Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni
Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

1996 MAYIS Cilt 39 Sayı 2
COVER
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CONTENTS
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Tectonical Evolution of The Gediz Graben
Tahir Emre
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Abstract: The Gediz, Büyük Menderes and Küçük Menderes grabens have been formed in relation to detachment faulting. The Gediz graben, which is active at the present time, is a WNW - ESE trending half graben. The youngest graben fill is the sediment of the Salihli- Alaşehir plain. The initation of the Gediz graben has started with the activity of the Karadut fault which is the youngest detachment fault of the region. The low - angle detachment fault of the Karadut which cut the Early Miocene granodiorite has produced acataklastic - mylonitic zone of a regional extent. The shear sense indicators along this zone were the product of the same kinematicactivity and the tectonic transport has occurred along top to the north - northest direction.The footwall section of the Karadut fault consists of schists and marbles of the Menderes Massif In thefootwall section granodiorite stocks have been emp laceddue to the activity of the fault. The hanging - wall section consists of rocks of the Menderes Massifand a Neogene sedimentary succession. Along the surface of the Karadut fault, erosion of the Neogene rocks has exposed in someplaces the hanging - wall slivers, which are gneisses and schists of the Menderes massifIn the Itanging - wall of the Karadut fault, detrilal sedimentary succesions of graben -fill were deposited and they were controlled both by blocks of the initial fault system and also by the new high - angle syntetic faults. The region is still active presently as theoccurrences of earthquakes along of the graben indicate.

  • Neotectonics

  • Detachment fault

  • Half graben

  • Upper plate

  • Lower plate

  • West Anatolia

  • Stratigraphic Properties and Paleogeographic Evaluation of Pirnos Block Represents The South Margin of The Anamas - Akseki Autochthonous; Central Taurus, Turkey.
    Mustafa Şenel
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    Abstract: The stratigraphic and paleogeographic properties of the Pirnos block which forms the southern part of Anamas - Akseki autochthonous (Central Taurus) is investigated. Pirnos block were represented by, fi`om bottom to top, Upper Anisian - Upper Nor ionsandstone and shale (Kasımlar fm.); Rhaetian dolomite (Menteşe dolomite) and limestone with Megalodon (Leylek limestone); Upper Rhaetian - Lower Liassic sandstone, conglomerate and mudstone (Üzümdere fm.); Middle - Upper Liassic limestone with Paleodasycladus (Alıçbeleni fm.) and dolomite (Hendos dolomite); Dogger - Malm oolitic limestone (Çamkuşağı fin); Malm calciturbidite(Karlığın fin.); Berriasian cherty limestone (Susuzkır fm.); Campanian - Maastrichtian calciturbidite and cherty limestone (Dumanlıfm.); and finally Danian olistostrome (Çamlıdere olistoslrome).Pirnos block was affected by a regression at the Upper Rhaetian, a transgression at the Lower Liassic, a regression at the beginning of Lower Dogger and to be followed by a transgression immediately. Block area which was subjected to uplift mg affected by arepeated transgresion at the begining of Campanian period and was finally covered by Antalya nappes tectonically at the end of Danian. At the and of Eocene, it was affected by compression.The repeated transgressive - regressive cycles clearly indicate that the southern edge of the Anamas - Akseki autochthonous wasnot tectonically stable during Mesozoic period.Lithological properties of Pirnos block show that southern part of the block was characterized by relatively deeper water environment in comparison with northern part during the Dogger - Malm period and during the Campanian - Maastrichtian. It is thought that this deeper part of the Anamas - Akseki autochthonous might have formed the northern edge of the Antalya basin (Pamphylien Basin).

  • Anantas-Akseki autochthonous

  • Pirnos block

  • Stratigraphy

  • Paleogeography

  • Central Taurus

  • Turkey

  • Akay, E., Uysal, S., Poisson, A., davette, J., Müller, C, 1985, Antalya Neojen Havzası`nın stratigrafisi: Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült. 28/2, 105 - 119

  • Altuğ, S., 1971, Manavgat - Oymapınar rezervuarındaki Me sozoyik birimlerin stratigrafisi: EİE Rap., 71-39 (yayımlanmamış) Ankara.

  • Blumenthal, M., 1951, Recherches geologiques dans le Taurus occidental dans Tarriere - pays d`Alanya: Publ. MTA Ser D, No: 5, 154p., Ankara.

  • Demirtaşlı, E., 1987, Batı Toroslar`da Akseki - Manavgat ve Köprülü arasında kalan bölgenin jeoloji incelemesi: MTA Rap. No. 8779 (yayımlanmamış), Ankara.

  • Dumont, J.F., 1976, Etudes geologiques dans les Taurides occidentales: les formations paleozoiques et mesozoiques de la coupole de Karacahisar (province d`Isparta, Turquie). These 3 cycle, Univ. Paris - Sud (Orsay), 213p.

  • Dumont, J.F., and Kerey, E., 1975, Eğirdir Gölü güneyinin temel jeolojik etüdü: Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült, 18/2, 169 -174.

  • Erk, S., 1968, Manavgat - Oymapınar Baraj ve Rezervuar yerlerinin stratigrafi etüdü raporu: EÎE yayını 69 - 26, 66 s. (yayımlanmamış), Ankara.

  • Lheureux, A., 1983, Les formations silico - detritiques Triasico - Liasique de la platforme carbonatee Taurique au S.O.dfAkseki (Taurides occidentals - Turquie), These, Univ., Paris Sud, 242p., Orsay.

  • Martin, C, 1969, Akseki kuzeyindeki bir kısım Toroslar`m stratigrafik ve tektonik incelenmesi: MTA Derg. 72, 258 - 175.

  • Monod, O., 1977, Recherches geolgiques dans le Taurus occidental au sud de Beyşehir (Turquie): These, Univ. Paris - Sud (Orsay), 442p.

  • Poisson, A., 1977, Rechereches geologiques dans les Taurides occidentals (Turquie): These, Univ. Paris - Sud (Orsay), 795p.

