Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni
Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

2011 NİSAN-AĞUSTOS Cilt 54 Sayı 1-2
COVER
View as PDF
COPYRIGHT PAGE
View as PDF
CONTENTS
View as PDF
Geochemical Properties and Platinum Group Element (PGE) Contents of Eastern Turkey (Van Area) Chromitite
Kurtuluş Günay Ali Riza Çolakoğlu
View as PDF

Abstract: Eastern Anatolia (Van) chromite deposits are associated with an east-west trending units of peridotite in theEastern Anatolia Accretionary Complex (EAAC). The samples taken from four different areas were analyzed for  their trace, major oxides and PGE contents. The average content of chromite ore as follows: Mehmetalan n=11)45.3 wt. % Cr2O3, Mollatopuz (n=15) 31 wt. % Cr2O3, YukarÇbalçÇklÇ area (n=12) 43 wt.% Cr2O3 and AlabayÇr(n=4) 36.5 wt. % Cr2O3. The average of ȭPGE results of same group samples contain 194 ppb, 86 ppb, 287 ppb,and 122 ppb respectively. Ir group (Ir, Os, Ru) elements show significantly enrichement compare to Pd groupelements (Pd, Rh, Pt). ȭPGE of chromitites host in ultramafic tectonits are much more abundant compared tobanded chromitite host in cumulates. This results are comparable with all Turkey chromitite ore. InYukarÇbalçÇklÇ area, both existence of abundant cataclastic zones in the polished sections and boudin shapedore within shear zones contain high ȭPGE values (e.g. Sample No:YB-CO2; 627 ppb). This enrichment indicatethat multi stage of deformation may have been effected for PGE enrichment.

  • Chromite

  • platinum group elements

  • accretionary complex

  • Van


  • Akbulut, M., Pişkin, Ö., Arai, S., Özgenç, İ. and Minareci, F., 2010. Base Metal (BM) and Platinum-Group Elements (PGE) Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Elmaslar Chromite Deposit (Denizli, SW Turkey): Implications for a Local BM and PGE Enrichment. Ofioliti, 35,1-20.

  • Anders, E. and Grevesse, M., 1989. Abundances of the elements: Meteoritic and solar. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 53, 197-214.

  • Arai S., 1992. Chemistry of Chromian Spinel in Volcanic Rocks as a Potential Guide to Magma Chemistry. Mineralogical Magazine, 56, 173-184.

  • Arai, S., Uesugi, J. and Ahmed, A.H., 2004. Upper Crustal Podiform Chromitite From The Northern Oman Ophieolite as The Stratigraphically Shallowest Chromitite in Ophiolite and Its Implication for Cr Concentration. Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, 147,145-154.

  • Barazangi, M., Sandvol, E. and Seber, D., 2006. Structure and Tectonic Evolution of the Anatolian Plateau in Eastern Turkey. GSA Spesial Paper 409, 463-474.

  • Barnes, S.J., Naldrett, A.J. and Gorton, M.P., 1985. The Origin of Platinum Group Elements in Terrestrial magmas. Chemical Geology, 53, 303-323.

  • Başpınar, G., 2006. Guleman (Elazığ) Bölgesi Krom Yataklarının Platin Grubu Element İçerikleri ve Jeokimyası. Fırat Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Mühendislik Tezi, 138 s (yayımlanmamış).

  • Bonavia, F.F., Diella, V. and Ferrario, A., 1993. Precambrian podiform chromitites from Kenticha Hill Southern Ethiopia. Economic Geology, 88,198-202.

  • Bozkurt, E., 2001. Neotectonics of Turkey - a synthesis. GeodinamicaActa (Paris) 14, 3-30.

  • Brugmann, G.E., Arndt, N.T., Hoffmann, A.W. and Tobschall, H.J., 1987. Nobel Metal Abundances in komatiite Suit from Alexo, Ontario and Gorgona Island, Colombia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 51, 2159-2169.

  • Cawood A.P., Kroner A., Collins J.W., Kusy M.T., Mooney D.W. and Windley F.B., 2009. Accretionary orogens through Earth history, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 318,1-36.

  • Dickey, J. S., 1975. An hypothesis of origin for podiform chromium deposits: Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, 39, 1061-1074.

  • Dick, H.J.B. and Bullen, T., 1984. Chromian spinel as a petrogenetic indicator in abyssal and alpine type peridotites and spatially associated lavas. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 86, 54-76.

  • DPT, 2000. T.C. Başbakanlık, Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı, Sekizinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı (2001-2005), Madencilik Özel İhtisas Komisyonu, Krom Çalışma Grubu Raporu. 1-52 s (Yayımlanmamış).

  • Economou-Eliopoulos, M., 1996. Platinum-group elements distribution in chromite ores from ophiolite complexes: implications for their exploration. Ore Geology Review, 11, 363-381.

