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Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

1987 ŞUBAT Cilt 30 Sayı 1
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The Geology of the Çamdağ (Sakarya) - Sünnicedağ (Bolu) Region
Mustafa Aydin Hüseyin Sebat Serdar Ömer Şahintürk Kazim Metin Yazman Ahmet Reha Çokuğraş Osman Demir Yakup Özçelik
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Abstract: The sequence ranges from Precambrian to upper-most Cainozoic in the investigated area.Their total thickness is about 12000 meters. Units of Precambrian age consist of mctabasîc, amphibolitesand banded gneisses and they crop out on Kaplandededağ and Sünicedağ. Paleozoic units have two depositional periods. The first period begins in Cambrian and ends at the beginnig of Silurian with a regression. The second one begins in Silurian with a transgression and end in Upper Carboniferous with a regression. In Çamdağ area, rock of Devoian age begin with a transgression and overlie rocks of, Ordovician-Lower Silurian age with an angular unconformity. In Kaplandedcdağ-north of Düverdüzü Village, rocksof Upper Cambrian-Lower Ordovician overlie the units of Precambrian age with a primary stratigraphie contact. Ordovician units arc composed of red mudstones, siltones and conglomerates. Black shalesof Silurian age interbedded with bluish black limes to nes overlie the Ordovician and Lower Silurian sediments with an angular unconformity. The contact, between Silurian and Devonian is concordant and/ortransitional* Devonian-Carboniferous boundary is tra nsitional in the Zonguldak subarea, Middle-Upper Carboniferous deposists do not crop out in the investiga ted area, because of Precambrian and Lower Paleozoic uplifts, Permotriassic sediments which were de posited in continental and near shore-shallow marineenvironments overlie older sediments with an angular unconformity. The Upper Jurassic and LowerCretaceous rocks overlap the uplift taking place in eastern part of Ereğli-Dikmentepe Hill and do notextend westwards. Island arc volcanic activity which belongs to north dipping Neotethyan subduction zone, started in Cenomanîan and ended in Eocene, Sediments of Eocene age begin with angular unconformity and show different fades in investigation area. Continental rock units were deposited duringPliocene in the region which was eroded during Oli go-Miocene.Gi^anitoids and diabasic rocks which are older than Upper Jurassic crop out around Orhandağ andSünnİcedağ Mountains.

  • gneisses

  • amphibolite

  • siltones

  • conglomera

  • Zonguldak

  • Akarsu, t. ve Aydm, M,, 1977, Durağan, Boyabat, Taşköprü ve Çatalzeytin İlçeleri civarının Ön jeoloji raporu : Türkiye Petrolleri A, O,, Arama Grubu, rap, no : 1183 (yayımlanmamış),

  • Akyol, Z., Arpat, E., Erdoğan, B., Göğer, E., Güner» Y., Şaroğlu, F,, Şentürk, I., Tütüncü K, ve Uysal, Ş,, 1974, Cide, Kurucaşile dolaylarının 1/50,000 jeoloji haritası : MTA Enstitüsü, Ankara,

  • Anç-Sayar, C, 1969, Boğaziçi arazîsinde Ordovisiyen Cönularia`lan : TJK Bült, 12, 140-159,

  • Arpat, E,, Tütüncü, K,, Uysal, Ş, ve Göğer E., 1978, Safranbolu yöresinde Kambriyen-Devoniyen istifi : Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu 32, Bilimsel ve Teknik Kurultayı, Bildiri Özetleri Kitabı, 67 s.

  • Aydın, M. ve Serdar, H. S., 1979, Gerze, Alaçam, Bafra, Vezirköprü, Durağan sınırlı sahanın jeolojisi ve petrol olanakları : Türkiye Petrol« leri A, O,, Arama Grubu, rap, no : 1448 (Yayımlanmamış),

  • Aydın, M, ve Şahintürk, Ö,, 1984, Akçakoca doğusu, Ereğli -batısındaki (Kaplandededağ-Orhandağ) Paleozoyik yaşlı birimlerin jeolojisi ve hidrokarbon olanakları : Türkiye Petrolleri A, O., Arama Grubu, rap, no : 1947 (yayımlanmamış),

  • Baykal, F., 1954, Ulus-Eflani arasındaki mıntıka hakkında jeolojik rapor : Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü, rap,, no : 2125 (yayımlanmamış).