  • Şenel, M., Dalkılıç, H., Gedik, Serdaroğlu, M., Bölükbaşı, S., Metin, S., Esentürk, K., Bilgin, A.Z., Uğuz, F., Korucu, M. ve Özgül, N., 1992t Eğirdir - Yenişar - Bademli - Gebiz ve Geriş - Köprülü (İsparta - Antalya) arasındaki kalan alanların jeolojisi: TPAO Rap. No. 3132, MTA Rap. No. 9390, 559s, (yayınlanmamış), Ankara.

  • Türkünal, S., 1969, Toros Dağlarının kuzeyde Beyşehir ile güneyde Oymapınar (Homa) köyü enlemleri, doğuda Güzelsu Bucağı, batıda Kırkkavak Köyü boylamları arasında kalan kesiminin jeolojisi: EİE. Rap. (yayımlanmamış), Ankara.

  • Ziegler, J.G.K., 1938 - 1939, Garbi Toros mıntıkasında yapılmış olan maden ve jeoloji tetkikatı. I. ve II. kısım: MTA Rap. No. 768 ve 953 (yayımlanmamış), Ankara.

  • A New Approach to Tectonostratigraphy of Deresinek Formation: New Datings in The North of Sultandağları
    Mehmet Fuat Uğuz Kemal Erdoğan Semih Gürsu
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    Abstract: During this study, fosil assemblages like Meandrospira cf. dinarica Kochansky - Devide and Pantic, Glomospirella sp., Planiinvoluta sp., Turriglomina sp., Aulotortus sp., Spirorbis phlyctaena Bronnimann - Zaninetti, Duostominidae, Hydrozoa, Halobiasp.,Daonella sp. indicating Anisien - Ladinien; Valvulina sp., Trocholina sp., Textularia sp., Pseudocyclammina sp., Ophthalmidiidae,Protopeneroplis striata Weynschenk, Conicocurnubia sp., Salpingoporella sellii (Crescent), Labyrinthina mirabilis Weynschenk, Valvulina gr. lugeoni Septfontaine, Kurnubia cf. palastiniensis Henson indicating Upper Dogger - Malm; Globotruncana sp., Globotruncaniidae molds indicating Upper Cretaceous and Stafellidea, Hemigordiopsidae, Mizzia sp. indicating Upper Permian were determined from the samples collected in Deresinek formation of Middle Carboniferous - Upper Permian age which is situated at thenorth of Sultandağlan.Based on the determined fossils, lithological features and structural setting, two tectonic slices with different stratigraphy wereidentified within the Deresinek formation. Of these, the lower one comprises of Middle Triassic - Cretaseous rocks and is tectonically overlain by the another one, comprising rocks of Upper Permian.In this study, the lower slice and its upper level of Upper Cretaceous age were named as Deresinek and Eber der e formations,respectively. In the upper slice, a formation of Upper Permian age, Kocatepe, was differentiated.

  • Sultandağlan

  • Deresinek formation

  • Tectono - stratigraphy

  • Micropaleontology

  • Afyon (Turkey)

  • Demirkol, C, 1977, Yalvaç - Akşehir dolayının jeolojisi: Konya Selçuk Univ. Fen Fak. Yer. Bil. Böl. Doçentlik Tezi, 144 s., Konya (Yayınlanmamış).

  • Eren, Y., 1990, Engilli (Akşehir) ve Bağkonak (Yalvaç) köyleri arasında Sultandağları Masifi`nin tektonik özellikleri: Tür. Jeo. Bült., C. 33, 39 - 50, Ankara.

  • Haude, H., 1969, Das Paleozoikum - Prekabrium bis Silurium in Der Türkei: Zentbl. Geol. Paleont, Teil 1, 4, 702 - 719, Stuttgart.

  • Haude, H., 1969, Stratigraphie und Tektonik des südlichen Sultandağ: Z. Deutsch, Geol. Ges., 123,411 - 421, Hannover.

  • Özgül, N., Bölükbaşı, S., Alkan, H., Öztaş, Y., Korucu, M., 1991a, Göller bölgesinin tektono - stratigrafik birlikleri: Ozan Sungurlu Sempozyumu Bildirileri, Ozan Sungurlu Bilim, Eğitim ve Yardım Vakfı, 213 - 237 s., Ankara.

  • Özgül, N., Bölükbaşı, S., Alkan, H., Öztaş, Y., Korucu, M., 1991b, Sultandağları - Sandıklı - Homa - Akdağ Yöresinin Jeolojisi. TPAO Arşiv Rap. No. 3028, Ankara.

  • Öztürk, E.M., Ergin, A., Dalkılıç H., Afşar, O.P., Dağer, Z., Çatal, E., 1987, Sultandağ kuzeydoğu kesiminde yeni yaş bulguları: Tür. Jeol. Kur. Bült. Kurultay Bildiri Özleri, s. 7, Ankara

  • The Pyrometasomatic Formations and Associated Fe-Ti Mineralizations at The North of Elazığ
    Bünyamin Akgül Ahmet Şaşmaz
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    Abstract: Permo - Triassic Keban Metamorphites outcrop at the North of Elazığ. The plutonics of Yüksekova Complex intruded in to themetamorphites during Late Cretaceous and caused formations of skarn zones and related Fe-Ti mineralizations along the contacts.Endoskarn formations exhibite various mineral assemblages; pyroxene (ferrosalite - hedenbergite) - garnet, pyroxene (fassaite)- skapolite and epidote - garnet. Mineral assemblages of exoskarn formations are garnet (andradite), skapolite, pyroxene, epidote,sphene and magnetite.The mineralizations occur along the metamorphites - plutonics contact, in the pockets and fractures extending towards marble.The thickness of the mineralized bodies can reach up to 1 -15 m. The ore minerals are; magnetite, hematite, ilmenite, specular ite,limonite, geothite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, covellite - chalcocite, geikilite and pyrophanite.

  • Pyrometasomatic formations

  • Fe-Ti mineralization

  • Elazığ (Eastern Anatolian - Turkey)

  • Akgül, B., 1987, Keban yöresi metamorfik kayaçların petrografik incelenmesi. F.Ü. Fen Bilim. Ens., Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 60 s., (yayınlanmamış) Elazığ.