  • Engin, T. and Hirst, D.M., 1970. The alpine chromeores of the Andızlık-Zımparalık area, Fethiye, Southwest Turkey: I.M.M. Trans. Sect. B, 16-29.

  • Engin, T., Balcı, M., Sümer, Y. ve Özkan, Y.Z., 1982. Guleman KromYataklarıvePeridotit Biriminin Genel Jeoloji Konumu ve Yapısal Özellikleri. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi, No:95/96, 77-101.

  • Engin, T., 2001. Magmatik Petrojenez, TÜBİTAK Lisans Üstü Yaz Okulu, (ed, Boztuğ, D. ve Otlu, N.) 7-12 Haziran, Akçakoca- Düzce, 445-473.

  • Faure, G., 1994. Principles and Applications of Geochemistry. Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press. TN 269 S52415. 1-589 s.

  • Garuti, G., Fershtater, G., Bea, F., Montero, P.G., Pushkarev, E.V. and Zaccarini, F., 1997. Platinum-group element distribution in mafic- ultramafic complexes of central and southern Urals: Preliminary results. Tectonophysics, 276, 181-194.

  • Gauthier, M., Corrivaux, L., Trottier, L.J., Cabri, L.J., Laflamme, J.H.G. and Bergeron, M., 1990. Chromitites Platini feres de 1’Estrie-Beauce, Appalaches du sud de Quebec. Mineralium Deposita,25,169-178.

  • Gökçe, A., 2009. Maden Yatakları, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Yayınları. No:100, 1-323 s.

  • Göncüoglu, M.C., Dirik, K. and Kozlu, H., 1997. Pre-Alpine and Alpine Terranes in Turkey: explanatory notes to the terrane map of Turkey. Annales Geologique de Pays Hellenique 37, 515-536.

  • Göncüoğlu, M.C., Sayit, K. and Tekin, U.K., 2010. Oceanization of the northern Neotethys: Geochemical evidence from ophiolitic melange basalts within the Izmir-Ankara suture belt, NWTurkey. Lithos 116,175-187.

  • Kamenetsky, V.S., Crawford, A.J. and Meffre, S., 2001. Factors controlling chemistry of magmatic spinel: an empirical study of associated olivine, Cr-spinel and melt inclusions from primitive rocks. Journal ofPetrology, 42, 655-671.

  • Keskin, M., 2005. Domal uplift and volcanism in a collision zone without a mantle plume: Evidence from Eastern Anatolia, URL: http://www.mantleplumes.org/Anatolia.html

  • Kojonen, K., Zaccarini, F. and Garuti, G., 2003. Platinum-Group Elements and Gold Geochemistry and Mineralogy in the Ray-Iz Ophiolitic Chromitites, Polar Urals. In: Eliopoulos, D.G. et al. (eds.). Mineral Exploration and Sustainable Development, Millpress Rotterdam Netherlands, 599-602.

  • Kozlu-Erdal, H., 2007. Rutil İçeren Kahramanmaraş Berit Metaofiyoliti Kromititleri İçerisinde Belirlenen Polifazlı Pd-Pt-Te Mineralizasyonları Konusunda Kısa Not. MTA Dergisi, 134, 59-64.

  • Kozlu-Erdal, H. and Melcher, F., 2007. Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Platinum-Group Element Enrichments in Berit (Maras) Chromitites, Southeastern Turkey. In: European Geosciences Union General Assembly, pdf, abs., 15-20 April, Vienna, Austria.

  • Kozlu, H. and Rudashevsky, V.N., 2010. Geochemistry of the Platinum-Group Minerals (PGM) in the Chromitites from Elbistan-Berit Mantle/Transition Zone and Kızıldağ (Hatay) Ophiolite, SE-S Turkey. Ontario Geological Survey, 11th International Platinum Symposium, June 21-24.

  • Lago, B.L., Rabinowicz, M. and Nicolas, A., 1982. Podiform chromite ore bodies: a genetic model. Journal of Petrology, 23, 103-125.

  • Leblanc, M., 1991. Platinum-group Elements and Gold in Ophiolitic Complexes, Distribution and Fractionation from Mantle to Oceanic Floor. In: Peters, T. et al. (eds.). Ophiolite Genesis and Evolution of The Oceanic Lithosphere, Oman, Kluwer. Dordrecht, 231-260.

  • Leblanc M. and Nicolas, A., 1992. Ophiolitic Chromites, Intl. Geol. Rev. 34, 653-686.

  • McElduff, B. and Stumpfl, E.F., 1990. The chromite deposits of the Troodos complex, Cyprus - Evidence for the role of a fluid phase accompanying chromite formation. Mineralium Deposita, 26, 307-318.

