 1996, Maden yatakları sınır belirsizliğinin indikatör kriging ile değerlendirilmesi ve Sivas-Kangal-Kalburçayırı kömür yatağında bir uygulama: Madencilik Dergisi, TMMOB Maden Mühendisleri Odası, Ankara, No: 35-4, 3-11.

  • Tercan, A.E. ve Saraç, C, 1998, Maden yataklarının değerlendirilmesinde jeoistatistiksel yöntemler: TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası Yayınları, No 48, Ankara, 137 s.

  • Wellmer, F.W., 1998, Statistical evaluations in exploration for mineral deposit: SpringerVerlag, New York (Translated by D. Large), 379 p.

    • An approach to the origin of Kocaeli Triassic dolomites based on their isotopic and petrographic characteristics
    Büşra Çerikçioğlu
    View as PDF

    Abstract: Dolomites (Ballikay a formation) exposed in the Triassic succession of Kocaeli Peninsula are 15-25 m. thick The dolomiteswere formed on a transition area between slope and basin. They consist of two different types as matrix and cementationdolomites. Stable isotope values obtained from those are 8I8O = -5.18 - -6.10 %o; SUC= 1.49 - 2.81 %o . The isotopic datasuggest that an environmental change took place during dolomitization, which ranged from fresh-seawater mixing zone toshallow burial realm. On the other hand, dolomitization temperature calculated as 36-41 C indicates that the dolomites hadnot suffered from deep burial diagenesis.

  • Dolomite

  • stable isotopes

  • Triassic succession of Kocaeli Peninsula

  • Bellanca, A., Karakaş, Z., Neri, R. ve Varol, B., 1993. Sedimentology and isotope geochemistry of lacustrine dolomite-evaporite deposits and associated clays (Neogene, Turkey): enviromental implications. Miner. Petrogr. Acta, 36, 245-264.

  • Cander, H., 1994. An example of mix er Devonian fringing-reef complex: Leduc Formation, Peace River Arch area, Alberta, Canada. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 63, 4, 628-640.

  • Frisia, S. ve Wenk, H.-R., 1993. TEAM and AEM study of pervasive, multi-step dolomitization of the Upper Triassic Dolomia Principale (northern Italy). Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 63, 6, 1049-1058.

  • Gao, G. ve Land, L.S., 1991. Geochemistry of Cambro-Ordovician Arbuckle limestone, Oklahoma: implication for diagenetic 518O alteration and secular 813C and 87Sr/86Sr variation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55, 2920-2921.

  • Gao, G., Land, L.S. ve Elmore, R.D., 1995. Multiple episodes of dolomitization in the Arbuckle Group, Arbuckle Mountains, South-Central Oklahoma: Field, petrographic, and geochemical evidence. Journal of Sedimentary Research, A65, 2, 321-331.

  • Gedik, İ., Timur, E., Alan, L, Altun, L, Pehlivan, Ş., Akbaş, B. ve Duru, M., 1999. Kocaeli Yarımadası1 nın jeolojik etüdü projesi. MTA (Yayınlanmamış).

  • Hardie, L.A., 1986. Dolomitization. A critical view of some current views-perpectives. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 57, 166-183.

  • Hudson, J.D. ve Anderson, T.F., 1989. Ocean temperatures and isotopic compositions through time. Earth Sciences, 80, 183-192.

  • Land, S.Y., 1985. The origin of Massive dolomite. Journal of Geological Education, 33, 112-125.

  • Özdemir, Ü., Yurtsever, G., Dağer, Z. ve Yurtsever, A., 1982. Gebze - Hereke - Tepecik alanında Mesozoyik - Senozoyik kayaların jeolojisi. Kocaeli Triyası biyostratigrafisi projesi. Rapor no: 7195, (Yayınlanmamış).

  • Varol, B. ve Magaritz, M., 1992. Dolomitization, time boundaries and unconformities: examples from the dolostone of the Taurus Mesozoic sequence, south-central Turkey. Sedimentary Geology, 76, 117-133.

  • Zenger, D.H. ve Dunham, J.B., 1980. Concept of models of dolomitization-an introduction. Geol. Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. Spec. Publ., 28, 1-19.

    • Macro-Micro Textures and Genetic Evoluation of Lead-Zinc Deposits of Akdağmadeni (Yozgat) Region
    Ali Riza Çolakoğlu Yurdal Genç
    View as PDF

    Abstract: In this study, macro and micro ore textures within the metamorphic rocks around the granites of Akdağmadeni Pb-Zndeposite to the east of Akdağmadeni district are presented. In the previous studies the ores were interpreted as a simple skarntype related to granites. However, in this study it is concluded that the Akdağmadeni lead-zinc deposit can be interpreted notonly as skarn types but also as metamorphic types on the basis geologic, petrographic, mineralogic and structural-texturalproperties. Therefore, it is postulated that the Akdağmadeni lead-zinc deposite is a complex deposit in which features and / oreffects of both regional and contact metamorphism are observed, rather than being a simple skarn type deposit as revealedby previous studies on the basis of the presence of granite.

  • Akdağmadeni

  • Lead-zinc mineralizations

  • Macro-micro textures

  • Metamorphism

  • Alpaslan, M., 1993, Yıldızeli yöresinin petrografik incelenmesi. Doktora Tezi. (yayınlanmamış), C.Ü.359s.