  • Akgül, B., 1993, Piran (Elazığ) köyü çevresindeki mağmatik kayaçların petrografik ve petrolojik özellikleri, F.Ü. Fen. Bilim. Ens., Doktora Tezi, 128 s. Elazığ.

  • Akgül, M., 1991, Baskil gr ani toy itinin petrografik ve petrolojik özellikleri. Yerbilimleri Geosound, 18, 67 - 78.

  • Akyol, Z., Kadıoğlu, H., Adıgüzel, O., 1986, Elazığ Aşvan demir yatağı maden jeolojisi ve rezerv raporu, MTA Malatya Bölge Kütüphanesi rap. no. 371.

  • Asutay, H.J., 1985, Baskil (Elazığ) çevresinin jeolojisi ve petrografik incelenmesi, A.Ü. Fw en Bilim. Ens., Doktora Tezi (yayınlanmamış), Ankara.

  • Altunbey, M., 1996, Tuzbaşı - Kanatburun - Ayazpınar (Pertek - Tunceli) yöresindeki demir cevherleşmelerinin jeolojisi ve kökeni, F.Ü. Fen Bil. Ens. (Doktora Tezi), 186 s. Elazığ.

  • Avşar, N., 1983, Elazığ yakın kuzeybatısında stratigrafik ve mikropaleontolojik araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, F.Ü. Fen Bil. Ens. 84 s. (yayınlanmamış) Elazığ.

  • Bingöl, A.F., 1984, Elazığ - Pertek - Kovancılar (Doğu Toros lar) yöresinin jeolojisi. Toros Jeolojisi Uluslararası Sempozyumu, Tebliğler, Ankara.

  • Bingöl, A.F., 1987, Petrographical and petrological features of intrusive rocks of Yüksekova Complex in the Elazığ region (Eastern Taurus - Turkey). The Jour, of Fırat Univ., Science and Tecnology, 3, 3.

  • Inceöz, M., 1995, Harput (Elazığ) yakın kuzeyi ve doğusunun tektonik özellikleri, F.Ü. Fen Bilim. Ens., Doktora Tezi (yayınlanmamış), 112 s.

  • Koşal, C, 1965, Aşvan demir aramaları jeolojik etüd ve sonuçları, MTA Malatya Bölge Kütüphanesi rap. no. 63.

  • Naz, H., 1979, Elazığ - Palu dolayının jeolojisi. TPAO Arşivi Rap. No 1360, (yayınlanmamış).

  • Özkul, M., 1988, Elazığ batısında Kırkgeçit Formasyonu üzerinde sedimentolojik incelemeler. F.Ü. Fen Bil. Ens., Doktora Tezi 186 s. (yayınlanmamış).

  • Ramdohr, P., 1980, The ore minerals and their inter growths, Academic - Verlag, Berlin, 1202 p.

  • Sağıroğlu, A., 1986, Kızıldağ (Elazığ) cevherleşmelerinin I özellikleri ve kökeni, Jeoloji Müh. Bült., 29, 5 - 13.

  • Sağıroğlu, A., 1992, Pertek - Demürek (Tunceli) skarn tipi manyetit ve ilişkili bakır cevherleşmeleri. TJK Bült., 35, 63 - 70.

  • Şaşmaz, A. ve Sağıroğlu, A., 1990, Bullurik Dere (Elazığ) cevherleşmelerinin özellikleri ve kökeni: MTA Derg. 110,45-54.

  • Tatar, Y., 1987, Elazığ bölgesinin tektonik yapıları ve Lansdat fotoğrafları üzerinde yapılan bazı gözlemler: Hacettepe Üniv. Yerbil. Uyg. ve Araştırma Merkezi Bült., 14, 295 - 308.

  • Tuna, E., 1979, Elazığ - Palu - Pertek bölgesinin jeolojisi, TPAO Rap. No 1362 (yayınlanmamış).

  • Yazgan, E., 1984, Geodynamic evolution of the Eastern Taurus region. Int. Symp. the geology of the Taurus Belt Bildiriler, 199 - 208, Ankara.

  • Structural Features of The Bozdağlar Massif to The South of Ilgın and Sarayönü (Konya)
    Yaşar Eren
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    Abstract: The Bozdağlar massif, (NW of Konya), tectonostratigraphically consists of from bottom to top, autochthonous U. Permian - Cretaceous Gökçeyurt group, Mesozoic Çayırbağı ophiolite, and Silurian - Mesozoic allochthonous Ladik metamorphites. U. Miocene -Quaternary rocks consititute neo - autochthonous cover.Both the autochthonous and allochthonous metamorphites, indicates at least three phases of deformation. The first phase produced recumbent folds under high Pi low T metamorphic conditions. The second and the third phases represent post - metamorphic episodes and developed Type 3 ve Type 1 refolded folds. The massif gained its polyphase deformational history and imbricated structures during the Late Cretaceous and following times respectively. The post - orogenic movements during M. - L. Miocene formedlacustrine basins due to block faultings accompanied with volcanism. At E. Pliocene time, rocks of the massif thrusted over the coverunits and finally gravity faultings occurred. All of these movements caused uplift that ranges from 600 to 850 m in the region.

  • Bozdağlar massif

  • Superimposed folds

  • Dyke su>arm

  • Crenulation cleavage

  • Kink - band

  • Neo - tectonics

  • Bayiç, A., 1968, Sızma - Konya metaporfîritleri hakkında, M.T.A. Enstitüsü Dergisi, 70, 214 - 228.

  • Besang, C, Eckhardt, F.J., Harre, W., Kreuzer, H. and Müller, P., 1977, Radiometrichse altersbestimungen an Neogenen eruptivgesteinen der Türkei, Geol. Jb., B25, 3 -36.

  • Doğan, A., 1975, Sızma - Ladik (Konya) civa sahasının jeolo jisi ve maden yatakları sorunlarının incelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Î.Ü. Fen Fakültesi, İstanbul, 40 s. (yayınlanmamış).

  • Eren, Y., 1993a, Eldeş - Derbent - Tepeköy - Söğütözü (Kon ya) arasının jeolojisi, Doktora Tezi, S.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya, 224 s. (yayınlanmamış).

  • Eren, Y., 1993b, Konya kuzeybatısında Bozdağlar masifinin otokton ve örtü birimlerinin stratigrafisi, Türkiye Jeol. Bülteni, 36, 7 - 23.