  • Melcher, F., Grum.W., Thalhammer, T.V. and Thalhammer, O.A.R., 1999. The giant chromite deposits at Kempirsai, Urals: constraints from trace element (PGE, REE) and isotope data. Mineralium Deposita, 34, 250-272.

  • MTA., 2007.1/100000 Van Bölgesi Jeoloji Haritası.

  • Naldrett, A.J., Hoffman, E.L., Green, A.H., Chou, C-L., Naldrett, S.R. and Alcock, R.A., 1979. The Composition of Ni-Sulfide Ores With Particular Reference to Their Content of PGE and A u. Canad. Mineral., 17, 403-415.

  • Naldrett, A.J. and Duke, J.M., 1980. Platinum Metals in Magmatic Sulfide Ores. Science, 208,1417-1424.

  • Naldrett, A.J., 1981. Platinum-Group Element Deposits. In: Cabri, L.J. (eds.). PGE Mineralogy, Geology, Recovery. Canadian Institute ofMineralogy and Metallogeny, 23,197-231.

  • Okay, I., A. and Tüysüz, 0., 1999. Tethyan sutures of northern Turkey. Geological Society, London, Special Publication, 156,475-515.

  • Page, N. J., Engin, T., Singer, D. A. and Haffty, J., 1984, Distribution of platinum-group elements in the Batı Kef chromite deposit, Güleman-Elazığ_ area, Eastern Turkey: Economic Geology, 79,177-184.

  • Parlak, O., Höck, V. and Delaloye, M., 2002. The supra¬subduction zone Pozanti-Karsanti ophiolite, southern Turkey: evidence for high-pressure crystal fractionation of ultramafic cumulates. Lithos, 65, 205- 224.

  • Parlak, O., Höck, V., Kozlu, H. and Delaloye, M., 2004. Oceanic crust generation in an island arc tectonic setting, SE Anatolian orogenic belt (Turkey). Geol. Mag. 141 (5), 583¬603.

  • Parlak, O., Rızaoğlu, T., Bağcı, U., Karaoğlan, F. and Höck, V., 2009. Tectonic significance of the geochemistry and petrology of ophiolites in southeast Anatolia, Turkey. Tectonophysics, 473,173-187.

  • Robertson, A.H.F., 2002. Overview of the genesis and emplacement of Mesozoic ophiolites in the Eastern Mediterranean Tethyan region. Lithos 65,1 - 67.

  • Robertson, A.H.F., 2004. Development of concepts concerning the genesis and emplacement of Tethyan ophiolites in the Eastern Mediterranean and Oman regions. Earth-Science Reviews 66, 331-387.

  • Robertson, A.H.F., Ustaömer, T., Ünlügenç, Ü. C., Parlak, O., Taşli, K. and inan, N. 2006. The Berit transect of the Tauride thrust belt, S Turkey: Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary accretionary and collisional processes related to the South- Neotethys. Journal ofAsian Earth Sciences, 27,108-145.

  • Robertson, A.H.F, Parlak, O, Ustaömer, T. and Ünlügenç, U., 2007. Role of Late Mesozoic subduction and Palaeogene collision in melange genesis and ophiolite emplacement in the 9 Anatolides of western and central Turkey. European Geosciences Union General Assembly, Vienna-Austria, 15 - 20 April 2007. Geophysical Research Abstract, vol 9, 01429.

  • Rollinson, H.R., 1993. Using geochemical data : Evaluation, Presentation, Interpreatation, Longman Scientific & Technical, Newyork, 353 s.

  • Stevens, R. E., 1944. Composition of Some Chromites of the Western Hemisfere Amer. Min. 29,1-34.

  • Stowe, C. W., 1987. Evolution of Chromium Ore Fields. New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold, 340 s.

  • Sarıfakıoğlu, E., Özen, H. and Winchester, J.A., 2009. Petrogenesis of the Refahiye Ophiolite and its Tectonic Significance for Neotethyan Ophiolites Along the Izmir- Ankara-Erzincan Suture Zone Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences . 18, 187-207.

  • Şaroğlu, F., Güner, Y., Kidd, W.S.F. and Şengör, A.M.C., 1980. Neotectonics of Eostern Turkey: New exidencc for Crustal shortening and thickening in a collision Zone: EOS, Vol. 51, 17,360.

  • Şengör, A.M.C., Özeren, M.S., Keskin, M., Sakınç, M., Ali Değer Özbakır, A., D. and Kayan, I., 2008. Eastern Turkish high plateau as a small Turkic-type orogen: Implications for post-collisional crust-forming processes in Turkic-type orogens. Earth-Science Reviews 90,1-48.