  • Gümüş, Ö., 1966, II, Bölge Ulus sahalarının jeolojisi hakkında rapor : Türkiye Petrolleri A. O., Arama Grubu, rap, no : 378 (yayımlanmamış).

  • Haas, W,, 1968, Das Alt-Paläozoikum von Bithynien : N,, Jb., Gel, Paläont., Abh,, 131 178-242,

  • Kaya, O,, 1973, The Devonian and Lower Carboniferous stratigraphy of the Istinye, Bostancı and Büyükada subareas : Ege Üni, Fen, Fak,, Kitaplar Serisi, sa,, 40,143 sa.

  • Kaya, O„ 1978, İstanbul Ordovisiyen ve Silüriyeni ` Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yerbilimleri Enstitüsü Yayın Organı, cilt 4, sa,, 1-2, ss.4-22.

  • Kaya, O., 1982, Ereğli, Yığılca, Bolu kuzey, Mengen alanlarının stratigrafi ve yapı özellikleri : Türkiye Petrolleri A. Ö,, Arama Grubu, rap., no : 1639 (yayımlanmamış).

  • Ketin, L ve Gümüş, Ö-, 1962, Sinop, Ayancık ve güneyinde III. Bölgeye dahil sahaların jeolojisi hakkında rapor: I-IL Türkiye Petrolleri. A* O., Arama Grubu, rap., no : 213-288 (yayımlanmamış),

  • Ketin, î., 1967, Bolu, Gerede, Mengen ve Yığılca bölgesindeki Paleozoyik teşekkülere ait jeolojik rapor : Türkiye Petrolleri A. O,, Arama Grubu, rap., no : 379 (yayımlanmamış).

  • Kipman, E., 1974, Sakarya, Çamdağ alanının jeolojisi : İstanbul Üniversitesi, Fen Fak,, doktora tezi (yayımlanmamış),

  • Saner, S., Taner, I., Aksoy, Z., Siyako, M, ve Burkan, K. A*, 1979, Karabük, Safranbolu yöresinin jeolojisi : Türkiye Petrolleri A. O,, Arama Grubu, rap., no : 1322 (yayımlanmamış).

  • Serdar, H, S ve Demir, O., 1983, Bolu, Mengen, Devrek, dolayının jeolojisi ve petrol olanakları : Türkiye Petrolleri A. O., Arama Grubu, rap, no : 1781 (yayımlanmamış),

  • Siyako, M,, Aksoy, Z., Burkan, K. A. ve Demir, O., 1981, Zonguldak dolayının jeolojisi ve hidrokarbon olanakları : Türkiye Petrolleri A, O., Arama Grubu, rap*, no : 1536,

  • Soytürk, N, ve Birgül, A,, 1971, İstanbul Boğazı, Karadeniz Ereğlisi arasının jeoloji incelemesi : Türkiye Petrolleri A, O», Arama Grubu, rap,, no : 534 (yayımlanmamış).

  • Şengör, A, M. C, Yılmaz, Y. ve Ketin, L, 1980, Remnants of Pre-Late Jurassic Ocean in Northern Turkey : Geological Society of American Bulletin, Part I, V. 91, p. 559409, 8 figs,

  • Taugourdeau, P. ve Abdüsselamoğlu, S,, 1962, Presence de Chitinosoaries dans le Siluro-Dévonien turc des environs d`Istanbul : Extrait du C.R.S.S. de la Soc, GéoL de France du Novembre, 238,

  • Tokay, M., 1952, Karadeniz Ereğlisi, Alaph, Kızıltepe, Alacaağzı bölgesi jeolojisi : Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü dergisi, sa,, 4243, 1-35 s.

  • Yalçınlar, î., 1956, istanbul`da bulunan graptolitli Silür şistleri hakkında not : İstanbul Üniversitesi, Coğrafya Enstitüsü Dergisi. 4 : 157-160.