  • Göğer, E. ve Kıral, K., 1969, Kızılören dolayının jeolojisi, M.T.A. Rapor No: 5204 (yayınlanmamış).

  • Gray, D.R., 1977, Morphologic classification of crenulation cleavage, Journal of Geology, 85, 229 - 235.

  • Keller, J., Jung, D., Burgath, K. and Wolff, F., 1977, Geologie und petrologie des Neogene Kalkalkali - vulkanismus von Konya (Erenlerdağı - Alacadağ Massiv, Zentral - Anatolien), Geol, Jb., B25, 37 - 117.

  • Niehoff, W., 1961, 1/100 000 ölçekli Akşehir 90/2 paftası, Ilgın 91/1, 91/3 ve 91/4 paftaları üzerine yapılan revizyon çalışmaları, M.T.A. Derleme Rap. No: 3387 (yayınlanmamış).

  • Okay, A.I., 1984, Kuzeybatı Anadolu`da yer alan metamorfık kuşaklar, Türkiye Jeol. Kur., Ketin Simpozyumu, Ankara, 83 - 92.

  • Özcan, A., Göncüoğlu, M.C., Turan, N., Uysal, Ş., Şentürk, K. ve Işık, A., 1988, Late Paleozoic evolution of the Kütahya - Bolkardağı belt, METU Journal of Pure and Appl. Sci., 21, 1/3, 211 - 220.

  • Özgül, N., 1984, Stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of the central Taurides, International Symposium on the Geology of the Taurus Belt., 77 - 90, Ankara.

  • Ramsay, J.G., 1967, Folding and fracturing of rocks, McGraw - Hill, New York, 568 s.

  • Ramsay, J.G. and Huber, M.I., 1987, The techniques of modern structural geology, Vol.: 1 Folds and fractures, Academic Press, London, 307 s.

  • Roberts, N., 1982, Age paleoenvironments and climatic significance of Late Pliocene Konya Lake, Turkey, Quaternary Research, 19, 154 -171.

  • Şengör, A.M.C. ve Yılmaz, Y., 1981, Tethyan evolution of Turkey: A plate tectonic approach, Tectonophysics, 75,81-241.

  • Turner, F.J. and Weiss, L.E., 1963, Structural analysis of metamorphic tectonites, McGraw - Hill Book Co., New York, 545 s.

  • Wiesner, K., 1968, Konya civa yatakları ve bunlar üzerindeki etüdler, M.T.A. Enstitüsü Dergisi, 70,178 - 213.

  • Evaluation of Archaeoseismic Damages at Hierapolis
    Erhan Altunel A. Aykut Barka
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    Öz: The ancient city of Hierapolis is situated on the Pamukkale fault which bounds the northern margin of the Gediz graben in its south - eastern end. Hierapolis was damaged by many earthquakes in historical times but the most damaging one was in 60 AD. One of the main objective in this study is, detailed investigation of surface ruptures that damage Roman and Byzantine buildings within the ancient city of Hierapolis. Surface ruptures within and near Hierapolis can be traced along about 1250 m. Surface ruptures vary in length from 10 cm to tens of metres and they vary in width from vefew millimetres to about 1 m. There are also normal and lateral displacements along them. As a result of detailed investigation, it is concluded that these surface ruptures at Hierapolis formed during an earthquake with magnitude 6.0ruptures formed during one of 1354,1702 (1703), 1717 earthquakes. The other main objective in this study is, as this paper points out, to indicate that ancient sites which are located on active faults provide useful information for earthquake frequency, earthquake magnitude, amount of displacement during earthquake and earthquake risk in that region.

  • Hierapolis

  • Archaeoseismic damages

  • Denizli (Turkey)

  • Altunel, E., 1994, Active tectonics and the evolution of Quaternary travertines at Pamukkale, western Turkey. Ph. D. tezi (yayımlanmamış), 236 sayfa.

  • Altunel, E. and Hancock, P.L., 1993a, Active fissuring faulting in Quaternary travertines at Pamukkale, western Turkey. In: Neotectonics and Active Faulting (edited by Stewart, I.S., Vita - Finzi, C. and Owen, L.A.) Zeitschrift Geomorphologie Supplementary Volume, 94, 285 - 302.

  • Altunel, E. and Hancock, P.L., 1993b, Morphological features and tectonic setting of Quaternary travertines at Pamukkale, western Turkey. Geol. J., 28,335 - 346.

  • Altunel, E., Hancock, P.L. and Smart, P., 1995, Formation of fissure - ridge travertines and their neotectonic significance. Abstract, IAESCA, Güllük, Türkiye.

  • Ambraseys, N.N., 1971, Value of historical records of earthquakes. Nature, 232, 375 - 379.

  • Ambraseys, N.N., 1988, Engineering seismology. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 17,1 -105.

  • Ambraseys, N.N. and Finkel, C.F., 1995, The Seismicity of Turkey and Adjacent Areas: A Historical Review 1500 - 1800. Eren Yayıncılık, Istanbul.

  • Armijo, R., Lyon - Caen, H. and Papanastassiou, D., 1991, A possible normal fault rupture for the 464 B.C. Sparta eartquake. Nature, 351, 137 - 139.

  • Ateş, R.C. and Bayülke, N., 1982, The 19 August 1976 Denizli, Turkey, earthquake: Evaluation of the strong motion accelerograph record. Bull, of the Seis. Soc. Am., 72, 5, 1635-1649.

  • Bean, G., 1971, Turkey Beyond the Maeander. Ernest Benn, London, 267 pp.

  • Bellettati, D., Camass, R. and Molin, D., 1993, Fake quakes in Italy through parametric catalogues and seismological compilations: case histories typologies. Terra Nova, 5, 488 - 495.

  • Ergin, K., Güçlü, U. and Uz, Z., 1967, A catalog of Earthquake for Turkey and Surrounding Area (11 A.D. to 1964 A.D.). ITU Faculty of Mining Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey.

  • Ferrero, D.D., 1987a, Travellers. In: Hierapolus Di Frigia 1957 -1987. Fabri, Turin, 21 -26.

