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Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

2015 AĞUSTOS Cilt 58 Sayı 3
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Petrography and Petrology of the Calc-alkaline Şapçı (Balıkesir) Volcanics: Volcanism Related to Collision in the Biga Peninsula (NW Turkey)
Dilber Erdem Zafer Aslan
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Abstract: In this study, it is aimed to determine petrographical and petrological and sources characteristics of theŞapçı volcanics. The Biga Peninsula (NW Turkey) located in Sakarya Zone is an important belt where collisional magmatism is common and magmatic-tectonic events are seen together. The geology of theBiga Peninsula is so complex that there are various metamorphic, sedimentary, and magmatic rocks fromPalaezoic to Pliocene. The oldest unit in the study area is Late Cretaceous aged Bornova Flysch. LateCretaceous aged Yayla Melange overlies tectonically this unit. These units are cut by Hallaçlar volcanics.Hallaçlar volcanics are also cut by Early Miocene aged Şapçı volcanics.The Şapçı volcanics are composed of andesite and pyroclastics with microlitic, microlitic porphyric,hyalomicrolitic, fluidal, and sieve textures. The volcanics contain mainly plagioclase, amphibole,biotite, and opaque oxides, and accessory apatite and zircon. Petrochemically, the Şapçı volcanics havemedium-K, calc-alkaline in character, and show large ion lithophile elements (LILE) enrichment onN-MORB normalized spider diagrams. On chondrite-normalized rare earth element plots, the volcanicrocks show a concave upward shape with LaCN/LuCN=7.16-21.84. These patterns and Harker variationplots suggest that amphibole and plagioclase fractional crystallization were played a signicant role inthe evolution of the studied volcanics. The studied Şapçı volcanics represent post-collisional setting, andtheir parent magma has derived from enriched mantle.  

  • Calk-alkaline rocks

  • enriched mantle

  • genesis

  • geochemistry

  • tectonic environment


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    • Petrography and Late Cenozoic Geodynamic Evolution of Simav (Kütahya) and Surroundings
    Erdem Gündoğdu Süha Özden Talip Güngör
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    Abstract: The Late Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of Simav (Kütahya) and surroundings was determined by datingactive tectonic structures in the region (Simav Fault and Simav Detachment Fault) and granitic andvolcanic rocks of the Eğrigöz Magmatic Complex. Additionally it was revealed that the currently normal Simav Fault, in previous periods acted as a strike-slip fault according to dating studies of fault planesand field observations. Dating of the fault planes along the Simav Fault determined that initiation of theSimav Fault occurred in the interval between 19.3-26.1 Ma. In this period the Simav Fault demonstratedstrike-slip fault behavior in a compressional regime. The results of dating studies of the Eğrigöz andKoyunoba Plutons (21.9-26.3 Ma) reveal that the unroofing of these plutons was related to the SimavDetachment Fault (20.0-27.4 Ma). Additionally the presence of volcanism in the time period was identified(7.1-21.3 Ma). The Simav Fault which displayed previous strike-slip character currently has listric normalfault behavior after a tectonic regime change in the Plio-Quaternary. The transition from extensionalcompressional regime to a regional extensional regime and cause of the tectonic regime change is thoughtto be related to the complex subduction process (slab-pull and and roll-back) between the African Plateand Anatolian Plate in the Eastern Mediterranean. 

  • Late Cenozoic

  • radiometric dating

  • Simav detachment fault

  • Simav fault

  • Tectonic regime change

  • West Anatolia


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    • Palaeoecology of the Early-Middle Miocene Coal-Bearing Sediments: Examples From the Uşak-Güre and Soma Basins
    Mehmet Serkan Akkiraz Funda Akgün Torsten Utescher Volker Wilde Angela Bruch Volker Mosbrugger Sariye Duygu Üçbaş-Durak
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    Abstract: This study reveals paleoecological characteristics of the coal-bearing Miocene sediments in the Somaand Uşak-Güre basins. Palynological samples from the Soma Basin were obtained from a drilling nearArabacıbozköy. The thickness of drilling is around 425 m. The deposits are mainly made up of fineclastic sediments including lignite and tuffite levels. Levels with clastic and lignite correspond to theSoma Formation. The section containing the volcano-clastic levels corresponds to the Deniş Formation.Palynological assemblage from the Soma Formation includes abundant undifferentiated Pinaceae,Cupressaceae, evergreen Quercus, Quercus spp. and Alnus. In the assemblage herbaceous plants, such asPoaceae and Ephedra are observed in low quantities. The Deniş Formation also contains a high percentageof sporomorphs recorded in the Soma Formation. Castanea and Engelhardia are also abundant here.However, herbaceous plants recorded in the Soma pollen assemblage with low percentages are representedby both high percentages and varieties and consist of Poaceae, Asteraceae ve Amaranthaceae.The Miocene sediments in the Uşak-Güre Basin occur in the Hacıbekir Group. Partial sections from thelignite-bearing sequences of İlyaslı, Banaz and Büyükoturak locations were taken and palynological sampleswere collected. Sporomorph assemblages of the sediments on each locations indicate that Polypodiaceae/Telipteridaceae, undifferentiated Pinaceae, evergreen Quercus, Quercus spp. and Alnus were abundant.However, there are some local differences in quantities. Diversity and percentage of spore are the highest inthe İlyaslı pollen assemblage. Also Cupressaceae encountered in other communities at low rates are in highquantities here. Carya and Sparganiaceae forms are predominant in the Büyükoturak pollen assemblage.Herbaceous plants such as Poaceae, Asteraceae and Amaranthaceae in the Büyükoturak and Banaz pollencommunities are aboserved in high quantities. These changes in the pollen concentrations should be relatedwith in local vegetational changes. According to palaeoclimate data obtained, deposition of coal-bearingdeposits in the Soma and Uşak-Güre basins might have occurred in warm and humid conditions.  

  • Arabacıbozköy

  • Miocene

  • Palaeoclimate

  • Palynology

  • Uşak-Güre Basin


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    • Cenozoic Humic Acid Properties of Bituminous Shales in the Region of Düzağaç (Kozan-Adana)
    Faruk Ay Ergün Kasaka
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    Abstract: Bituminous shale in our country takes second place in terms of reserve, when compared the fossil energyresources such as coal, petroleum and natural gas and for this reason, it appears that they have an important  value for the country economy. One of the biggest problems in our country, like in all over the world, isto meet the energy demand. Although lignite and coal from the most important fossil fuels having energypotential in our country have been considered important until today, it is not possible to say this for thebituminous shale. According to many scientific studies carried out in recent years, bituminous shale canbe used both energy resource and different areas. One of these areas is the efforts to increase agriculturalproductivity. In the vast majority in our country’s agricultural lands, due to below 1 % of organic matteramount, there is a need for organic matter additives such as fertilizers to obtain efficient and high qualityproducts. In this study, it has been tried to assess the potential of shale to increase the efficiency of soils,rather than as an energy source. In this context, possibility of use of Düzağaç (Kozan-Adana) bituminousshale as a soil conditioner (compost-humic acid) has been investigated. pH of Düzağaç bitumen wasdefined as 7.79 and this value will help our acidic soils to be balanced in terms of pH. In this study, itwas concluded that the use of bituminous shale, which has not economic value as an energy source in ourcountry, as compost (humic acid) is crucial to economical ways and our soil’s reclamation and future.

  • Adana-Kozan

  • bituminous shale

  • compost

  • Düzağaç

  • humic acid


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