  • Yazman, M. ve Çokuğraş İL, 1983, Adapazarı, Kandıra, Düzce, Akçakoca yerleşme merkezleri ile sınırlı alanın jeolojisi ve hidrokarbon olanakları : Türkiye Petrolleri A. O., Arama Grubu, Rapt| no : 1747 (yayımlanmamış)

    • On Fauna and Flora of Muş and Aladağ
    Hayriye Neriman Ülkümen Rückert
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    Abstract: The fossils of brackish beds of Muş and Aladağ regions of Eastern Anatolia was investigated : It was mainly dealed with Leusiccus (Palaeoleociscus) eoningensis AG. Furthermore, mollusca oflimnic waters which contain maximum 0,3 % Salt Such as genuses of planorbarius, Gyraulus and Congeria; Ostracoda Cyprideis torosa (JONES, 1850) and four leaf fossils were found. Those fossils had livedfrom Upper Miocene to Pliocene.

  • mollusca

  • fossil

  • Aladağ

  • Muş

  • Agassız, L., 1832, Untersuchungen über die fossilen Süßwasser-Fische der tertiären Formationen: Neues Jahrb., p, 132; Heidelberg

  • Agassi., L,, 18354839, Reherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles, 5, pt. II, p. 24, pi. 57, fig. 4,5; pi, 58; Neuchâtel.

  • Meyer, H.V., 1851, Fossile Fische aus dem Tertiärthon von Unter-Kirchberg an der Hier: Palaeontographica, 2, p. 9$, pL I, fig. 2; Cassel.

  • Rücket - Ülkümen, N., 1980, Fossile Fische und Frosche aus dem höheren Miozän von Zentral-Anatolien: Scientific Reports of the Faculty of Science, Ege University No: 249. s. 3, Taf. I, fig, 1; Izmir

    • Upper Eocene - Lower Oligocene Calcareous Nannoplankton Biostratigraphy of The Korkuteli Region (NW Antalya)
    Hatice Vedia Toker
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    Abstract: The present study is a research on calcareous nannoplankton from the Upper Eocene -Lower Oligocene sediments of the Korkuteli Region which are represented by alternating marl, limestone and sandstone. Fourty-eight nannoplankton species have been defined in this sequence and thetollowing six nannoplankton zones have been distinguished :Upper Eocene: Sphenolithus pseudoradians zone, Isthmolithus recurvus zone Chiasmolithus oamaruensis zone, Discoaster saipanensis zone, Lower Oligocene : Helicopontosphaera reticulata zone, Ericsonia subdisticha zone.The Eocene/Oligoccne boundry can be defined by the last occurrence of Discoaster barbadiensisand Discoaster saipanensis. Also, results were correlated with the other studies for the same stratigraphic level of the world. The study showed that nannoplankton association belongs to the temperate rather than tropic region.Globigerinatheka somiinvoluta zone, Globorotalia cerroazulensis cerroazulensis zone in the UpperEocene and Cassigerella chipolensis/Pseudohastigeri na micra zone in the Lower Oligocene sedimentswere determined. These planktonic foraminifera zones were also correlated with the nannoplanktonzones.

  • nannoplankton

  • planktonic foraminifera

  • biostratigraphy

  • Korkuteli

  • Bizon, G., Bizon, J.J., Feinberg, H., ve Öztümer, E., 1974, Antalya, Mut ve Adana havzaları Tersiyeri, biyostratigrafisi ve Mikropaleontolojik yenilikleri: Türkiye 2. Petrol Kong. 217-228.

  • Bramlette, M.N., and Wilcoxon, J.A., 1967, Middle Tertiary calcareous nannoplankton of the Cipero section, Trinidad, W.I. : Tulane Studies Geology, 5, 93-131.

  • Brunn, J.H., Dumont, J.F., Graciansky, P., Gutnic, M., Juteau, T., Marcoux, J., Monod, O. and Poisson, A., 1971, Outline of the geology of the western Taurides. in Geology and history of Turkey: A.S. Campbell (ed.) Petrol Explor. Soc. Libya, Tripoli, 225-255.