  • Ferrero, D.D., 1987b, The martyrion of saint Philip and churches, In: Hierapolis Di Frigia 1957 - 1987. Fabri, Turin, 121 -132.

  • Gencoğlu, S., İnan, E. ve Güler, H., 1990, Türkiye`nin Deprem Tehlikesi. Türkiye Jeofizik Mühendisleri Odası, Ankara.

  • Hancock, P.L. and Altunel, E. (baskıda), Faulted archaeological relics at Hierapolis, Turkey. Journal of Geodynamics.

  • Karcz., I. and Kafri, U., 1978, Evaluation of supposed archaeoseismic damage in Israel. Jour. Archaeological Science, 5, 237 - 253.

  • McDonagh, B., 1989, Turkey: The Aegean and Mediterranean Coasts. A and C Black, London, 597 p.

  • Meyer, B., Lacassin, R., Brulhet, J. and Mouroux, B., 1994, The Basel 1356 earthquake: which fault produced it?. Terra Nova, 6,54-63.

  • Mörner, N.A. and Tröften, P.E., 1993, Palaeoseismotectonics in glaciated cratonal Sweden. In: Neotectonics and Active Faulting (edited by Stewart, I.S., Vita - Finzi, C. and Owen, L.A.) Zeitschrift Geomorphologie Supplementary Volume, 94, 107 - 117.

  • Nur, A., 1991, Earthquakes in the Bible. New Scientist, 6 July, No: 1776, 45-48.

  • Olivera, C, Banda, E. and Roca, A., 1991, An outline of historical seismicty studies in Catalonia. Tectonophysics, 193,231-235.

  • Önen, C, 1988, Denizli, Denizli Belediyesi.

  • Papanastassiou, D., Maroukian, H. and Papanastassiou, K.G., 1993, Morphotectonic and archaeological observations in the eastern Argive Plain (eastern Pelopennese, Greece) and their palaeoseismological implications. In: Neotectonics and Active Faulting (edited by Stewart, I.S., Vita - Finzi, C. and Owen, L.A.) Zeitschrift Geomorphologie Supplementary Volume, 94, 95 - 105.

  • Papastamatiou, D. and Psycharis, L, 1993, Seismic response Terr Na ova 5, , 59 1 -60160 .

  • Kıttı, T., 1987, History of Hierapohs. In: Hıerapolıs Di Frıgıa 1957 - 1987. Fabri, Turin, 27 - 30.

  • Ronchetta, D., 1987, The city plan of Hierapolis. In: Hierapolis Di Frigia 1957 - 1987. Fabri, Turin, 31-38.

  • Soysal, H., Sipahioğlu, S., Kolçak, D. ve Altınok, Y., 1981, (MÖ 210 0 _ MS 1900) TIJBJTAK yayınlari.

  • Vita - Finzi, C, 1986, Recent Earth Movement. Academic Press` London` 226

  • Vogt, J., 1991, Some glimpses at historical seismology. Tecto nophysics, 193, 1 - 7.

  • Comparative Geochemical Features of The Upper Miocene and Pliocene Volcanics in The Arguvan (N - Malatya) Area.
    Musa Alpaslan Mehmet Nuri Terzioğlu
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    The main purpose of this study is to determine the comparative geochemical features of the Upper Miocene and Pliocene volcanics outcropping in the southern part of the Yamadağı Region located between Sivas and Malatya, and Pliocene volcanics are transitional - calcalkaline, and transitonal - alkaline in characters, respectively. The determinations based on the trace element data also indicate that Upper Miocene and Pliocene volcanics are transitional and alkaline characters, respectively.Large ion lithophile element (LIL) and high field strength (HFS) element enrichments imply that the volcanics were generatedfrom the enriched mantle source, they may have undergone the crustal contamination. K/Rb - Rb and Y - Rb variation diagramsmay indicate the crustal assimilation - fractional crystallization processes in the Upper Miocene volcanics, and the fractionalcrystallization process in the Pliocene volcanics.When the major and trace element characteristics are considered together with the post - collisional tectonic evolution of theEastern Anatolia; Upper Miocene volcanics have been generated by the crustal contamination of melt derived from mantle by thethickened crust, and Pliocene volcanis reveal little/ no crustal contamination. 

  • Volcanics

  • Upper Miocene

  • Pliocene

  • Geochemistry

  • Arguvan (TV. Malatya)

  • Alpaslan, M., 1987, Arguvan (Malatya) kuzeybatısında yer alan volkanitlerin mineralojik - petrografik incelen mesi, C.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Ens., Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 57 s. (yayımlanmamış).

  • Buket, E., 1989, Petrography and major element geochemistry of Tertiary and Quaternary volcanics from Varto region, Eastern Turkey, METU Journal of Pure and Applied Science, 22, 3, 69 - 89.

  • Gill, J.B., 1981, Orogenic andesites and plate tectonics, Springer, Berlin, 300 pp.

  • Hyndman, D.W., 1972, Petrology of igneous and metamorphic rocks, McGraw HÜ1, New York, 530 pp.

  • Innocenti, F., Mazzuoli, R., Pasquare, G., Radication di Brozolo F. and Villary, L., 1976, Evolution of volconism in the area of interaction between the Arabian, Anatolian and Iranian plates (Lake Van, Eastern Turkey), J., Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 1, 103 -112.

  • Irvine, T.N. and Baragar, W.R.A., 1971, A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Can. J. Earth Sci., 8, 523 - 548.

  • Jakes, P. and White, A.J.R., 1972, Major and trace element aboundances in volcanic rocks of orogenic areas, Geol. Soc, Am. Bull., 83, 29 - 40.

  • Keskin, M. and Pearce, J.A., 1994, Trace element systematics of collision - related volcanism of the Erzurum - Kars plateau, NE - Turkey, IAVGEI, Int. Vole. Vong., Abs., P. 5.

  • Kuno, H., 1968, Differantiation of the basaltic magma. In: Hess, H.H. and Poldervaart, A. (eds), Basalts 2, Interscience publ., New York, 623 - 688.

  • Lambert, R.S J., Holland, J.G. and Owen, P.F., 1974, Chemical petrology of a suite of calcalkaline lavas from Mt. Ararat, Turkey, J. Geol., 82, 419 - 438.