  • Şengör, A.M.C., Özeren, M.S., Zor, E. ve Genç, T., 2003. Doğu Anadolu Litosfer Mekaniğine Yeni Bir Yaklaşım. Kuvaterner Çalıştayı IV, İTÜ Avrasya Yerbilimleri Enstitüsü, 29-30 Mayıs, Tübitak, 100-109.

  • Taylor, S. R., and McClennan, S. M., 1985. The continental crust; its composition and evolution: Oxford, UK, Blackwell Scientific, 312 s.

  • Thayer, T.P., I960. Some Critical Differences Between Alpine Type and Stratiform Peridotite Gabbro Complexes: 21st Inter. Geol. Congr., Copenhagen, Repts., 13, 247-259.

  • Thayer, T.P., 1964. Principal Features and Origin of Podiform Chromite Deposits and Some Observations on the Guleman- SoridağDistrict, Turkey: Economic Geology, 59, 1497-1524.

  • Thayer, T.P., 1969. Gravity Differentiation and Magmatic Replacement of Podiform Chromite Deposits. In: Wilsoon, H.D.B., ed., Magmatic Ore Deposits, Econ. Geol Mon. 4.

  • Tsoupas, G. and Economou-Eliopoulos, M., 2008. High PGE contents and extremely abundant PGE-minerals hosted in chromitites from the Veria ophiolite complex, northern Greece. Ore Geology Review, 33, 3-19.

  • Tüysüz, N. and Erler, A., 1995. Geology and geotectonic implications of Kazikkaya area, Kağızman- Kars (Turkey), Proceedings of the International symposium on the Geology of the Black sea Region(Erler, A., Ercan, T., Bingöl, E. and Örçen, S., eds.), September 7-11, Ankara, Turkey, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration and Chamber ofGeological Engineers, Ankara, 76-81.

  • Uçurum, A., Lechler, P. J. and Larson, L. T., 2000. Platinum¬group element distribution in chromite ores from ophiolite complexes, western Turkey: Transactions of the Institution ofMiningand Metallurgy (Section B: Applied Earth Science), 109, 112-120.

  • Uçurum, A., Koptagel, O. and Lechler, P.J., 2006. Main- Component Geochemistry and Platinum-Group-Element Potential of Turkish Chromite Deposits, with Emphasis on the Mugla Area. International Geology Review, 48, 241¬254.

  • Uçurum, A., Lechler, P.J., Arehart, G.B. and Molnar, F., 2007. Platinum-Group Element, Stable Isotope, and Fluid Inclusion Investigation of the Ultramafic Rock-Hosted Gunes-Sogucak Ni-Cu-Sulfide Mineralization in the Gunes Ophiolite, East-Central Turkey. International Geology Review, 49,169-192.

  • Uysal, I., Sadıklar, M.B., Tarkian, M., Karsli, 0. and Aydin, F., 2005. Mineralogy and composition of the chromitites and their platinum- group minerals from Ortaca (Muğla-SW Turkey): evidence for ophiolitic chromitite genesis. Mineralogy and Petrology, 83, 219-242.

  • Uysal, I., Tarkian, M., Sadıklar, M.B. and Şen, C., 2007a. Platinum group- elements geochemistry and mineralogy in ophiolitic chromitites from the Kop Mountains, northeastern Turkey. The Canadian Mineralogist, 45, 355-377.

  • Uysal, I., Zaccarini, F., Garuti, G., Meisel, T., Tarkian, M., Bernhardt, H.J. and Sadiklar, M.B., 2007b. Ophiolitic chromitites from the Kahramanmaraş area, southeastern Turkey: Their platinum-group elements (PGE) geochemistry, mineralogy and Os-isotope signature. Ofioliti, 32,151-161.

  • Uysal, I., 2008. Platinum-Group Minerals (PGM) and Other Solid Inclusions in the Elbistan-Kahramanmaraş Mantle-hosted Ophiolitic Chromitites, South-eastern Turkey: Their Petrogenetic Significance. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences . 17, 729-740.

  • Uysal, I., Zaccarini, F., Sadıklar, B., Bernhardt, H.J., Bigi, S. and Garuti, G., 2009a. Occurrence of rare Ru-Fe-Os-Ir-oxide and associated Platinum-group minerals (PGM) in the chromitite of Muğla ophiolite, SW-Turkey. N. Jb. Miner. Abh. 185/3, 323-333.

  • Uysal, I., Tarkian, M., Sadıklar, B., Zaccarini, F., Meisel, T., Garuti, G. and Heidrich, S., 2009b. Petrology of Al- and Cr-rich ophiolitic chromitites from the Mugla, SW Turkey: implications from composition of chromite, solid inclusions of platinum-group mineral, silicate, and base-metal mineral, and Os-isotope geochemistry. Contributions to Mineral and Petrology, 158, 659-674.

