Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni
Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

1991 ŞUBAT Cilt 34 Sayı 1
COVER
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CONTENTS
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Gördes (Menderes Massif) Pegmatoids
Nuran Dağ Osman Özcan Dora
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Abstract: Gördes pegmatoids are the veins with the strikes of NE-SW and E-W, Eventhough their width is not more than 30m, their length can be several kilometers. They have very plane mineralogical composition. They contain Na-feldspar+Kfeldspar+quartz+muscovite+biotite+turmaline and garnet. E-W directional pegmatoid veins also additionally include the rarelyfound beryl. They are ordinary pegmatoids without zonetion. Pegmatoid veins with NE-SW and E-W direction present distinctions in terms of mineral and trace element contents, homogenization temperatures and salinity values of fluid inclusions ofquartz. K-feldspars of NE-SW directional pegmatoids contain higher amount of Ba, Sr respect to E-W directional pegmatoids,but lower degree of Rb/Sr rations. The both of vein groups had not very well defined fractional crystallization and NE-SW directional pegmatoid veins relatively formed earlier than the other. Albite-oligoclase composed plagioclases, and orthoclasemicrocline structured K-feldspar are dominant in the NE-SW directional pegmatoids and in the E-W directional pegmatoids respectively. K-feldspars of both pegmatoids veins are on the orthoclasemicrocline transformation boundary, and show as well asmonoclinic and hightriclinic symmetry. According to the equilibrium diagram of alkali feldspar, minimum formation temperature of K-feldspars are thought to be about 450-500°CIn quartz fluid inclusions of the NE-SW directional pegmatoids, 7-8%, 9-10 % salinity (Nacl) and 500-520°C formationtemperature, on the other hand in quartz fluid inclusions of the E-W directional pegmatoid veins 9-10%, 12-13% salinity and500-560°C formation temperature were obtained.The NE-SW directional pegmatoids can be exploited for muscovite, feldspars and to get beryl as by-product. It is mostlikely possible that these veins can contain 2053 tons of beryllium reserve.

  • pegmatoid veins

  • fractional crystallization

  • K-feldspars

  • :Gördes

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  • Dağ, N., 1989, Gördes pegmatoidlerinin mineralojik ve jeokimyasal incelenmesi, Doktora tezi, 142, DEÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, izmir.

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  • Robert, P.E.M., Anderson, A.J., 1985, Extreme fractionation in rare-element granitic pegmatites: Selected examples of data and mechanism, Con. Mine., 23, 381-421.

  • Shearer, C.K., Papike, J.J., 1984, Chemistry of potassium feldspar from zoned pegmatites, Black Hills, South Dakota: Implications concerning pegmatite evalution, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 49, 663- 675.