  • Le Bas, M.J., Le Maitre, R.W., Streckeisen, A. and Zanettin, B., 1986, A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali - silica diagram. J. Petrol, 27, 745 - 750.

  • MacDonald, G.A. and Katsure, T., 1964, Chemical composition of Hawaiian Lavas, J. Petrol, 5, 82 - 133.

  • Pearce, J.A., 1982, Trace element caharacteristics of laval from destructive plate margins, In: R.S. Thorpe (ed): Andesites: Orogenic andesites and related rocks, Wiley, New York, 525 - 548.

  • Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.B.W. and Tindle, A.G., 1984, Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks, J. Petrol, 25,956 - 983.

  • Pearce, J.A., Bender, J.F., DeLong, S.E., Kidd, W.S.F., Low, P J., Güney, Y., Şaroğlu, F., Yılmaz, Y., Moorbath, S. and Mitchell, J.G., 1990, Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, In: P.LeFort, J.A. Pearce and A. Pecher (eds); Collision Magmatism, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 44, 184 - 229.

  • Pecerillo, A. and Taylor, S.R., 1976, Geochemistry of Eocene calc - alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey, Contrib. Mineral Petrol., 58, 63-91.

  • Şaroğlu, F. ve Yılmaz, Y., 1984, Doğu Anadolu`nun neo - tektoniği ve ilgili magmatizması, Ketin Sempozyumu, TJ.K. yay., s. 149 -163.

  • Şengör, A.M.C. and Kidd, W.S.F., 1979, Post - collisional tectonics of the Turkish - Iranian plateau and a comparision with Tibet, Tectonophysics, 53, 361 -.376.

  • Şengör, A.M.C. and Yılmaz, Y., 1981, Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach, Tectonophysics, 75,181-241.

  • Tarney, J., Wood, D.A., Saunders, A.D., Cann, J.R. and Varet, J., 1979, Nature of mantle heterogeneity in the North Atlantic: evidence from deep - sea drilling, Phil. Trans. R. Soc, A 297, 179 - 202.

  • White, W.M. and Schilling, J.G., 1978, Nature and origin of geochemical variation in Mid - Atlantic Ridge basalts from Central - North Atlantic, Geochim. Cosmchim. Acta, 42, 1501 - 1516.

  • Wilson, M., 1989, Igneous petrogenesis: a global tectonic approach, Unwin, Hyman, London, 446 p.

  • Winchester, J.A. and Floyd, P.A., 1977, Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differantiation products using immobile elements, Chem. Geol., 20, 325 - 343.

  • Wood, D.A., 1979, A variably veined cuboceanic upper mantle - genetic significance for Mid - Oceanic Ridge Basalts from geochemical evidence, Geology, 7,499 -503.

  • Yalçın, H., Gündoğdu, N., Gourgaud, A., Vidal, P. and Uçurum, A., 1994, Preliminary geochemical results from Yamadağı volcanism, Malatya, Eastern Turkey, IAVCEI, Int. Vole. Cong., Ankara, abs., p. 9.

  • Yılmaz, Y., Şaroğlu, F. and Güner, Y., 1987, Initiation of the neomagmatism in East Anatolia, Tectonophsics, 134, 177 -199.

  • Yılmaz, Y., 1993, New evidence and model on the evolution of the southeast Anatolian orogen., Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 105,251 -271.

  • Yoldaş, R., 1972, Malatya kuzeyinin jeolojisi ve petrol olanakları, MTA derleme raporu.

  • Benthic Foraminifer Fauna of Holocene Sediments in Golden Horn (İstanbul)
    Ahmed Cüneyd Şamli
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    Abstract: Thirty - six sediment samples were gathered from two off - shore drills in the Golden Horn between Eminönü and Karaköyowing to the construction of a bridge 55 genera and 88 species belonging to 31 families were discriminated and named. Each sediment sample was environmentally interpreted according to dominant species, and the geological evolution of the area is explainedduring Holocene.Sediments of the Golden Horn, were divided in four main levels, according to environmental conditions, as of fluvial, marine,brackish water and again marine. The ages of these levels were found by dating of mollusc shells using t lie ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) technique.Evidence suggests the Golden Horn was a river 8.000 years ago, then it was invaded by the Mediterranean water about 7.400years ago. About 1.400 years later it become brackish due to regional regression. About 5.700 years ago, it gained the present condition.

  • Golden Horn

  • Benthic foraminifera

  • Mediterranean Sea

  • Holocene

  • Anderson, J.B., 1975, Ecology and distribution of foraminifera in the Weddel Sea of Antarctica. Micropaleontology, 21/1, 69 -96, 1-11.

  • Artüz, M. I. ve Korkmaz, K., 1977, Halic`in kirlenmesinde su hareketlerinin rolü. Haliç Sorunları ve Çözüm Yolları Ulusal Sempozyumu Tebliğleri, 75 - 96.

  • Brooks, W.W., 1973, Distribution of recent foraminifera from the southern coast of Puerto Rico, Micropaleontology, 19/4,385-416.

  • Cimerman, F. ve Langer, M.R., 1991, Mediterranean foraminifera, 1 -119, 1-93.

  • Corliss, B.H., 1991, Morphology and microhabitat preferences of benthic foraminifera from northwest Atlantic Ocean, Marine Micropaleontology, 17,195 - 236.

  • Denne, R.A. ve Sen Gupta, B.K., 1991, Association of bathyal foraminifers with water masses in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, Marine Micropal. 17,173 - 193.

  • Derman, A.S., 1990, Genç çökellerin (Holosen) sedimentolojik özellikleri ve ortamsal yorumu, İstanbul Boğazı Güneyi ve Halic`in Geç Kuvaterner Dip Tortulları, 5 -11 (Ed. Meriç

  • Ergin, M., Ediger, V., Bodur, M.N., Okyar, M., 1990, İstanbul halicinin güncel çökellerine genel bir bakış, TJ.K. Bülteni, 6, 20 - 25.