  • Brunn, J.H., Argyriadis, I., Marcoux, J., Monod, O., Poisson, A., and Ricou, L., 1975, Antalya’nın ofiyolit naplarimn orjini lehinde ve aleyhinde kanıtlar : Cumhuriyetin 50. yılı yerbilimleri kongresi, 58-76

  • Bukry, D., 1981, Pacific coast coccolith stratigraphy between point conception and Cabo corrientes: leg 63 : D.S.D.P. 63 (1) 445-471.

  • Decima, F.R., Roth, P.H., and Todesco, L., 1975, Nannoplancton calcareo del Paleocene e dell`Eocene della Sezione di Possagno: Schweiz. Palaont. Abh., 97, 35-55

  • Ellis, C.H., 1982, Deep Sea Drilling Project leg 60, : D.S.D.P. 60

  • Graciansky, P., 1968, Teke yarımadası Toroslarının üst üste gelmiş ünitelerinin stratigrafisi : M.T.A. Der., 71

  • Hay, W.W., Mohler, H.P., and Wade, M., 1966, Calcareous nannofossiles from Nal`chik (NW Caucasus) : Ecl. Geol. Helv. 59 (1), 379-399.

  • Hay, W.W., Mohler, H.P., Roth, P.H., Schmidt, R.R., Boudreaux, J.E., 1967, Calcareous nannoplankton zonation of the cenozoic of the Gulf Coast and Carribbean-Antillean area and trans - oceanic correlations: Trans. Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. 17, 428-480.

  • Kalafatçıoğlu, A., 1973, Antalya körfezi batı kısmının jeolojisi: M.T.A. Dergisi 81, 82-131

  • Koçyiğit, A., 1984, Güneybatı Türkiye ve yakın dolayında levha içi yeni tektonik gelişim : T.J.K. Bull. 27(1) 1-16

  • Martini, E., 1970, Standard Paleogene calcareous nannoplankton zonation: Nature 226, 560-561.

  • Martini, E., 1971, Standard Tertiary and Quaternary calcareos nannoplankton zonation: Proc. II. Planktonic Conf., Roma, 739-803.

  • Özgül, N., 1971, Orta torosların kuzey kesiminin yapısal gelişiminde blok hareketlerinin önemi : T.J.K. Bul. 14, 75-87

  • Özgül, N., 1976, Torosların bazı temel jeolojik özellikleri : T.J.K. Bul. 19, 65-78

  • Özgül, N., ve Arpat, E., 1973, Structural units of the Taurus orogenic belt and their continuation in neighbouring regions: The 23 rd. Congress of CIESM in Athens: Bull. Geol. Soc. Greece, 156-164.

  • Poisson, A., 1977, Recherches geologiques dans les Taurides occidentales (Turquie) : These L`Universite de Paris-sud, 1-2

  • Poisson, A., Poignant, A.F., 1974, La formation de Karabayir base de la transgression miocene dans la region de Korkuteli: Bull. Min. Res. Expl. Inst. Turkey, 82, 67-71.

  • Poisson, A., Akay, E., Cravatte, J., Müller, C., Uysal Ş., 1983, Donnees nouvelles sur la chronologic de mise en place des nappes d’Antalya au centre de 1’angle d`lsparta (Taurides occidentales, Turquie) : C.R. Acad. Sc. s. 11, 923 p.

  • Toker, V., 1979, Nannoplankton’lar: Yeryuvarı ve İnsan, 3544,

  • Toker, V., 1982, Calcareous Nannoplankton in the Eocene formation at the Kaman Region : Communications de la Fac. Sci. de L’Univ. D’Ankara, Supl. 2, p. 1-33

  • Toker, V., ve Erkan, E., 1985, Gelibolu yarımadası Eosen formasyonları nannoplankton biyostratigrafisi: M.T.A. Dergisi, 101-102, 72-91.

  • Toker, V., 1984, Nannoplankton’larla Korkuteli Yöresi (KB Antalya) Miyosen biyostratigraphisi: 499 no’lu proje, TBTAK - Ankara.