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  • Stratigraphy and Depositional Environments of Yalvaç-Yarıkkaya Neogene Basin, SW-Anatolia
    Fuzuli Yağmurlu
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    Abstract: The Yalvaç-Yarıkkaya Neogene basin is located within the Isparta-angle which is known as common regionalstructure of Southwestern Anatolia. The pre-Neogene rock units around of the basin consist generally of meta-Sediments, carbonate rocks and ophiolite complex ranging in age from Ordovician to Cretaceous. The Neogene alluvial and lacustrine depositsoccurring in Yalvaç-Yarıkkaya basin are divided in ascending order; Bağkonak, Madenli, Yarıkkaya, Göksöğüt and Kırkbaş Formations. The total thickness of the Neogene sedimentary sequence of these basin is about 800 m.The Bağkonak Formation is composed of coarse-grained and poor-sorted conglomerates and mudstone intercalations, whichindicate an alluvial-fan origin. The maximum thickness of this unit is approximately 250 m. The Bağkonak Formation rests unconformably on the pre-Neogene basement rocks and letarally interfinger with Yarıkkaya Formation toward to the center partsof basin.The Madenli Formation consists of cross-bedded sandstones, channelfill conglomerates, and above in the section, mudstoneand non-economic lignite seams which are characterized the fluvial environment. The clastic sediments of the Madenli formationare transitional laterally and vertically with the underlying Yarıkkaya Formation toward to the northern part of basin. The Madenliformation have 250 m total thickness and rests unconformably on the ophiolitic basement rocks in the southern region of basin.The Yarıkkaya Formation comosed of an. alternation of calcerous shale, clayey, limestone, marly and mudstone, which areindicate the lacustrine environment. The total thickness of the unit is 200 m at the type locality, and grades laterally in Bağkonak and Madenli formations to the northern and southern margin parts of basin.The Göksöğüt Formation consists from bottom to top of coarse conglomerate and porous lacustrine limestone. These unitoverlies conformably on the Yarıkkaya Formation. The total thickness of the Göksöğüt Formation increases to the southernpart of basin and exceeds 150 m.The Kırkbaş formation consist mainly of reddish and poor-sorted conglomerate and mudstone intercalations which appear tobe alluvial-fan origin. These unit is wide-spread in the northern part of basin and overlies unconformably on the all old units.The Yalvaç-Yarıkkaya basin is limited by the normal faults and pre-Neogene hihg mountain belts, are resemble to a triangular shape close-basin. In the basin the lateral lithofacies changes of the sediments and geometric features and distribution of thedepositional environments, indicate the Yalvaç-Yarıkkaya Neogene basin have a typical inter-mountain basin character.

  • Neogene

  • alluvial-fan origin

  • ophiolit

  • marl

  • Boray, A., Şaroğlu, F. ve Emre, Ö., 1985, İsparta, büklümünün kuzey kesiminde doğu-batı daralma için veriler: Jeoloji Müh. Derg., 28, 9-20.

  • Demirkol, C. 1984, Geology and tectonics of the region south of Çay (Afyon): Geology of the Taurus belt (Ed. by O. Tekeli and C. Göngüoğlu), 69-75, Mineral Research and Exploration Institute, Ankara.

  • Dumont, J.F. ve Kerey, E., 1975, Eğridir Gölü güneyinin temel jeolojik etüdü: Türkiye Jeoloji Kur. Bült., 18/ 2, 169-175.

  • Fürst, M., 1955, Yarıkkaya (Yalvaç) linyit zuhurları hakkında rapor: MTA Rap., no, 2430 (yayınlanmamış), Ankara.

  • Gloppen, T.G. and Steel, R,J., 1981, The deposits, internal structure and geometry in six alluvial fan-fan delta bodies (Devonian-Norway) a study in the significance of bedding sequence in conglomerates: Recent and ancient nonmarine depositional environments. Models for exploration (Ed. by Ethridge, F.G. and Flores, R.M.). Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, special publication No: 31, Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A., 49-71.

  • Wedding, H. ve Inoue, E., 1967, Isparta-Gelendost sahasındaki linyitli Pliyosen tabaka hakkında rapor: MTA Rap., no. 3920 (yayınlanmamış), Ankara.

  • Yağmurlu, F., 1987, Salihli güneyinde üste doğru kabalaşan Neojen yaşlı alüvyonal yelpaze çökelleri ve Gediz grabeninin tektonosedimentar gelişimi: Türkiye Jeoloji Bült., 30 (2), 33-41, Ankara.

  • Yağmurlu, F., 1990, Yalvaç, Şarkikaraağaç ve Gelendost havzasındaki Tersiyer linyitlerinin stratigrafisi, depolanma ortamları ve petrografisi: Tübitak Temel Bilimler Araştırma Grubu, Proje no TBAG-808, 68 s., Ankara.

  • Yağmurlu, F., (Baskıda), yalvaç-Yarıkkaya Neojen havzasının yapısal özellikleri ve tektono-sedimanter özellikleri: M.T.A. Dergisi, Türkçe baskısı.

