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Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

2022 NİSAN Cilt 65 Sayı 2
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The Anatolian Diagonal: A Broad Left-Lateral Shear Zone Between the North Anatolian Fault Zone *and the Aegean / Cyprus Arcs
Ergin Gökkaya Bülent Kaypak Korhan Esat Esra Tunçel Gürol Seyitoğlu
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Abstract: Recent detailed examination of the internal deformation of the Turkish-IranianPlateau in the hinterland of Bitlis-Zagros Suture Zone, which is related to the collision of theArabian-Eurasian plates, indicates multiple intersection points between the right- left-lateral strike-slip structures explained by an inevitably broad left-lateral strike-slip shear zone,the Anatolian Diagonal.The faults bounding, internally deforming the Anatolian Diagonal were closelyexamined by using high-resolution satellite images, focal mechanism solutions of theearthquakes, published seismic reflection data in the offshore areas. The AnatolianDiagonal is a NE-SW trending left-lateral shear zone having a 170 km width between theCentral Anatolian, the East Anatolian fault zones, an 850 km length between Erzincan, the Cyprus Arc. It has at least four intersection points with the right-lateral North AnatolianFault Zone, the Southeast Anatolian-Zagros Fault Zone. As the offshore continuation of theEcemiş-Deliler Fault of the Anatolian Diagonal, the Biruni Fault reaches the Cyprus Arc,Piri Reis (Mediterranean) Ridge Front west of Cyprus. This structure creates a restrainingstepover with the left-lateral Antalya-Kekova Fault Zone, causes NW-SE trending thrustsof the Florence Rise , Antalya Thrust in the Antalya Basin. There is another restrainingstepover between the Antalya-Kekova Fault Zone, the Pliny-Strabo Fault Zone, where thethrust-controlled northern margin of Rhodes basin developed.In this neotectonic framework, there is no need for the existence of the highly-debatedleft-lateral Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone as an onshore continuation of the Pliny, Strabo faults.In fact, the westerly motion of the Anatolian plate is accommodated by the left-lateral AnatolianDiagonal Shear Zone, Antalya-Kekova Fault Zone, Pliny-Strabo Fault Zone together withthe right-lateral North Anatolian Fault Zone.

  • Anatolian Diagonal

  • Cyprus

  • East Anatolian Fault Zone

  • Eastern Mediterranean

  • Neotectonics

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  • Seyitoğlu, G. , Tunçel, E. , Kaypak, B. , Esat, K. & Gökkaya, E. (2022). The Anatolian Diagonal: A Broad Left-Lateral Shear Zone Between the North Anatolian Fault Zone and the Aegean / Cyprus Arcs . Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni , 65 (2) , 1-33 . DOI: 10.25288/tjb.1015537

    • Mineral Chemistry, Geochemistry ,and Petrology of Oligocene-Miocene Clac-alcaline Volcanic Rocks in Büyükbostancı-Çiçekpınar (Balıkesir, NW Turkey)
    Ferhat Bozan Zafer Aslan
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    Abstract: In this study, petrography, mineral chemistry, geochemistry ,and petrology of Oligocene-Miocene volcanicrocks located in the Büyükbostancı-Çiçekpınar (Balıkesir, NW Turkey) region in the south of Balıkesir wereinvestigated.The studied volcanics rocks have the composition of andesite, basaltic andesite, trachyandesite ,andaccompanying pyroclastics. Volcanic rocks show microlithic porphyry, porphyric, fluidal, glomeroporphyritic andspherulitic structures ,and consist of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, amphibole, biotite ,and Fe-Ti oxide as the majorminerals. According to the results of mineral chemistry analysis of the investigated volcanic rocks, plagioclasesare andesine (An33-47Ab49-61Or2-6) ,and labradorite (An60-62Ab34-38Or1-4), pyroxenes are augite ,and clinoenstatite(Wo43En75Fs36-Wo1En38Fs14) ,and biotite is Mg-bearing biotite. Geothermobarometry calculations from biotite yieldeda temperature range of 798–843 °C ,and a pressure range of 0.67–1.93 kbar. Geochemically, the volcanic rocks have high-K calc-alkaline features. Fractional crystallization ,and assimilationprocesses dominated by hornblende, clinopyroxene ,and biotite mineral differentiation affected the andesitic volcanicrocks. Trace element diagram for volcanic rocks normalized to normal-mid-ocean ridge basalts (N-MORB) showenrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE, Rb, U ,and Th) ,and depletion in high field strength elements(HFSE, Nb ,and Yb). In the rare earth element diagram normalized to chondrite, there is moderate enrichment of (La/Lu)N 8.29-15.65 ,and the curve generally has a concave shape. When the obtained data ,and regional geological dataare evaluated together, the investigated volcanic rocks are post-collisional products with subduction traces ,and arederived from enriched lithospheric mantle.  