    • Palynologie Examination of the Akhisar (Çıtak) Coal Deposits
    Funda Akgün Erol Akyol
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    Abstract: In this study, the palynologie characteristics of the coal and shale units occuring in thealluvial and lake deposits of the Miocene succession in the east of Akhisar have been examined. TheMiocene succession in this area has been separated in the Göcek, Yeniköy, Küçükderbent, Karaboldereand Ahmetler formations in the ascending order.Nine stratigraphie sections have been examined in this study which are located in the coal horizonof the Yeniköy Formation, Çakmaklık member of the Ahmetler Formation and in the Çıtak memberof the Karaboldere Formation, Out of 136 samples examined, 60 of them are found rich in sporomorph.From 22 genuses and 71 species that are determined, 9 genuses and 9 species belong to pollen.The recognition of the sporomorphs fossilized in reducing conditions which were probably poor inoxygen and light, suggests a fresh-water and a swamp environment. The sporomorph content of the coaldeposits also indicate a plant assemblage which was grown in a warm and moist climatic conditions,

  • sporomorph

  • coal

  • Akhisar

  • Miocene

  • Akgün, F., 1981, Yırca çevresinin jeolojisi ve palinolojisi : Bitirme Ödevi, EÜ, Fen, Fak, Yerbî!. Böl. JeoL Kürsüsü, 46 s, (yayınlanmamış,)

  • Akyol, E,, 1971, Microflore de Oligocène inférieur récoltée dans un sondage près d`Avcikoru, Şİle-îstanbul : Pollen Spores, XII, 1, 117-134,

  • Akyol, E., 1978, Palinoloji ders notlan : EÜ. Fen Fak, Yerbil. Böl. yayınları, 45 s,

  • Akyol, E,, 1980, Bayat (Çorum) Eoseninin palînolojik incelemesi ve Karakaya-Emirşah kömürleri arasında deneştirme denemesi : Maden Tetkik Arama Enst., 91, 39-53.

  • Alişan, C, 1980, Evciler çevresinin jeolojisi ve palino» lojisi : Bitirme ödevi, EÜ, Fen. Fak, Yerbil. Böl Jeol. Kürsüsü, 61 s, (yayınlanmamış),

  • Arslan, R,, 1979, Kütahya-Tunçbilek sahasındaki sondaj erimeklerinin polinoloji incelemesi : Türkiye Jeol. Kur, Büİt., 22, 1, 135441.

  • Bassıounı, M.A., 1979, Brackische und marine Ostrakoden ausdem Oligozän und Neogen der Türkei : GeoL Jb. B 31.

  • Becker-Platen, J.D., 1970, Lithostratigraphische Untersuchungen im Känozoikum Siidwest-ÀnatoHens (Türkei) : Bein, GeoL Jb., 97, 244 s.

  • Becker-Platen, J.D., 1971, Stratigraphie division of the Neogene and Oldest Pleistosene in Soutwest Anatolia : NevsL Stratigr., 1, 3, 19-22,

  • Becker-Platen, JB., Benda, L. ve Steffens, P., 1977, Litho-und biostratigraphische Deutung radiometrischer Alterbestimmungen aus dem Jungtertiär der Türkei : GeoL Jb. B, 25, 139467.

  • Benda, L., 1971 a, Principles of the palynologie subdivision of the Turkish Neogene : Newsl. Stratigr., 1, 3, 23-26.

  • Benda, L., 1971 b, Grundzuge einer pollenanalytischen Gliederung des Türkischen Jungtertiärs : Beih. JeoL Jb., 113,46 s.

  • Benda, L, ve Meulenkamp, J.E., 1979, Biostratigraphic correlations in the Eastern Mediterranean Neogene 5, calibration of sporomorf associations, marine microfossil and mammal zones, marine and continental stages and the radiometric scale : Ann, GeoL Pays, Helen,, Tome hors série, l, 61, 70.