  • Sedimentological Aspects of Palu Formation (Pliocene-Quaternary), The East of Elazığ, Turkey
    İlyas Erdal Kerey İbrahim Türkmen
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    Abstract: The Palu Formation of Pliocene-Quaternary is found to the north of East Anatolian Fault Zone and Palu Anticline axis.Hacımekke and Avlağı villages in the north are surrounded by alluvial fan deposits and these deposits grade in thebraided river deposits to the south.Alluvial fan deposits consist of conglomerates and poorly sorted, pebbly sandstone with muddy matriks and show normal and reverse grading. Braided river deposits display two different depositional models. The Donjek type braided river deposists mainly consist of ibricated and organized conglomerates and through cross-bedded sandstones. These facies pass upwardsto te poorly sorted disorganized conglomearetes and sandstone layers of Scott type braided river deposits.Interrelations of the Donjek and Scott type facies show that tectonism was strong in the area during the PlioceneQuaternary period.

  • Alluvial fan deposits

  • conglomerate

  • PlioceneQuaternary period

  • East Anatolian Fault Zone

  • Elazığ

  • Bingöl, A.F., 1984, Geology of th Elazığ area in the Eastern Taurus region: Proceedings of the Intern. Symp. on the Geol. of the Taurus Belt, 26-29 Sept., 1983, Ankara, 209-217.

  • Bridge, J.S., 1985, Paleochannel patterns inferred from alluvial deposits a critcal evolution: Jour. Sed. Petr., 55, 578-598.

  • Bulut, C, 1973, Elazığ-Gülüşkür-Ferrokrom tesislerine su temini hakkında hidrojeoloji etüd raporu: DSl yayını Rap, No: 166.

  • Cant, D.J., 1982, Fluvial facies models: Sandstone depositional environments (Eds. P.A., Scholle and D. Spearing), Am. Ass, Petrol. Geol. Pub. Tulsa, 115- 138.

  • Collinson, J.D., 1978, Alluvial sediments: Sedimentary environments and facies, (Ed. H.G. Reading), New • York, Elsewier, 15-60.

  • Çetindağ, B., 1985, Elazığ, Palu-Kovanalar dolayının hidrojeoloji incelenmesi: Yüksek lisans tezi (yayınlanmamış), F.Ü. Fen Bil. Enst., Elazığ, 117

  • Harms, J.C. and Fahnestock, R.K., 1965. Stratification bed forms and flow phenomena (with an examplefrom the Rio Grande). Primary Sedimentary, Structuresand Their Hydrodynamic Interpretation (Ed. G.V. Middleton), S.E.P.. Spec. Pub., 12, 84-115.

  • Hein, F.J., 1982, Depositional mechanisms of deep-sea coarse clastic sediments, Cap. Enrage Formation, Quebec: Canada jour. Earth Sci., 19, 267-287.

  • Hooke, R. LeB., 1967, Processes on arid region alluvial fans: Jour. Geology, 75, 438-460.

  • Kazancı, N., ve Gökten, E., 1988, Ankara kuzeyi, Paleosen örgülü akarsu tortullarında çevrimsel depolanma ve litofasiyes değişimleri: Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült. 31, 1, 81-86.

  • Kerey, I.E., 1982, Stratigraphical and sedimentological studies of Upper Carboniferous rock in Nortwestern Turkey: Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Keele University, 238 p.

  • Ketin, I., 1946, Elazığ-palu ve Pertek yörelerinin jeolojik etüdüne ait rapor: MTA Enst. Rap. No: 1708 (yayınlanmamış), Ankara

  • Miall, A.D., 1977, A review of the braided river depositional environments: Earth Sci. Revs. 13, 1-62.

  • Naz, H., 1979, Elazığ-Palu dolaylarının jeolojisi: T.P.A.O. Rap. No: 1365.