  • Uysal, I., Zaccarini, F., Sadıklar, B., Tarkian, M., Thalhammer, O.A.R. and Garuti, G, 2009c. The podiform chromitites in the Dağküplü and Kavak mines Eskişehir ophiolite (NW- Turkey): Genetic implications of mineralogical and geochemical data. GeologicaActa, 7, 351-362.

  • Yalınız, K.M. and Göncüoğlu M.C., 1999. Clinopyroxene Compositions of the Isotropic Gabbros From the Sarikaraman Ophiolite: New Evidence on Supra-Subduction Zone Type Magma Genesis in Central Anatolia Turkish Journal of Earth Science. 8, 103-112.

  • Yaman, S. and Ohnenstetter, M., 1991, Distribution of platinum¬group elements of chromite deposits within ultramafic zone of Mersin ophiolite (south Turkey): Bulletin of the Geological Congress ofTurkey, 6, 253-261.

  • Yılmaz, Y, 1993. New evidence and model on the evolution of the southeast Anatolian orogen. Geological Society of America Bulletin 105, 251-271.

  • Zaccarini, F., Proenza, J.A., Ortega-Gutierrez, F. and Garuti, G., 2005. Platinum Group Minerals in ophiolitic chromitites from Tehuitzingo (Acatlan Complex, Southern Mexico): implications for postmagmatic modifi cation. - Mineral. Petrol. 84,147-168.

  • Zhou M.F. and Bai, W.J., 1992. Chromite deposits in China and their origin. Mineral. Deposita27,192-199.

  • Zhou, M.F, Robinson, P.T., Malpas, J. and Li, Z., 1996. Podiform Chromitites in the Lobusa Ophiolite (Southern Tibet): Implications for Melt-Rock Interaction and Chromite Segregation in the Upper Mantle. Journal of Petrology, 37,1, 3-21.

  • Zhou, M.F. and Robinson, P.T., 1997. Origin and Tectonic Environment of Podiform Chromite Deposits: Econ. Geol. 92, 259-262.

  • Zhou, M.F., Sun, M., Keays, R.R. and Kerrich.W., 1998. Controls On Platinum-Group Elemental Distributions of Podiform Chromites: A Case Study Of High-Cr-And High Al Chromitites from Chinese Orogenic Belts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 4, 677-688.

  • Günay, K , Çolakoğlu, A . (2011). Doğu Türkiye (Van Bölgesi) Krom Cevherlerinin Jeokimyasal Özellikleri ve Platin Grubu Element (PGE) İçerikleri . Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni , 54 (12) , 1-24 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tjb/issue/46966/589465

  • Geology and Evolution of the River Büyük Menderes, Western Anatolia, Turkey
    Nizamettin Kazanci Alper Gürbüz Sonay Boyraz Aslan
    View as PDF

    Abstract: The River Büyük Menderes (RBM) with the 615 km course and 24,000 km2 drainage area is the longeststream of not only Anatolia but also whole eastern Mediterranean region, which discharges in theAegean Sea. It is also one of the driven elements on Quaternary morphology of western Anatolia. Uppercourse of the RBM places in the Baklan-Dinar Graben (BDG) while middle and lower courses are in DenizliGraben (DG) and Büyük Menderes Graben (BMG) respectively. It has a meandering channel along thelongitudinal profile except for some short discontinuities. In fact, the term “meandering” channel in earth sciences was originated from “Maiandros flu” the antic name of the RMB. Based on results obtained fromthe BM delta (delta complex), the life story of the BMR has been in the last 250,000 years correspond to latePleistocene. However, field geology and core studies indicated that the old RBM was a short, limited streamat the BMG till last Glacial Stage. During that time middle and upper course were separate drainage basinscontaining two lakes called Sarayköy Lake and Baklan Lake respectively. The Kufi stream and the Dinarstream have been discharging in the Baklan lake during the Late Pleistocene, while the Banaz in theSarayköy Lake producing a delta represented by the modern open-sand pits of Yeniköy. Lakes have beenemptied by capture back erosion and then large RBM could form in early Holocene. This captureincreased significantly drainage area, water and sediment capacity of the new river, subsequently theuppermost part of the RBM delta complex occurred rapidly.

  • River geology

  • River Büyük Menderes

  • late Pleistocene

  • Quaternary

  • river capture

  • lake


  • Akdeniz, N., Konak, N., Öztürk, Z. ve Çakır, M.H., 1986. İzmir- Manisa dolaylarının jeolojisi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Raporu, No 7929, Ankara (yayınlanmamış).

  • Akgün, F. ve Akyol, E., 1999. Palynostratigraphy of the coal¬bearing Neogene deposits in Büyük Menderes graben, western Anatolia. Geobios 32, 367-383.

