Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni
Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

2010 NİSAN Cilt 53 Sayı 1
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The Late Burdigalian-Langhian Time Interval in Turkey and the Palaeoenvironment and Palaeoclimatic Implications and Correlation of Europe and Turkey: Late Burdigalian-Langhian Palynofloras and Palaeoclimatic properties of the Muğla-Milas (Kultak)
Mine Sezgül Kayseri Özer Funda Akgün
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Abstract: In this study, the Kultak palynoflora of the Muğla–Milas–Ören (Kultak) region, which is characterizedby Ulmus, Pinus (haploxylon–type), Picea–Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Castaneae, Cyrillaceae, Oleaceae,Poaceae, Carya, Engelhardia, Taxodiaceae, Quercus, Salix, and Myricaceae taxa, are firstly definedand this palynoflora is seen to correspond with the MN5–6 boundary. The Kultak palynolfora iscompared with previously defined palynofloras of Turkey (Ankara–Çayırhan, Balıkesir–Bigadiç; Gönen,Samsun–Havza, Çanakkale–Çan, Çanakkale–Etili and Aydın–Başçayır; Kuloğulları) and Greece(Kolivata, Evia ve Spanokhorion). Numerical climatic parameters (the mean annual temperature“MAT”, the mean annual coldest month “CMT”, the mean annual warmest month “WMT”, and themean annual range of temperature “MART”) for all late Burdigalian–Langhian palynofloras of bothcountries are obtained using the “Coexistence Approach” analaysis method. The effects of the MiddleMiocene climatic optimum period on Turkey and Greece, which is recorded in the late Burdigalian–Langihan time interval in Europe, are discussed. This warm climatic period generally caused anincrease in the CMT values. Influences of the palaeoclimatic and palaeotopographic changes on thepalaeovegetation are interpreted, and especially their influences on termophilous plants (i.e.Schizaceae, Engelhardia, Sapotaceae and Cyrillaceae) grown in the palaeoflora of Europe and Turkey.Palaeovegetational differences during the Miocene time could be related to the palaeotopographicchanges involved in the palaeogeography and palaeoclimatic changing which is observed on a globalscale, based on the data obtained in the Milas-Kultak area.

  • Milas-Kultak

  • Palynology

  • late Burdigalian

  • Langhian Palaeoclimatology

  • Palaeovegetation

  • Palaeogeography

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  • Bioerosion Structures on the Crassostrea gryphoides (Schlotheim, 1813) Shells from the Salyan Formation (Upper Burdigalian-Lower Langhian), K. Maraş, Southeastern Turkey
    İzzet Hoşgör Yavuz Okan
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    Abstract: The Salyan Formation (Upper Burdigalian-Lower Langhian) of K. Maraş, Turkey contains thick-beddeddeposits of oysters. Bioerosion structures found on the Early-Middle Miocene oyster specimensCrassostrea gyrphoides (Schlotheim, 1813) from the Northwestern K. Maraş Basin area are muchaffected by the boring of micro-organisms. The borings, represented by three ichnogenera, are assignedto Renichnus isp., Caulostrepsis isp., and Entobia isp. The activity of Clionid sponges, Polychaeteworms and vermetid gastropods have also been observed. 

  • bioerosion

  • Crassostrea gryphoides

  • Salyan Formation

  • Upper Burdigalian-Lower Langhian

  • K. Maraş

  • Turkey

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  • Palaeoecology of the Rupelian-early Chattian (Oligocene) aged Tokça Formation outcropping east of Çivril (Denizli): Quantitative climatic correlations
    Mehmet Serkan Akkiraz Funda Akgün Sefer Örçen
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    Abstract: In this study, based on the palynological and foraminiferal the contents, palaeoclimatic,palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological interpretations of the Tokça Formation outcropping on theÇardak–Tokça Basin have been made. Limestones at reefal character in the Tokça Formation is knownas the Üçtepeler reef member. Tokça formation can informally be divided in three parts as the lowerside of reef, reef and upper side of reef. Succession under the reef consists chiefly of conglomerate,sandstone, mudstone alternation. In some places, there are plant debris and hematite bearing levels.Suquence on the reef is generally made up of sandstone and mudstone alternation, not availableconglomerate in any level and contains many thin coal seam. Besides, coal seam operated occurs at thelower sides of the sequence. Palynological assemblage has been obtained from both the sequences of thelower side and upper side of the reef. In the assemblage, Laevigatosporites haardti, Pityosporitesmicroalatus, Momipites punctatus, Caryapollenites simplex, Tricolpopollenites liblarensis ssp. fallax,Tricolpopollenites retiformis and Tricolporopollenites cingulum ssp. oviformis are dominant. Inaddition, dinoflagellates representing shallow marine environment have been identified. The richforaminifera community from the Üçtepeler reef member have been described. According toLepidocyclina (Eulepidina) dilatata d’Archiac, Miogypsinoides sp. (primitivel forms), Austrotrillina sp.and Cycloclypeus sp., the age of the deposition has been determined as the lower sides of the UpperOligocene. When palynological and foraminiferal data has been evaluated with together, deposition ofthe Tokça Formation took place under marine influence. Sea level during deposition reefal limestoneshas reached its highest level. The statistical palaeoclimatic results indicate that the Tokça Formationwas deposited under subtropical conditions receiving the high rainfall. The quantitative climatic resultsobtained from the Rupelian–lower Chattian Oligocene Tokça Formation compared with coeval basinsfrom Europe, the temperatures of that period in Anatolia suggests reaching a higher temperatures.

  • Turkey

  • Denizli

  • Tokça Formation

  • Oligocene

  • Palynomorph

  • Foraminifera

  • Palaeoclimate

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