  • Nilsen, T.H.,1982, Alluvial fan deposits: Sandstone depositional environments, (Eds. P.A. Scholle and D. Spearing), Am. Ass. Petrol Geol. Pub. Tulsa, 49-86.

  • Nilsen, T.H., 1985, Modern and ancient alluvial fan deposits: Van Nostrand, Reinhold, New York.

  • Özkul, M., 1982, Güney çay in (Elazığ) bölgesinin sedim antolojisi: Yüksek lisans tezi (yayınlanmamış), A.Ü.Fen Fak. Jeo. Böl. 38 s.

  • Perinçek, D., 1979, Palu-Karabegan-Elazığ-SivriceMalatya alanının jeolojisi ve petrol imkanları T.P.A.O. Rap. No: 1361, Ankara.

  • Rust, B,R., 1978, Depositional models for braided alluvium: Fluvial Sedimentology (Ed. A.D. Miall), Canadian Soc. Petrol Geologists, 5, 605-625.

  • Selley, R.C., 1980,Ancient Sedimentary Environments: Richard Clay. Ltd. Bungay,Suffalk,second ed.287 p.

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  • Sungurlu, O., Perinçek, D., Kurt, G., Tuna, E., Dülger, S., Çelikdemir, E., ve Naz, H., 1985, Elazığ-Hazar-Palu alanının jeolojisi: Petrol işleri Genel Md. Derg. No: 9, 83-100.

  • Şengör, A.M.C., 1980, Türkiye`nin neotektoniğinin esasları: Türkiye Jeoloji Kur. Kong. Seri Yay., 40 s

  • Tatar, Y., 1986, Elazığ çevresinde Fırat havzsasmm yapısal jeolojik özellikleri: Elazığ çevresinde Fırat havzasının jeolojisi ve yeraltı zenginlikleri sempozyumu bildiri özetleri, 4-5.

  • Tuna, E., 1979, Elazığ-Palu-Pertek dolayının jeolojisi: T.P.A.O. Arşiv Rap. No: 1363. (yayınlanmamış).

  • Williams, P.F. and Rust, B.R., 1969, The sedimentology of braided river: Jour. Sed. Petrology, 39, 649-679.

  • An Example on the Planktic Foraminifer Zonation of the Eastern Mediterranean Province : Tertiary Sequence of Mut Basin
    Ümit Şafak Nuran Gökçen
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    Abstract: The purpose of this study is to reveal the Neogenestratigraphy dependent upon foraminifer and ostracode fauna.In the region, 29 planktic foraminifer species were determined in the Lower-Middle Miocene and the following biozones wereestablished in the Burdigalian-Serravallian interval :Globorotalia mayeriOrbulina suturalisPraeorbulina glomerosa curvaGlobigerinoides trilobusHaving compared these zones with the previous results obtained in the region Mediterranean. New Zeland. Nord Karabian, Antalya-Korkuteli, Antalya-Mut-Adana Basins, Silifke Region and Tropical Zone, the similar results were seen. It wasindicated that the sea level change deeper to shallow from time to time in the Burdigalian-Serravalian by considering envirenmental characteristics of foraminifer and ostracode fauna.

  • planktic foraminifer

  • ostracode fauna

  • foraminifer biozone

  • Eastern Mediterranean

  • Akarsu, I., 1960. Mut Bölgesinin Jeolojisi. MTA Dergisi, 54: 36-45, Ankara

  • Bizon, G., Bizon, J.J., Aubert, J. ve Oertli, N.J., 1972. Atlas des primapaux Foraminiferes planctoniques du bassın Mediterranean (Oligocene a Quaternaire) Edit, Techniq Paris. 316 s.