  • Benda, L„ Meulenkamp, J.E. ve Schmidt, R,R,, 1982, Biostratigraphic 6, correlation between sporomorph, marine microfossil anh mammal associations from some Miocene sections of the Ionian Islands and Crete (Greece) : Newsl. Stratigr., 11, 2, 83-93,

  • Benda, L., Meulenkamp, J.E, ve Zacharîasse, W.J., 1974, Biostratigraphic correlations in the Eastern Mediterranean Neogene, 1. correlation between planctonic foraminiferal uvigerinid, sporomhorphal and mammal zonations of the Cretan and Italian Neogene: Newsl. Stratigr,, 3, 3, 205-217

  • Brelie, G, vonder, 1954, Anadolu linyitlerinin tetkiki hakkında rapor : Maden Tetkik Arama Enst. Rap,, 2548 (yayınlanmamış)

  • Brelie, G., 1958, Ankara vilayetine bağlı Kayı»Bucuk linyit kömürü zuhurunun yaş durumu hakkında palinolojik tetkikler : Maden Tetkik Arama Enst,, 50, 30-35,

  • Brinkmann, K., Feist, IL, Marr, W.U., Nickel; E., Schlimm, W. ve Walter, H.R., 1970, Soma dağlarının jeolojisi : Maden Tetkik Arama Enst,, 74, 41-57.

  • Gökçen, N., 1978, Kale-Yemşehîr (Denizli) ile Göktepe, Kavaklıdere ve Yatağan (Muğla) bölgeleri Neojen istifinin stratigrafik ve paleontolojik incelemesi : Doçentlik Tezi, 176 s,

  • Nakoman, E, 1966 a, Contribution à Fétude palynoïogique des formations, tertiaris du bassin de Tharee. I. Etude qualitative : Ann, Soc, ĞeoL Nord. 86, 65-107

  • Nakoman, E,, 1966 b, Analyse sporopollinique des lignites Eocenes de Sorgun (Yozgat-Turquie) : Bull. Miner, Res, Explor. Xnst, Turkey, 67, 68-88/

  • Nakoman, E., 1967 a. Güneybatı Anadolu`nun Tersiyer niikroflorasinda rastlanan bazı yeni formlar : Maden Tetkik Arama Enst, 68, 27-38.

  • Nakoman, E., 1967 b Karhova-Halifan linyitlerinin sporopollmik etüdleri : Türkiye Jeolf Kur. Bült, XI, 1-2, 68-90.

  • Nakoman, E., 1967 c. Microflore des dépôts tertiaires du Sud-Quest de FAnatolie : Pollen Spores, IV, 1, 121-142.

  • Nakoman, E., 1968 a, Contribution à l`étude de la microflore thertiarie des lignites de Seyitömer (Turquie) : Pollen Spores, 10, 3, 521« 556

  • Nakoman, E., 1968 b, Ağaçlı linyitlerinin mikroflorasmm etüdü : TürMye JeoL Kur. Bült, XI, 1-2, 51^57.

  • Sıckenberg, O., 1975, Die Gliederung des höheren Jungtertiärs und Altquartärs in der Türkei nach Vertebraten und ihre Bedeutung für die internationale Neogen-Stratigraphie : GeoL Jb., 15, 109416.

  • Thomson, F/W,, ve Pflug, H.D., 1953, Pollen und Sporen des Mitteleuropäischen Tertiärs : Palaeonthographica, Abt. B 94, 119-130,

  • Yağmurlu, F., 1982, Kömürleşme alanlarının ortamsai özellikleri ve kömür aramalarmdaki Önemi : EU. YerbiL Fak, Genel Jeol. Bölümü Araş. Uygu. ve Çev. Yayınları, 6.

  • Yağmurlu, F., 1983 a, Kömür oluşumunun fiziksel ve kimyasal koşulları : Yer Yuvarı İnsan Derg., 8, 2, 1348

  • Yağmurlu, F., 1983 b, Akhisar doğusu Neojen topluluğunun jeolojisi ve kömür potansiyeli : Doktora Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üni. Fen Bilimleri Enst,, 217 s.

