Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Abstract: Kayaların mekanik özellikleri üzerinde inceleme ve araştırmaların başladığı ve ilerlediği son elli sene içinde, kayalardan alınmış olan numunelerin laboratuvarlarda denenmesiyle başlayan etüdler sonunda varılan neticelerle, sonradan, yeraltında, «in situ» olarak yapılan deneylerin sonuçları arasında büyük farklar bulunmuştur. KARMANN ve MÜLLER`in 1911 yılında yapmış oldukları ilk üç eksenli kompresyon deneylerinde ne kadar önemli olduğunu ispatlamıştır. Diğer taraftan sıcaklık derecesinin, derinlere gidildikçe artması dolayısı ile, laboratuvarda deney yapılırken numunenin sıcaklık derecesinin artırılması, kompresyon esnasında taşın plastikleştiğini intaç ettiği görülmektedir. Bu iki faktöre bir de zaman faktörü katılınca, kayalarının aynı basınç altında, deforme olmaya devam ettiği görülmektedir, O halde uzun zaman süreleri zarfında kayalarda viskoz (viscous) dediğimiz bir şekil değiştirmesi meydana gelmektedir. O halde, Jeolojik devirlerden birinde bir taş tabakası teşekkül ettikten sonra, çeşitli yüklere maruz kalması sonucu önce: Elâstik bir deformasyon: Δ_el sonra plastik bir deformasyon: Δ_pl ve en sonra da zaman ile orantılı bir viskoz (viscous) deformasyon: Δv meydana gelmiştir. Halen yapılmakta olan yer kabuğu deformasyon ölçmelerinde, arz kabuğunun deforme olmaya devam ettiği ve bu deformasyon hızının bölgeden bölgeye farklar arz ettiği tespit edilmektedir. 

Abstract: The application of the methods of borehole geophysicshas diagnostic importance in groundwater studies which includes groundwater investigations, planning, production, production control.Borehole geophysics comprises all geophysical measurements applied in boreholes. The measuring technic of geophysical work, log programing and interpretation in water wellsexhibit distinguished characteristics from those oil and miningborehole geophysics.In the article, the application of borehole geophysical methodshave been outlined in the light of those characteristics.  

Abstract: Présence, pour la première fois dans le Carbonifère, du genre Diplopora Schafhäutl, algue calcaire dasycladacée, est montrée; description de D. tulayae n. sp., du Viséen du Maroc (Afrique du Nord) est donnée.

Abstract: Descriptions of a new Permian genus of dasyclad Algae Embergerella gen. nov. and the type species Embergerella anatoliana sp. nov. are given.

Abstract: The studied area is located at the southern boundaryof the İzmir-Ankara geosyncline, to the west of Kütahya. Themap area of Budağan Dağ is cut in two segments by an WNWtrending steep fault, the Great Fault (new name). On the oppositesides of the Great Fault the rock assemblages are different ,andthe stratigraphie sequences are formed independently.At the north of the Great Fault the following rock sequence occurs, in descending order :

-Aphanitic limestone (Budağandağ limestone).

-Shale ,and graywacke associated with exotics (Karaçalı formation).

-Diabasic deriviatives associated with exotics, which are differentiated in `exotic zones`;

-Diabasic lava, tuff; bedded chert ,and recrystallized limestone(Ovacık group).

-Lawsonite - albite schist (Kızıltepe formation)

-Ultrabasic

Except the lawsonite - albite schist unit, the others are free ofmetamorphism. All the boundaries between the rock units represent the erosional Stages.

At the south of the Great Fault the rock sequence, in descendingorder, is as followed:

-Aphanitic limestone, tectonic marble (Budağan limestone)

-Metasedimentites (Üyücek formation)

-Quartz-albite-muscovite-chlorite schist (İkibaşlı formation)

The Budağandağ limestone covers the Great Fault ,and has suffered local dinamometamorphism in a zone reflecting the reactivation of the Great Fault.The lawsonite - albite schist is restricted to the northerly lyingdepositional site, as an earlier cycle of sedimentation on the ultrabasic basement. The present criteria eliminate the possibility of an origin of sedimentary overburden / of thrust tectonic. Certain evidences exist for interstitial circulation, resembling a metasomatic process.On the ultrabasic plus lawsonite - albite schist basement, theOvacık group shows marked overstep southwards, so that theuppermost part of the group on the extreme southern margin liesdirectly on the metamorphic sucession. The Karaçalı formationabruptly decreases in thickness toward the south. To the reference horizon of Budağan Dağ limestone, at least, 1300 m thickstratigraphie column is lacking at the south of the Great Fault.It could be argued that tensional movements developed in thecrust just after the emplacement of the ultrabasic as an uppermantel portion. The tensional forces might, at least, have playeda role during / to the end of the ultrabasic emplacement as thecomponent of the driving forces at depths.The isostatic ,and tectonic rearrangement of the ultrabasic yielded a continuously mobile, linear depression. In this trough arhythm of eugeosynclinal ,and miogeosynclinal conditions occured.In the area vertical gravity tectonic is predominating. The soundly established thrust faults are younger than the deposition of diabasic material ,and also that of the younger units. The availableages are Maestrichtian ,and Late Senonnian for the Budağan limestone ,and Karaçalı formation, respectively.

Abstract: It has been possible to generalize the results of geophysical resistivity survey, to a distinctive classification, of few alluvial cones in our Country. The correlation of resistivity crossection values and resistivity values derived from field curves obtained nearby the wells, and electrical logs, of Aksaray, Koç-hisar, and Merzifon alluvial cones have been made. it has been pointed out that the structure and thickness of the alluvial cones, has been found different due to the principal of sedimantation of alluvial cones.

It has known that Aksaray alluvial cone is also Important from the engineering point of view. Results of geophysical survey has been provided the best available and efficient data for the artificial recharge problem of the area. The cause of the exceeding thickness of iinconsolidated material of Merzifon alluvial cone have been attributed to the occurences of recent faulting.

Generally, in the article, it has been given emphasize to the efficiency of geophysical resistivity surveys, in the determination of the geometry of alluvial cones.