  • Bizon, G., Bizon. J.J., Feinberg, N. ve Öztümer, E., 1974a. Antalya-Mut-Adana Havzaları Tersiyer biyostratigrafisi ve mikropaleontoloji yenilikleri, Türkiye ikinci Petrol Kongresi Tebliğleri, 217- 228, Ankara

  • Bizon, G., Biju-Duva, B. ve Letouzey, J., Monod, O. ve Poisson A., Özer. B. ve Öztümer, E., 1974b. Nouvelles precisions stratigraphiques concernant Les bassins Tertiaires de sud de la Turquie (Antalya, Mut, Adana). Revue dl`Institut Français du Petrole, XXEX : 3.

  • Blow, W.H., 1969. .Late Middle Eocene to Recent planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy. Proceedings First International Conference on Planktonic Microfossils, Geneva, 1967, 1, 199-442.

  • Blumenthal, M., 1956. Karaman-Konya Havzası güneybatısında Toros kenar silsileleri ve ŞistRadiolarit Formasyonu`nun stratigrafi meselesi, MTA Dergisi, 48 : 1-36, Ankara.

  • Blumenthal, M., 1961. Gülek Boğazı-Tarsus ile SilifkeMut arasındaki sahanın (Güney Anadolu Torosları / Kilikya Zonu) tabaka serileri ve yapısı. MTA Derleme Rapor No : 2590, Yayımlanmamış, Ankara

  • Bolli, H. M. ve Suva, P., 1973. Oligocene to Recent Planktonic Foraminifera and stratigraphy of the leg 15 in the Caribean Sea : DSDP, 15, 475-497.

  • Carbonnel, G. ve Jiricek, R., 1977. Super zones et datums a Ostracodes dans le Neogene de la Tethys (bassin du Rhone) et de la Paratethys. Newsl. Stratigr. 6(1) : 23-29. Berlin.

  • Demirtaşlı, E., Turhan, N., Bilgin, A.Z. ve Selim, M., 1983. Geology of the Bolkar Mountains, Geology of the Taurus Belt Proceedings (Ed. Tekeli O. ve Göncüoğlu, M.C.), 125-141, Ankara.

  • Gedik, A., Birgili, Ş., Yılmaz, H. ve Yoldaş, R., 1979. Mut-Ermehek-Silifke Yöresinin Jeolojisi ve Petrol olanakları, TJK Bülteni, 22 : 7-26. Ankara.

  • Gökçen, N., 1982, Denizli-Muğla çevresi Neojen istifinin ostrakod biyostratigrafisi, Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 9 : 111-132, Ankara.

  • Gökçen, N., 1984. Neomonoceratina helvetica Superzone and Carinocythereis datumplane in Neogene sequences of Turkey, Newsl. Stratigr. 13(2), 94-103, 2 Tab, Berlin Stuttgart.

  • Gökten, E., 1976. Silifke yöresinin temel kaya birimleri ve Miyosen stratigrafisi, TJK Bülteni, 19(2) : 117- 126, Ankara

  • Jenkins, D.G., 1960. Planktonic Foraminifera from the Lakes Entrance Oilshaft. Victoria. Australia. Micropaleontology. 6, 345-371.

  • Jenkins, D.G., 1966. Planktonic foraminiferal zones and new taxa from the Danian to Lower Miocene of New Zealand. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys., 8, 1088-1126.

  • Jenkins, D.G., 1967, Planktonic foraminiferal zones and new taxa from the Lower Miocene to the Pleistocene of New Zealand. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys., 10. 1064-1078.

  • Jenkins, D.G. 1971. New Zealand Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera. Palaeontol. Bull. N. Z. geol. Surv., 42, 1-278.

  • Jiricek. R., 1983. Redefinition of the Oligocene and Neogene ostracod zonation paratethys. Knihounicka Zemniho plynu a nafty (Nr. 4), 195-236/36 Tab. 9 Lev. Hodonin.

  • Kennett, J.P. ve Srinivasan, M.S., 1983, Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera A phylogenetic atlas

  • Koçyiğit, A., 1976. Karaman - Ermenek (Konya) Bölgesinde ofiyolitli melanj ve diğer oluşuklar TJK Bülteni, 19z : 103-116, Ankara.