  • Akyol, İ.H., 1947. Türkiye’de akarsu sistemleri ve rejimleri. Türk Coğrafya Enst. Derg., 9-10,1-36.

  • Aksu, A. E., Piper, D.J.W. ve Konuk T., 1987. Quaternary growth patterns of Büyük Menderes and Küçük Menderes deltas, western Turkey. Sedimentary Geology 52, 227-250.

  • Aksu, A.E., Konuk, T., Uluğ, A., Duman, M. ve Piper, D.J.W, 1990. Quaternary tectonic and sedimentary history of eastern Aegean Sea shelf area. Jeofizik4, 3-35.

  • Alçiçek, H., Varol, B. ve Özkul, M., 2007. Sedimentary facies, depositional environments and palaeogeographic evolution of the Denizli basin, SW Anatolia, Turkey. Sedimentary Geology202, 596-637.

  • Altunel, E., 1996. Pamukkale travertenlerinin morfolojik özellikleri, yaşları ve neotektonik önemleri. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi 118, 47-64.

  • Ardel, A., 1957. Batı Toroslarla kenar ovalarının jeomorfolojisi (Xavierde Planhol’a gore). İstanbul Üniv. Coğrafya Enst. Derg., 8, 1-15.

  • Bozkurt, E., 2000. Timing of extension on the Büyük Menderes Graben, western Turkey, and its tectonic implications. In: Bozkurt, E. Winchester, J.A. & Piper J.D.A. (Eds.) Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area. Geological Society of London Special Publication 173, 385¬403.

  • Bozkurt, E., 2003. Origin of the NE trending basins in western Turkey. GeodinamicaActa 16, 61-81.

  • Bozkurt, E. ve Rojay, B., 2005. Episodic, two-stage Neogene extension and short-term intervening compression in Western Turkey: field evidence from the Kiraz Basin and BozdağHorst. Geodinamica Acta 18, 299-316.

  • Bridge, J.S, 2003. Rivers and Floodplains; Forms, Processes and Sedimentary Records. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 491s.

  • Brückner, H., 1997. Coastal changes in western Turkey; rapid delta progradation in historical times. In: F. Briand and A. Maldonado (Eds), Transformations and Evolution of the Mediterranean Coastline vol. 3, CIESM Science Series, pp. 63-74.

  • Brückner, H., Müllenhoff, M., Handl, M. ve van der Borg, K., 2002. Holocene landscape evolution of the Büyük Menderes alluvial plain in the environs of Myous and Priene (Western Anatolia Turkey). Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Supplement Band 127, 47-65.

  • Ceylan, M.A., 1998. Baklan-Çivril ve yakın çevresinin hidromorfoloji etüdü. Marmara Üniv. Sosyal Bil. Enst. Coğrafya Anabilim Dalı, Doktora tezi, İstanbul, 260 s (yayınlanmamış).

  • Chaput, E. 1976. Türkiye’de jeolojik ve jeomorfolojik tetkik seyahatleri. İstanbul Üniv. Coğrafya Enst. Yayını, no 11, İstanbul (Çeviren A.Tanoğlu).

  • Chorley, R.J., Schumm, S.A. ve Sugden, D.E.,1984, Geomorphology. Methuen, London, 605s.

  • Collinson, J. D. 1996. Alluvial sediments. In: Reading, H.G. (Ed.), Sedimentary Environments: Processes, Facies and Stratigraphy. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 37-82.

  • Collinson, J.D. ve Lewin, J., (eds) 1983. Modern and Ancient Fluvial Systems. Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists, no 6, Blackwell, Oxford, 575 s.

  • Çakmakoğlu, A., Göktaş, F., Tarı, E.S., Yavuz, F., Sarıkaya, H., 1986. Çivril-Banaz-Sandıklı arasındaki sahanın jeoloji ön raporu. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enst. Raporu, no 8062, Ankara (yayınlanmamış).

  • Dewey, J.F. ve Şengör, A.M.C. 1979. Aegean and surrounding regions: complex multiplate and continuum tectonics in a convergent zone. Geological Society of America Bulletin 190, 84-92.

  • Dora, Ö., Kun, N. ve Candan, Q.,1992. Menderes masifinin metaforfik tarihçesi ve jeotektonik konumu. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni 35,1- 25.

  • DSİ, 1975. Aşağı Büyük Menderes Havzası Hidrojeoloji İncelemesi. Devlet Su İşleri Raporu, 207s. Ankara.

  • DSİ, 1987. 1981 Akım Gözlem Yıllığı. Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü Matbaası, Genel yayın no957, Ankara.

  • DSİ, 2003. 1999 Akım Gözlem Yıllığı. Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Basım ve Foto Film Şube Müdürlüğü, Ankara.