  • Çolakoğlu, AR., 2000, Akdağmadeni (Yozgat) yöresi kurşun-çinko, fluorit ve barit yatak ve zuhurlarının jeolojik ve kökensel incelenmesi. H.Ü. Doktora tezi. 162s, (yayınlanmamış).

  • Dökmeci, L, 1980, Akdağmadeni yöresinin jeolojisi. M.T.A. Rapor No: 6953. 37s.

  • Erkan, Y, 1980, Orta Anadolu Masifi1 nin kuzeydoğusunda (Akdağmadeni - Yozgat) etkili olan bölgesel metamorfızmanm incelenmesi. T.J.K. Bül, c.23, 213-218.

  • Erkan, Y. ve Ataman G., 1981, Orta Anadolu Masifi ( Kırşehir yöresi ) metamorfızma yaşı üzerine K/Ar yöntemi ile bir inceleme. H.Ü. Yerbilimleri, 8, 27-30.

  • Evans, M.A., 1993, Ore geology and industrial minerals an introduction. Blackwell scientific publications, Oxford, third edition. 390 p.

  • Genç, Y, 1998, Başçatak-Akdağmadeni (Yozgat) Zn-Pb-Cu sulfide deposit: an exampleof metamorphosed sulfide deposit in the Akdağmadeni massif. Third International Turkish Geology Symposioum Abstracts book. p. 69. ANKARA

  • Göncüoğlu, M.C., 1977, Geologie des westlichen Niğde Massive, Ph.D Thesis, Bonn University, 167 p.

  • Göncüoğlu, M.C., 1981, Niğde masifinin jeolojisi. T.J.K. 35. Bilimsel ve Teknik Kurultayı

  • Göncüoğlu, M.C., Toprak, V., Kuşçu, İ., Erler, A. ve Olgun, E., 1991, Orta Anadolu Masifi`nin batı bölümünün jeolojisi, Bölüm 1: Güney Kesim. TPAO Rep., No. 2909,140p.

  • Ketin, İ., 1954, Yozgat bölgesinin jeolojik löveri hakkında rapor: M.T.A. Enst. Derleme Rap. No:2141, 50s., Ankara (Yayınlanmamış).

  • Ketin, İ., 1955, Yozgat bölgesinin jeolojisi ve Orta Anadolu Masifinin tektonik durumu. Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bult., v. 6, 1-40.

  • Ketin, L, 1963, 1/500 000 ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası, Kayseri Paftası. M.T.A. Yay., 83s.

  • Ketin, L, 1966, Tectonic units of Anatolia (Asia Minor). M.T.A. Bull, v. 66, 23-34.Kovenko, V., 1944, Akdağ bölgesindeki eski madenler hakkında rapor. M.T.A. Ens., Arşiv No: 1604, Ankara.

  • Kuşçu, L, 1997, Mineralogical and geochemical composition af skarns in the Akdağmadeni, Akçakışla and Keskin districts, Central Anatolia, TURKEY, Ph.D. studies in the Middle East Technical University p., 192.

  • Paolo, S., 1908, Akdağ gümüş madeni raporu. M.T.A. Arşiv No: 392 (yayınlanmamış).

  • Pollak, A., 1958, 1957 yılmmda Akdağmadeni - Yıldızeli sahasında yapılan prospeksyon. M.T.A. Arşiv No:2679. (yayınlanmamış).

  • Sağıroğlu, A., 1982, Contact metasomatism and ore deposition of Lead- Zinc deposits of Akdağmadeni, Yozgat, Turkey: Londra Üniversitesi (Yayınlanmamış) Doktora tezi, 324s.

  • Seymen, L, 1982, Kaman dolayında Kırşehir masifinin Jeolojisi: İ.T.Ü., Doçentlik Tezi, 164 s., (Yayınlanmamış).

  • Tolluoğlu, A.Ü., 1986, Orta Anadolu Masifinin güneybatısında (Kırşehir yöresinde) petrografik ve petrotektonik incelemeler. H.Ü. Fen Bil. Ens. Doktora tezi (yayımlanmamış), 237s., Ankara.

  • Tülümen, E., 1980, Akdağmadeni yöresinde petrografik ve metaloj enik incelemeler: Doktora tezi, K.T.Ü. Fen Fakültesi Yayını, 157s. (yayınlanmamış).

  • Vache, R., 1963, Akdağmadeni kontak yatakları ve bunların Orta Anadolu Kristalinine karşı olan jeolojik çerçevesi. M.T.A. Enst. Bult., v. 60 s. 22-36.

  • Yıldız, M., 1998, Akdağmadeni (Yozgat) doğusunda yer alan metamorfık birimlerin jeolojik petrografik incelenmesi. Doktora tezi: Ankara Ünv. 185 s.

  • Yılmaz A., Uysal, T, Bedi, Y, Yusufoğlu, H., Havzoğlu, T., Ağan, A., Göç, D ve Aydın, N., 1995, Akdağ Masifi ve dolayının jeolojisi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi No. 117, 125- 138.

    • ISSUE FULL FILE
    View as PDF