  • Nazik, A. ve Toker, V., 1986. Karaisalı Yöresi Orta Miyosen istifinin foraminifer biyostratigrafisi. MTA Dergisi. 103/104 : 139-153, Ankara.

  • Nieoff, W., 1960. Mut 126/1 numaralı harita paftasının revizyon neticeleri hakkında rapor. MTA Derleme Rapor, No : 3390, Yayımlanmamış, Ankara.

  • Özer, B., Biju-Duval, B., Courrier, P. ve Letouzey, J., 1974, Antalya-Mut-Adana Neojen Havzaları Jeolojisi, Türkiye ikinci Petrol Kongresi Tebliğleri, 57- 84, Ankara

  • Pampal, S., 1986. Çimenkuyu-Güçler (Karaman) yöresinin jeolojisi. Gazi Üniversitesi Müh. Mim. Fak. Dergisi, 1(2), Ankara.

  • Pampal, S., 1987. Ayrancı Havzasında metamorfik Bolkar Grubu ve Tersiyer oluşukları, Gazi Üniversitesi Müh. Mim. Fak. Dergisi, 2(2) : 99-115, Ankara.

  • Tanar, Ü., 1989. Mut Havzası Tersiyer istifinin stratigrafik ve mikropaleontolojik (ostrakod ve foraminifer) incelemesi, Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 199s., 3Ek, 12Lev., Adana.

  • Tanar, Ü. ve Gökçen, N., 1990. Mut-Ermenek Tersiyer istifinin stratigrafisi ve mikropaleontolojisi, MTA Dergisi, 110 : 175-180, Ankara.

  • Toker, V., 1985. Korkuteli Yöresi Miyosen nannoplankton biyostratigrafisi, Karadeniz Üniversitesi Dergisi, Jeoloji, 4(1-2) : 9-21.

  • Türkmen, S. 1987. Gezende Baraj Yeri ve dolayının (Mut) Jeoloji incelemesi, Master Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 108s., 5Ek, Adana.

  • The Ostracode Bio Stratigraphy of the Miocene Sequence of Incipınarı-Kurtkuyusu (west of Sinop)
    Cemal Tunoğlu Nuran Gökçen
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    Abstract: In the present investigation, The Upper Miocene biostratigraphy has been recognized in an area ofabout 100 sq. km. between Incipinan-Kurtkuyu west of Sinop Peninsula.The examination has been carried out at 106 samples, taken from four measured stratigraphic sections and twodrill-hole logs. In the Miocene sequence of the region with about 500 m of thickness representing, the marine and upward the continental transitional environments have been recognized five ostracode biozones.The choronostratigraphy of Neogene in the region using the stratigraphic distribution of characteristic ostracodesin the biozones of Turkey and other Tethys and Paratethys basins has been determined. Therefore the sequence at thebottom has been deposited during Meotian and the upper part of the sequence has been formed during Pontian. MarineMeotian deposits which has characteristic of the Tethys and Paratethys bioprovince has been determined and fresh waterPontian deposits which has characteristic of only Paratethys bioprovince has been established. 

  • The ostracode biostratigraphy

  • Neogene

  • The Upper Miocene

  • Sinop Peninsula

  • Akarsu, L, ve Aydın, M., 1979. Sinop, inebolu, Küre, Kastamonu, Taşköprü, Boyabat, Durağan yerleşim merkezleri ile çevrili sahanın genel Jeolojisi, T.P.A.O. Rap. No . 1323 (yayınlanma-mış), Ankara.

  • Akkan, E., 1975. Sinop Yarımadasının Jeomorfolojisi, A.Ü., D.T.C.F. yayın., 261, 105s.

  • Blumental, M., 1948. Bolu civarı ile aşağı Kızılırmak mezrası arasındaki Kuzey Anadolu Silsilelerinin Jeolojisi, Maden Tetkik Arama Derg., 13,265 s., Ankara.