  • Andesite

  • Biga Peninsula

  • Hallaçlar Volcanic Rocks

  • geochemistry

  • mineral chemistry


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  • Bozan, F. & Aslan, Z. (2022). Büyükbostancı-Çiçekpınar (Balıkesir, KB Türkiye) Yöresindeki Oligosen-Miyosen Yaşlı Kalk-alkalen Volkanik Kayaçların Mineral Kimyası, Jeokimyası ve Petrolojisi . Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni , 65 (2) , 117-148 . DOI: 10.25288/tjb.1018440

    • Termination of Little Ice Age in Northeastern Anatolia: A Multi-proxy Paleolimnology Study of Lake Aygır Sediments, (Kars, NE Anatolia)
    Ahmet Evren Erginal Nurettin Yakupoğlu Çağlar Çakir Abdullah Akbaş Serkan Kükrer
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    Abstract: Sedimentary, geochemical and stable isotope analyses of a sediment core (core AY) recovered from LakeAygır (NE Anatolia) provide evidence of the climatic shifts during the last ~500 yrs. Sediments in Lake Aygırare composed of silty clay with a modeled ~0.16 cm/yr sedimentation rate. Multi-proxy analyses of the downcoredistribution of detritally-deposited proxy elements, total calcium carbonate, organic carbon and stable isotopes revealclimatic records of the Industrial Epoch (IE; 18th-19th centuries) and the termination of the Little Ice Age (LIA; AD1350 to 1850), represented by fluctuating Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Ca, Sr and relatively low detrital precursors(Fe, Ti, K, Rb, Zr), indicating low chemical weathering and dry conditions. The upper part of the core (192 cal yrsBP to present), identified with high detrital input, contains an increasing trend of Fe, Ti, K, Rb, and Zr together withhigh δ18O and δ13C values, indicating warmer conditions during the IE.

  • Lake Aygır

  • NE Anatolia

  • paleoclimate

  • sediment coring

  • stable isotope

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    • Geophysical Study to Identify Iron Mineralization Anomalies Using Terrestrial Magnetometry in the Chak-Chak Exploration Area, Iran
    Ali Akbar Aali Aref Shirazi Adel Shirazi Shayan Khakmardan Abbas Maghsoudi Ardeshir Hezarkhani
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    Abstract: Mineral exploration is the underlying theme of industry and discoveries because humans havebeen exploring for minerals from the very beginning, based on their needs. This research aims to find promisingareas of iron ore mineralization in Chak-Chak Exploration area of Yazd province, Iran. The study’s range lies ata latitude of 32-33 degrees north and a longitude of 54-55 degrees east. This study collected data using terrestrialmagnetometry at 6222 points in a 20 m x 10 m grid. Initially, these data were pre-processed, such as removing themagnetic field effect of the Earth’s core. Subsequently, processes such as applying polarisation filters, trend surfacecorrection, upward and downward conversions, vertical derivatives and analytical signals on the terrestrial magneticdata were performed. The Exploration range contains numerous peaks in the southwest and other summits in thenortheast, according to the research findings. These anomalies are consistent with igneous rock units (rhyolites) andfaults. Consequently, it may be stated that one of the most rapid and least costly methods of detecting iron anomaliesis terrestrial magnetism, which produces satisfactory results.

  • Chak-Chak

  • iron

  • magnetic field

  • mineralization

  • terrestrial magnetism


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  • Shirazi, A., Hezarkhani, A., Shirazy, A., & Shahrood, I. (2018a). Exploration Geochemistry DataApplication for Cu Anomaly Separation Based On Classical and Modern Statistical Methods in South Khorasan, Iran. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications, 7, 39-44.