  • EİE, 1986. Türkiye akarsularında sediment gözlemleri ve sediment taşınım miktarları. Elektrik İşleri Etüd İdaresi Yayını, No 86-61, Ankara.

  • EİE., 1993. Türkiye akarsularında sediment gözlemleri ve sediment taşınım miktarları. Elektrik İşleri Etüd İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü, Yayın No: 93-59, Ankara.

  • EİE, 2000. Türkiye akarsularında asılı yük gözlemleri ve asılı sediment taşınım miktarları. Elektrik İşleri Etüd İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü, Yayın No 20-17, Ankara.

  • EİE, 2006. Türkiye akarsularında asılı yük gözlemleri ve asılı sediment taşınım miktarları. Elektrik İşleri Etüd İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü, Yayın No 93, Ankara.

  • Eisma, D., 1978. Stream deposition and Erosion by the Eastern shore ofthe Aegean. In: W.C. Brice (Ed.), The Environmental History ofthe Near and Middle East since the Last Ice Age, Academic Press, London, p. 38-44.

  • Ergin, M., Kadir, S., Keskin, Ş., Turhan-Akyüz, N. and Yaşar, D., 2007. Late Quaternary climate and sea-level changes recorded in sediment composition off the Büyük Menderes River delta (eastern Aegean Sea, Turkey). Quaternary International 167/168,162-176

  • Erinç, S., 1955, Gediz ve Küçük Menderes deltalarının morfolojisi. 9. Coğrafya Meslek Haftası (22-29 Aralık 1954) - Tebliğler ve Konferanslar. Türk Coğrafya Kurumu Yayını 1, İstanbul, p. 33-66.

  • Erinç, S., 1957. Türkiye’de akarsu rejimlerine toplu bakış. Türk Coğrafya Enstitüsü Derg. 17, 93-117.

  • Erinç, S., 1967. Acıgöl’ün Pleistosen’deki seviyesi hakkında. İstanbul Üniv. Coğrafya Enst. Derg., 16, 140-143.

  • Erinç, S., 1978. Changes in the physical environment in Turkey since the end of the last glacial. In: W.C. Brice, (Ed.), The Environmental History ofthe Near and Middle East since the Last Ice Age, Academic Press, London, p. 45-58.

  • Ermiş, E. ve Karaman, M.E., 1987. Bekilli (Denizli) dolayının stratigrafisi ve petrografik özellikleri. Akdeniz Üniv. İsparta Müh. Fak. Derg., 7, 267-280.

  • Erol, O. 1976. Quaternary shoreline changes on the Anatolian coasts ofthe Aegean Sea and related problems. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France 2, 459-468.

  • Erten, H., Özkul, M., Şen, Ş., 2005. Some Pleistocene mammals from travertine deposits ofthe Denizli basin, SW Turkey. In: Özkul, M., Yağız, S. Ve Jones, B. (Eds), Proceedings of 1st International Symposium on Travertine, 21-25 September 2005, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Türkiye, s. 102.

  • Fielding, C.R. 1984. Upper delta plain lacustrine and fluviolacustrine facies from the Wesphalian of the Durham coalfield, NE England. Sedimentology 31, 547-567.

  • Flemming, K., Johnston, P., Zwartz, D., Yokoyama, Y, Lambeck, K. ve Chappell, J., 1998. Refining the eustatic sea-level curve since the Last Glacial Maximum using far- and intermediate¬field sites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 163, 327¬342.

  • Franco, L., 1996. Ancient Mediterranean harbours: a heritage to preserve. Ocean Coast Management 30,115-151.

  • Göktaş, F., Çakmakoğlu, A., Tan, E.S., Yavuz, F., Sarkaya, H., 1989. Çivril-Çardak arasının jeolojisi. MTA Ege Bölge Müdürlüğü Raporu, no Je/94, İzmir (yayınlanmamış).

  • Göney, S., 1973. Büyük Menderes deltası. İstanbul Üniversitesi Coğrafya Enstitüsü Dergisi 18/19, 339-354.

  • Göney, S., 1975. Büyük Menderes Bölgesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Coğrafya Enstitüsü Dergisi No.79, İstanbul, 15 pp.

  • Gürbüz, A., Boyraz, S., Ismael, M.T., 2012. Plio-Quaternary development of the Baklan-Dinar graben: implications for cross-graben formation in SW Turkey. International Geology Review, 54, 33-50.

  • Gürer, Ö. F., Bozcu, M., Yılmaz, K., Yılmaz, Y., 2001. Neogene basin development around Söke-Kuşadası (Western Anatolia) and its bearing on tectonic development of the Aegean region. GeodinamicaActa, 14, 57-69.