  • Brinkmann, R., 1976. Geology of Turkey. Ferdinant Enke Verlag, 158p

  • Coşkun, B. 1978. Sinop-Ayancık dolaylarında paleoakıntılar ve çökelleri. Türkiye 4. Petrol Kongresi, 127-133.

  • Erinç, S., inandık, H., 1955. Les Depots Pleistocenes observes sur la cote de la Turquie. Rev. Geogr. Inst., 2, 85-92.

  • Gedik, A., Korkmaz, S., 1984. Sinop havzasının Jeolojisi ve petrol olanakları. Jeol. Müh. Derg., 19, 33-53, Ankara.

  • İnandık, H., 1956. Sinop-Terme arasındaki kıyıların morfolojik etüdü. Türk Coğr. Derg., 12, 21-41.

  • Ketin, I, 1962. Sinop 1/500.000 ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası Maden Tetkik Arama Enst. Yayın. Ills., Ankara.

  • Ketin, î., Gümüş, Ö., 1962. Sinop-Ayancık arasındaki III. Bölgeye dahil sahaların Jeolojisi hakkında rapor. T.P.A.O Rap. 213, Ankara

  • Lange, P., 1966. Sinop bölgesinin linyit etüdü, Maden Tetkik Arama Rap. 3574. (yayınlanmamış), Ankara.

  • Özsayar, T., 1977a. Karadeniz kıyı bölgesinde Neojen formasyonları ve bunların Mollusk faunasının incelenmesi K.T.Ü. yayın. 79, 80 s. Trabzon.

  • Özsayar, G., Einige Besaribche Elphidien aus Sinop (Nord Anatolien) Giess. Geol. Schr., 12, 199- 220.

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  • Tunoğlu, C, 1984. Încipınarı-Kurtkuyusu (Sinop batısı) yöresi Neojen`inin ostrakod biyostratigrafisi. Yük. Müh. Tezi Hacettepe Univ., 174 s. (yaynlanmamış), Ankara.

  • Tunoğlu, C, Gökçen, R, 1985. Incipmarı-Kurtkuyusu (Sinop batısı) yöresi Üst Miyosen istifinin yeni ostrakod faunası. Hacettepe Üniv. Yerbilimleri Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkez Bült. Yerbilimleri, 12, 19-38, Ankara.

  • Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Çay Bağı Formation (Upper Miocene Pliocene?) in the East of Elazığ
    İbrahim Türkmen
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    Abstract: The Çaybağı formation (Upper Miocene-Pliocene?) which lies on E-W direction in the east of Elazığ, has beenfirstly recognized in this study. This formation mainly consist of conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone, coal interlayered claystone tuffite and limestone. It`s measuramble thickness is about 700 metres. To its sedimentary properties ten lithofacies havebeen recognized and grouped as lithofacies association. This lithofacies associations display of meandering river, braided riverand lake deposits.The braided river deposits consist of very coarse grained, poorly cemented,, trough cross-bedded sandstones whichbears red conglomerate lenses in some places. Meandering river deposits contain cannel fill, point bar and flood plain subassociations finning upward cycles. The lake deposits comprise marls with coal laminations and limestones including freshwater fossils (Unio indet). 

  • conglomerate

  • coal

  • cross-bedded sandstone

  • fresh water fossil

  • Elazığ

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  • Notes on The Jurassic - Cretaceous Calcareous Algae of the Izmir Region (West Anatolia)
    Musa Kazim Düzbastilar
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    Abstract: The systematic investigasion of species of Cayeuxia, Lithocodium and Marinella of the Codiacea has beenconducted in the study area. Some of these fossils have been found in this area for the first time in Turkey. The similarities anddifferences between our result and those of earlier workers in stratigraphic disribution of algae have been put forth.

  • Cayeuxia

  • Lithocodium

  • Marienella in İzmir Region

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