  • Shirazi, A., Hezarkhani, A., Shirazy, A., & Shahrood, I. (2018b). Remote sensing studies for mapping of iron oxide regions, South of Kerman, Iran. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications, 7(4), 45-51.

  • Shirazi, A., Shirazy, A., & Karami, J. (2018c). Remote sensing to identify copper alterations and promising regions, Sarbishe, South Khorasan, Iran. International Journal of Geology and Earth Sciences, 4(2), 36-52.

  • Shirazi, A., Shirazy, A., Saki, S., & Hezarkhani, A. (2018d). Geostatistics studies and geochemical modeling based on core data, sheytoor iron deposit, Iran. Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering, 6, 124-133.

  • Shirazy, A., Shirazi, A., Heidarlaki, S., & Ziaii, M. (2018a). Exploratory Remote Sensing Studies to Determine the Mineralization Zones around the Zarshuran Gold Mine. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications, 7(9), 274- 279.

  • Shirazy, A., Shirazi, A., & Hezarkhani, A. (2018b). Predicting gold grade in Tarq 1: 100000 geochemical map using the behavior of gold, Arsenic and Antimony by K-means method. Journal of Mineral Resources Engineering, 2(4), 11-23.

  • Shirazy, A., Shirazi, A., Ferdossi, M. H., & Ziaii, M. (2019). Geochemical and geostatistical studies for estimating gold grade in tarq prospect area by k-means clustering method. Open Journal of Geology, 9(6), 306-326.

  • Shirazy, A., Ziaii, M., & Hezarkhani, A. (2020a). Geochemical Behavior Investigation Based on K-means and Artificial Neural Network Prediction for Copper, in Kivi region, Ardabil province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Mining Engineering, 14(45), 96-112.

  • Shirazy, A., Ziaii, M., Hezarkhani, A., & Timkin, T. (2020b). Geostatistical and remote sensing studies to identify high metallogenic potential regions in the Kivi area of Iran. Minerals, 10(10), 869.

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  • Shirazy, A., Shirazi, A., & Nazerian, H. (2021b). Application of Remote Sensing in Earth Sciences–A Review. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications, 10, 45-51.

  • Shirazy, A., Shirazi, A., Nazerian, H., & Hezarkhani, A. (2021c). Investigation of Geochemical Sections in Exploratory Boreholes of Mesgaran Copper Deposit in Iran. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 9(8), 2364-2368.

  • Shirazy, A., Shirazi, A., Nazerian, H., Khayer, K., & Hezarkhani, A. (2021d). Geophysical study: Estimation of deposit depth using gravimetric data and Euler method (Jalalabad iron mine, Kerman province of Iran). Open Journal of Geology, 11(8), 340-355.

  • Shirazy, A., Ziaii, M., & Hezarkhani, A. (2021e). Geochemical behavior investigation based on k-means and artificial neural network prediction for titanium and zinc, Kivi region, Iran. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University, Geo Assets Engineering, 332(3), 113-125.

  • Shirazy, A., Hezarkhani, A. , Shirazi, A. , Khakmardan, S. & Rooki, R. (2022). K-Means Clustering and General Regression Neural Network Methods for Copper Mineralization probability in ChaharFarsakh, Iran. Geological Bulletin of Turkey, 65(1), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1010636

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  • Tian, W.-f., Hao, J.-J., Yan, J.-y., Li, C.-z., & Zhao, X.- w. (2010). Application of synthetic geophysical methods to deep exploration of Hanxing-type iron deposit. Progress in Geophysics, 25(4), 1442- 1452.