    • The Paleoecology and Systematic Description of the Large Bentie Foramînîfera (Lepidocyclina Gigas Cushman, Burdigalian) in the Bulanık (Muş), Kadirli (Adana) and Andırın (K. Maraş) Regions
    Mehmet Sakinç
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    Abstract: This investigation aims at the systematic description of Lepidoeyclina gigas Cuchman, thelargest known from of the Lepidocyclinidae (Foraminifera) family with Central American origin, in addition to its biostratigraphical position and paleoecology in Turkey,The samples related to this species which are located at Muş-Bulanık (Mollababa village), Kadirli(Adana) and Andırın (K, Maraş) regions have large tests consisting of selliforms having 5 cm diameters. Test surface is covered pentagonal lateral chamber traces, The first chamber is microspherical.Neanic chambers are hexagonal - arc type. In axial, section, weak pillar formations and irregular lateralchamber lines are observed.This species exists together with such bentic foraminifera as Lepidocyeylina (Eitlepidina) bridgeiCole, L. (Nephrolepidina) verbeeki (New-Holl), Miogy psinoides dehaarti Van der Vlerk and M, grandipus*tulus Cole in Lower Miocene (Burdigalian) while its stratigraphical leva! in Central America is MiddleUpper Oligocène and in Somali Upper Oligocene-Lo wer Miocene,It is generally observed that, in the same sedim entary rocks that house I» gigas Cushman, thereexist next to it the bentic organism groups formed by kind and species of families such as Miogypsinidae, Lepidocyclinidae, Nummulitidae, Alveolinidae and Peneroplidae, and by forms related to Coelenterata (hermatype), Pelecypoda, Gastropoda, Echino dermata and red algea. These fauna have lived inthe recifal environments of the tropical-subtropical seas of the Burdigalian (Lower Miocene) according tothe Coelënterate (hermatype) and red algea.

  • foraminifera

  • red algea

  • Andırın

  • Adana

  • Muş

  • Ager, D,V, 1963, Principles of paleoecology : Me Graw -Hill book company, U.S.A., 309 s.

  • Cole, W,S„ 1952, Eocene and Oligocène larger foraminifera from the Panama Canal zone and vicinity : U.S, GeoL Survey prof, paper, 244, 1-38.

  • Cushman, J,A,, 1919, Fossil foraminifera from the West Indies : Carnegie Inst. Washington, 291, 23-71.

  • Cushman, J.A., 1920, The American species of Orthopharagmina and Lepidocyclina : U.S. GeoL Survey prof, paper, 125-D, 39-108#

  • Fampal, S., 1984, Doğu Toroslar KadirlMCozan (Adana), Çokak (K. Maraş) arasındaki bölgenin jeolojisi ; Selçuk Üniv. (Doktora tezi)

  • Sakınç, M,, 1982, Mollababa-Uruman (Muş ili) yöresinin jeolojisi, biyostratigrafisi ve paleontolojisi ; 1st. Yerbilimleri, 3, 1-2,

  • Silvestri, A., 1937, Foraminiferi delF Oligocène dell Miocene della Somalia : Paleontogr. Italica, Siena, 32, 45-264.

  • Vauglıan, T.W,, 1924, American and European Tertiary larger foraminifera : Bull. GeoL Am. 35, 795- 822,

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    • Trataonite Ca4, Si3 O10 2H2O, A New Mineral
    Halil Sarp Georges Burri
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    Abstract: Trabzonite, ideally Ca4Si3O10.2H2O, has been found near îkizdere at NW of Varda Yaylası(Rize) (near Trabzon country) - Turkey and occurs in skarn produced by granitic intrusion in volcanosedimentary formations. Associated minerals are : spurrite, rustumite, perovskite, calcite, vesuvianite,tobermorite, garnet, defernite, killalaite, hillebrandite and molybdenite. The crystals, colourless, are smallirregular or hypidiomorphs from 0.1 to 0.2 mm with a white streak and lustre vitreous; transparent.The hardness could not be measured because of small size. Chemical composition determined byelectron microprobe is: CaO 50.2, MgO 0.13, MnO 0,04, Na2O 0.3, A12O3 0.05, SiO2 4038 and H2O7(weight loss), Total 98,1 %. The crystal system is monoclinic, space group 1?21 or P21/m with a=6.895(2),b = 20,640 (3), c = 6,920 (2)A°, ß = 985 and Z = 4. The a : b : c ratio calculated from unit-cell parametersis 0.3341: 1: 0.3353. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern (dAe for CuK y weak to moderate, Optical orientation : X A c c* 8°, y = b, Z = a.Trabzonite is named for to honour the vilâyet of Trabzon.