  • Göksu, H.Y., Özer, A.M., Çetin, O., 1990, Mollusk kavkılarının elektron spin rezonans (ESR) yöntemi ile tarih lendirilmesi, İstanbul Boğazı güneyi ve Halic`in Geç Kuvaterner (Holosen) Dip Tortulları, 99 - 105 (Ed. Meriç).

  • Hakyemez, Y., Karabıyıkoğlu, M. ve Okşan, 1., 1980, Kırıntılı sığ deniz (kıyı lagün, gelgit düzlüğü ve kıta düzü) çökelleri, çökelme ortamları jeomorfolojisi. Çeviri - derleme, Jeomorfoloji Derg. -özel sayı =/ bilimsel yayınlar dizisi-1, Ankara.

  • Hottinger, L. Halicz, E. and Reiss, Z., 1993, Recent foraminiferida from the Gulf of Aqaba Red Sea. Slovenska Akademija Znanosti In Umetnosti Akademia Scient Et Artium Slovenica, 33, Ljubljana, 1 - 79, 1 - 230.

  • Inoue, Y., 1989, Northwest Pacific foraminifera as paleoenvironmental indicators, Sci. Rep., Ins. Geosci., Univ. Tsukaba, Sec. B, 10, 57 -162, 18 - 33.

  • Kıratlı, N., 1992, Haliç (Geç Holosen) ve Karadeniz güncel çökellerine iki jeokimyasal yaklaşım. Doktora tezi, I.Ü. Deniz Bilimleri ve Coğrafya Enstitüsü, İstanbul, 113-145.

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  • Meriç, E.rSakınç, M. ve Eroskay, O., 1988, İstanbul Boğazı, ve Haliç çökellerinin evrim modeli. Mühendislik Jeolojisi Bült., 10, 10 - 14.

  • Meriç, E. ve Sakınç, M., 1990, Foraminifera, istanbul Boğazı Güneyi ve Halic`in Geç Kuvaterner (Holosen) Dip Tortulları, 13-41 (Ed. Meriç).

  • Meriç, E., Oktay, F.Y., Sakınç, M., Gülen, D., Ediger, V.Ş., Meriç, N. ve Özdoğan, M., 1991, Kuşdili (Kadıköy - İstanbul) Kuvaterner`inin sedimenter jeolojisi ve paleoekolojisi. C.Ü. Müh. Fak. Derg., A, Yerbilimleri, 8, 83-91.

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  • Reiss, Z. and Hottinger, L., 1984, The Gulf of Aqada - ecological micropaleontology. Ecological Studies, 50. Springer Verlag, 1 - 354, Berlin, Heidelberg.

  • Ross, C.R. and Kenneth, J.P., 1983 - 1984, Late Quaternary paleooceanography as recorded by benthonic foraminifera in strait of Sicily sediments sequence. Marine Micropal., 8, 315 - 336.

  • Sen Gupta, B.K., 1971, The benthonic foraminifera of the Tail of the Grand Bank. Micropal., 17/1, 69 - 98.

  • Sen Gupta, B.K., 1994, Taxonomy and bathymetric distribution of Holocene deep - sea benthic foraminifera in the Indian Ocean and Red Sea. Micropal., 40 (4), 351-367,1-6.

  • Sen Gupta, B.K. and Schafer, C.T., 1973, Holocene benthic foraminifera in leeward bays of St. Lucia, West Indies Micropal., 19/3, 341 - 365.

  • Sgarella, F. and Moncharmont - Zei, M., 1993, Benthic foraminifera of the Gulf of Naples (Italy): Systematics and antoecology. Bolletino Delia Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 32/2, 145 - 264,1 - 26.

  • Şamlı, A.C., 1995, Haliç güncel çökellerinin mikropaleontolojik incelemesi. Yük. lisans tezi, Î.Ü. Deniz Bilimleri ve İşletmeciliği Enstitüsü, 1 - 69.

  • Yanko, V. and Troitskaya, T., 1987, Late Quaternary foraminifers of the Black Sea. Academy of Science of the USSR, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, 1 - 103, 1 - 24.

  • Yanko, V., 1993, Stratigraphy and paleostratigraphy of the marine Pleistocene and Holocene deposits of the southern seas of the USSR. Mem. Soc. Geol. Inst., 44, 167-187.

  • About The Occurrence of Sirelina Orduensis Meriç and İnan (1996) in The Ilgaz Region (Çankırı)
    Nurdan İnan Turan Mehmet Akyazi Nazire Özgen Erdem
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    Abstract: In this study, the occurrence of Sirelina orduensis Meriç and înan (1996) in Upper Maastrichtian levels in the different outcropsof Ilgaz (Çankırı) region was discovered. Sirelina orduensis was described first time by Meriç and İnan (1996) in Gölköy formation(Ordu).Sirelina orduensis Meriç and İnan different from other foraminifera by their microgranular test structure, different coil according their development stages and lateral orbitoidal chambers.This species was discovered abundantly in Upper Maastrichtian aged sandy limestone levels of Ödemiş formation (Pehlivan etal, 1987) crop out at Ilgaz (Çankırı) region which was represented by sandstone, sandy limestone, limestone and claystone. 

  • Maastrichtian

  • Foraminifera

  • Sirelina orduensis Meriç and İnan

  • Meriç, E., înan, N., 1994, Yeni Paleontolojik Bulgular - Gölköy (Ordu) Üst Maastrihtiyen`inde yeni bir cins (Foraminifer) ve türü: Sirelina orduensis^ Malatya Üst Maastrihtiyen`inde yeni bir tür (Foraminifer): Sivasella goekceni: 47. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı 1994, Bildiri özleri, 9, Ankara.

  • Meriç, E., İnan, N., 1996, Sirelina orduensis (Foramini fera) a new genus and species from the Maastrichti an of North - East Anatolia (Gölköy - Ordu): Micropaleontology, (Baskıda).

  • Pehlivan, Ş., Barkurt, M.Y., Bilginer, E., Can, B., Da ger, Z., Örçen, S., 1987, İlgaz Kuzeydoğusu - Boyalı - Kurşunlu Dolayının Jeolojisi: M.T.A. Raporu, Derleme no: 8171, (yayımlanmamış), Ankara.