  • Aali, A. A. , Shirazi, A. , Shirazy, A. , Khakmardan, S. , Maghsoudi, A. & Hezarkhani, A. (2022). Geophysical Study to Identify Iron Mineralization Anomalies Using Terrestrial Magnetometry in the Chak-Chak Exploration Area, Iran . Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni , 65 (2) , 159-170 . DOI: 10.25288/tjb.1035354

    • A Geoscientist Approach to Palaoclimate Reconstruction Based on Pollen Analysis of Lake Deposits; Problems and Solutions
    Güldem Kamar
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    Abstract: Lakes contain sediments rich in organic material where pollen analysis and palaeoclimate studies canideally be carried out. Lakes provide a habitat for many organisms, where the pollen grains are best preserved, andlake sediments also offer an archive where climatic and environmental changes are preserved. In order to makea palaeoclimatic reconstruction based on pollen analysis, the study area needs to be investigated in detail from ageological, biological, and archaeological point of view. This study aims to present a methodological perspective toresearchers who want to conduct paleoclimate reconstruction through pollen analysis. The geological structure ofthe region, its volcanic activity, archaeological history and the effects of the structural elements of the lake floor onthe changes in the pollen diagrams are described in detail by the proposed method of this study .For this purpose, the data from studies carried out in the lakes at a close distance to each other (Eastern Anatolianplateau high altitude lakes) and the terrace deposits of Lake Van were examined under the headings of volcanicactivity, human impact, sedimentation ratio and structural characteristics of the lake floor to reveal the differences.According to the results, before performing a paleoclimate reconstruction,identification of the deposit packages,local vegetative changes and current flora, the structural elements of the lake floor, human impact and volcanismshould be investigated first of all under separate headings.

  • Eastern Anatolia

  • Human impact

  • Lake Van

  • Palaeoclimate reconstruction

  • Pollen analysis

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    • Grain Size Distribution and Depositional Environment of Quaternary Sediments in Moralli Stream System (Tusba, Van, Turkey)
    Gül Şen Türker Yakupoğlu
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    Abstract: This study aimed to determine the grain size distribution trend of the Quaternary aged fluvio-lacustrinesediments of the Moralli Stream system, which is located within the borders of Van province to the east of Lake Van ,and to reveal the effects of hydrodynamic energy on the erosion, transportation ,and depositional processes. Moreover,it aimed to define the sedimentary facies ,and geomorphological characteristics of the depositional environment. Inorder to determine the grain size distribution trends of the sediments, a grain size analysis was carried out by usinga total of 42 sediment samples taken from the source area of the Moralli Stream in the area where it spills in Lake Van. It was determined that the grain size of the sediments taken from the stream source area was dominantlybetween 0.42-0.25 mm, and the grain size of the sediments taken from the downstream parts of the channel bed wasbetween 0.125-0.037 mm. The mean grain size of the fluvial sediments is fine-very fine, the sorting parameter isgenerally in the poorly sorted class, the skewness degree is strongly negatively skewed, and the degree of kurtosiswas determined as platykurtic. The grain size of the sediment samples taken from the delta plain is 4.75-025 mm,the grain size of the sediment samples taken from the delta channels is 1.00-0.25 mm, and the grain size of sedimentsamples taken from the delta front ranged between 0.074-0.037 mm. The delta plain sediments is a coarse sand withpoor sorting, positively skewed and mesokurtic, the delta channel sediments is medium-fine sand with poor sorting,positively skewed and platykurtic, and the delta front sediments is very fine sand with moderate sorting, negativelyskewed and leptokurtic. The grain size of the beach sediments was determined in the range of 1-0.42 mm. Whilesediments contained fine grains of 0.074-0.037 mm in size in the coastal area, especially in the low-energy foreshorearea, it was determined that sediments containing >4.75 mm in size pebbles were deposited in the rip channel andshore break areas. The mean grain size of the beach sediments of Lake Van is very coarse sand and coarse-mediumsand size, and is represented with moderate, moderate-well sorting, symmetric-positive skewness and leptokurticparameters. With the grain size and statistical parameter data obtained as a result of the sedimentological analysescarried out within the scope of this study, the hydrodynamic energy of Moralli Stream has the potential to carry sandsilt-clay size grains, and the wave energy of Lake Van has the potential to transport gravel and sand-size grains.Moreover, it was found that the sediment’s grain size decreased downstream in the drainage basin. In addition, thefacies of sediments deposited in fluvial, delta and lacustrine environments formed by the rise and fall of the waterlevel of Lake Van due to climatic changes were defined and geomorphological structures (coastal arrows, coastalspits, beach barriers, lake and river terraces) emerging from tectonic and hydrodynamic activity were determined

  • Depositional environments

  • fluvio-lacustrine sediments

  • grain size analysis

  • Lake Van

  • Moralli Stream

  • Quaternary


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