  • garnet

  • crystal system

  • Trabzonite

  • new mineral

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  • Sarp, H., J. Deferne et Sarmalı, E., 1982-A, Métamorphisme polythermal de Güneyce4kizdere (Pontides orientales, Turquie) et quelques précisions sur les conditions de formation de la defernite : Arch. Se, Genève, Fasc. 3, 35,279-288,

  • Sarp, H,, J. Deferne et Sarman, E„ 1982-B, Seconde occurence de Killalaite dans un skarn delà région de Güneyce-lkizdere (Pontides orientales, Turquie) : Arch, Sa, Genève, Fasc, 3, 35, 275-278,

  • Taner, M.F., 1976, Etude géologue et pétrographique de la région de Güneyce-îkizdere, située au S de Rize (Pontides orientales, Turquie) : Thèse no 1788, Genève.

    • Stratigraphy and Nature of the Northern Margin of the Karabük - Safranbolu Tertiary Basin
    Ali Koçyiğit
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    Abstract: The NE-SW oriented, funnel-shaped area, which extends from Bolu in southwest to Kastamonu in northeast, and filled with Eocene to Post - Eocene deposits, has been named as Karabük - Safranbolu Tertiary basin.In its southwest section, both northern and southern and southern margins of the basin are tectonicin character, and therefore, much more narrower, The northwestern margin of basin displays diversecharacteristics such as thrust fault, overturned fold and angular unconformity.In the Karabük region, sediments of in this ba sin are shallow marine deposits of Lower Lutetianage and fluvial deposits. These rocks have been divided in six formations and four members, andnamed separately,The present shape of basin has been formed at the end of Upper Lutetian; it has characteristics of anintermontane basin. Since the Upper Pliocene time, it might has been uplifted at least twice.

  • thrust fault

  • marine deposit

  • Stratigraphy

  • Kastamonu

  • Blumenthal, M.M., 1948, Bolu civarı ile Aşağı Kızılırmak Mecrası arasındaki Kuzey Anadolu Silsilelerinin jeolojisi : Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enst,, Seri B, No. 13, 265 s.

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  • Uysal, H,, 1959, Bolu-Merkeşler bölgesinin jeolojisi ve linyit imkanları : Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enst, Derg,, 52,107-115,

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    • Mineralogie-Petrographie and Geochemical Investigation of the Pliocene Canik Volcanics in Central Black Sea Region, (Central Fontides, Turkey)
    Mehmet Nuri Terzioğlu
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    Abstract: Canik volcanics consist of generally basaltic and locally andesitic rocks. Basaltic rockscontain plagioclase, pyroxene and olivine phenoerysts, with a groundmass of piagioelase, olivine, pyroxene and opaque mineral microlites and volcanic glass; andesitic rocks contain small plagioclase andpyroxene phenocrysts with a groundmass of plagioclase, pyrexene and opaque mineral microlites.Samples of basaltic rocks indicate that they have subalkaline character with respect to their totalalkalies-silica contents; tholeiitic series character with respect to Äl2Qrnormativ6 plagioclase compostt ions; cotaminated magma tic character with respect to ¥1 and F2 discriminant functions; and a complexpetrochemhical character pointing to a sialic origin with respect to % values. Incompatible and traceelement chemistry (particularly K, Ti, Rb, Sr, Zr, Y, Nb contents and Ti/Y, Zr/Y, Y/Nb, K/Rb ratios)indicate that voleanies show similarities to continental tholeiitic basalts and they are subjected to theprocesses of crustal contamination and magmatic differentiation.With all these petrochemical data, it is thought that Canik volcanics are related to underplatingwhich was developed by partial melting of the up the effects of compression tectonics and originatefrom a magma of gabbroic composition which is formed by the intrusion of picritic source magma,which was devloped by partial melting of the upper mantle, in  the upper levels of crust-mantleboundary as a series of sills and its differentiation,

  • pyroxene

  • plagioclase

  • Canik volcanics

  • trace element

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