  • Geochemicalmethods for The Target Definition of Pontid Type Massive Sulphides: An Example from Harşit - Köprübaşı (Tirebolu-Giresun) Mineralization
    Nezihi Köprübaşi
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    Abstract: Harşit - Köprübaşı (Tirebolu) volcanic associated ore deposit which situated in the Pontid belt, is a pollymetallic massive sulphide deposition hawing its own characteristics.By the geochemical method regional backgraund, treshold and anomaly values ofCu, In, Pb elements were determined and relation between the existing anomalies and known ore lenses are examined.The resulted moddeling can be used as target definition for the similar but unexplored Pontid type deposits. 

  • Pontid type massive sulphides

  • Geochemistry

  • Harşit - Köprübaşı mineralization

  • Kolaylı, H., 1987, Kutlular cevherleşmesi bölgesinde ekstrakte edilebilir bakır katyonunun topraktaki temel değeri, kişisel çalışma raporu (yayınlanmamış), KTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.

  • Lewinson, A.A., 1980, Introduction to exploration geochemistry, Second edition, Applied publishing.

  • Rose, A.W., Hawkes, H.E., Webb, J.S., 1981, Geochemistry in mineral exploration, Second edition, Newyork.

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  • Toke1 ` S., 1985 ` Silika t v e itlerin teflon basınçlı kabında çabuk çözündürülmeleri ile atomik absorbsiyon (87 _ 93)? Trabzon.

  • Basic Stratigraphical Features of The Western Boundary (Ağcakışla) of The Sivas Basin
    Kaan Şevki Kavak Selim İnan
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    Abstract: The basement in the study area is represented by the Palaeozoic Akdağ metamorphics. These metamorphics are unconformablyoverlain by basal red conglomerates of the Tlianetian - Lutetian Belkaya formation. This formation consists of red sandstone, marl,Nummulitic limestone, limestone - marl alternation and pebbly sandstone. OUgocene Cevizcik formation which is composed of continental grey - yellow marl and gypsium lenses rests unconformably on the Belkaya formation. The alternation of Upper Miocene -Pliocene conglomerates and sandstones of the İncesu formation overlies the older units with an angular unconformity. All units cropout in the region are covered by the Plio - Quaternary Sekikaşı basalts.The fossil assemblage of the Belkaya formation suggests that the age of oldest unconformable rocks above the Akdağ metamorphics is Late Paleocene, not Lutetian as previously believed.It has been observed that strike - slip faults in this part of the Kırşehir massive are generally right lateral and deform the UpperMiocene - Pliocene rock units. In addition, thrust faults develop within the Thanetian - Lutetian Belkaya formation itself and alongits boundary with the Upper Miocene - Pliocene deposits. General trend of these thrust faults suggest a transport direction fromnortheast to southwest.

  • Sivas basin

  • Ağcakışla

  • Belkaya formation

  • Stratigraphy

  • Tectonics

  • Alpaslan, M., 1993, Yıldızeli Yöresi Metamorfîtlerinin Petrolojisi: C.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Ens., Doktora Tezi, 359s, Sivas (yayımlanmamış).

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  • Erkan, Y., 1981, Orta Anadolu`nun Metamorfizması Üzerinde Yapılmış Çalışmalarda Varılan Sonuçlar: iç Anadolu`nun Jeolojisi Sempozyumu, Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Yay., 9 - 12.

  • Erkan, Y. ve Ataman, G., 1981, Orta Anadolu Masifi (Kırşehir yöresi) Metamorfizma Yaşı Üzerine K - Ar Yöntemi ile Bir inceleme, Yerbilimleri, 8, 27 - 30.

  • Folk, R.L., 1968, Petrology of sedimentary rocks: Austin Texas, Hemphills, 170p.

  • Gökten, E., 1983, Şarkışla (Sivas) Güney - Güneydoğusunun Stratigrafisi ve Jeolojik Evrimi: Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 26, 2, 167 -176.

  • Gökten, E., 1984, Şarkışla Yöresinin Tektoniği: Jeoloji Müh. Derg., Sayı: 20, 3 - 9.

  • Gökten, E., 1993, Ulaş (Sivas) Doğusunda Sivas Havzası Güney Kenarının Jeolojisi: iç Toros Okyanunusunun Kapanımıyla ilgili Tektonik Gelişim, TPJD Bült. C. 5-1,35-55.

  • inan, S., Öztürk, A. ve Gürsoy, H., 1993, Ulaş - Sincan (Sivas) Yöresinin Stratigrafisi, Doğa - Türk Yerbilimleri Derg., Sayı: 2, 1 - 15.

  • Kavak, K.Ş., 1992, Ağcakışla (Sivas GB`sı) Yöresinin Jeolojik Özellikleri: C.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enst. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 81 s, (yayımlanmamış).

  • Ketin, I., 1955, Yozgat Bölgesinin Jeolojisi ve Orta Anadolu Masifi`nin Tektonik Durumu: Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., Cilt VI, Sayı 1, 1-40.

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  • Sümengen, M., Terlemez, L, Tayfun, B., Gürbüz, M., Ünay, E., Ozaner, S., Tüfekçi, K, 1987, Şarkışla - Gemerek Dolayının Stratigrafisi, Sedimantolojisi ve Jeomorfolojisi, M.T.A. Derleme Raporu No: 8118, Ankara, 24İs, (yayımlanmamış).

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  • Yalçın, H., Kavak, K.Ş., Bozkaya, Ö., Poisson, A. ve İnan, S., 1994, Ağcakışla Altbaseninin (Sivas Baseni) Litolojik ve Mineralojik Karakteristikleri, C.Ü. Müh. Fak. Seri A-Yerbilimleri Cilt. 11, Sayı 1, 87 - 95.

  • Yılmaz, A., 1980, Tokat ile Sivas Arasındaki Bölgede Ofiyolitlerin Kökeni, İç Yapısı ve Diğer Birimlerle İlişkisi: A.Ü. Fen Fak. Jeoloji Kürsüsü Doktora Tezi, 136s, (yayımlanmamış).

  • Yılmaz, A., 1985, Yukarı Kelkit Çayı ile Munzur Dağları Arasının Temel Jeolojik Özellikleri ve Yapısal Evrimi: Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült., 28, 79 - 92.

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