  • Gürer, Ö.F., Sarıca-Filoreau, N., Özburan, M., Sangu, E., Doğan, B., 2009. Progressive development of the Büyük Menderes Graben based on new data, western Turkey. Geological Magazine 146, 652-673.

  • Hakyemez, H.Y., 1989. Kale-Kurbalık (GB Denizli) bölgesindeki Senozoyik yaşlı çökel kayaların jeolojisi ve stratigrafisi. Maden Tetkikve Arama Dergisi 109, 9-21.

  • Hakyemez, H. Y., Erkal, T. ve Göktaş, F., 1999. Late Quaternary evolution of the Gediz and Büyük Menderes grabens, western Anatolia, Turkey. Quaternary Science Reviews 18, 549-554.

  • Hassan, F., 2004. Water and Ethics. A Historical Perspective. UNESCO International Hydrological Programme and World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology, Unesco, ISBN 92-9220-017-8, Paris, 56 p.

  • Holzer, H., 1953. Menderes masifi doğu kısmının jeolojisi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü Raporu, no 2365, Ankara [yayınlanmamış).

  • Ismael, M.T. 2009. Işıklı Göl [Çivril, Denizli) tortullarının sedimantolojik İncelemesi. Ankara Üniv. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 80 s.

  • Kappelman, J., Alçiçek, M. C., Kazancı, N., Özkul, M., Schultz, M. ve Şen, Ş., 2008. First Homo erectus in Turkey and implications for human migration to temperate world. American Journal ofPhysical Anthropologyl35 [1), 110-116.

  • Kastelli, M. 1971. Denizli-Sarayköy-Çubukdağ-Karacasu alanı jeoloji incelemesi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü (M.T.A) Raporu, no; 4573, Ankara [unpublished).

  • Kayan, I., 1988. Late Holocene sea-level changes on the western Anatolian coast. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimate Palaeoecology 68, 205-218.

  • Kayan, I. 1999. Holocene stratigraphy and geomorphological evolution of the Aegean coastal plains of Anatolia. Quaternary Science Reviews 18, 541-548.

  • Kaymakçı, N., 2006. Kinematic development and paleostress analysis of the Denizli Basin [Western Turkish): Implications of spatial varition of relative paleostress magnitudes and orientations: Journal ofAsian Earth Sciences 27, 207-222.

  • Kazancı, N., 2009. Neojen-Kuvaterner sınırının değişmesi ve beklenen gelişmeler. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 52, 365-371.

  • Kazancı, N., Dündar, S., Alçiçek, M.C. ve Gürbüz, A., 2009. Quaternary deposits of the Büyük Menderes Graben in western Anatolia, Turkey; implications on a river capture and the longest Holocene estuary of the Aegean Sea. Marine Gelogy264, 165-176.

  • Kazancı, N., Emre, Ö., Keçer.M., Özdoğan, M., 2000, Jeoloji raporları için güncel çekellerin haritalanması. Öneri ve örnek. 53. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı [20-24 Şubat 2000) Bildiri Özleri, s.237-238, Ankara.

  • Kazancı, N., Koç, K., Boyraz, S., 2011. Türkiye göllerindeki depolanma hızı araştırması ve yorumu. Türkiye 18. Uluslararası Petrol ve Doğal Gaz Kongre ve Sergisi [11-13 Mayıs 2011, Ankara). IPETGAS 2011 Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Derneği, Ankara, s. 64-65.

  • Koçyiğit, A., 2005. The Denizli graben-horst system and the eastern limit of the western Anatolian continental extension: Basin fill, structure, deformational mode, throw amount and episodic evolutionary history, SW Turkey: Geodinamica Acta 18,p.l67-208.

  • Konak, N., Akdeniz, N. ve Çakır, N.H., 1986. Çal-Çivril-Karahallı dolayının jeolojisi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Raporu, no 8945, Ankara [yayınlanmamış).

  • Konyalı, Y., 1970. Çivril kazası Tokça-Karahallı bölgesi jeolojik etüdü ve linyit imkanları. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enst. Raporu, no 6142, Ankara [yayınlanmamış).

  • Mariner, N. ve Morhange, C., 2007. Geoscience of Mediterranean harbours. Earth-Science Reviews 80, 137-194.

  • Miall, A.D., 1978. Lithofacies types and vertical profile models in braided river deposits: A summary. In: Miall, A.D. [Ed.), Fluvial Sedimentology. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 5, 597-604.

  • Miall, A.D., 1984. Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analyses. SpringerVerlag NewYork, 490 pp.

  • Miall, A., 1996. The Geology of Fluvial Deposits. Springer Pub., Ny, 552 s.

  • Miall,, A., 2006. How do we identify big rivers? And how big is big? Sedimentary Geology 186, 39-50.

  • Morgan, J.P. [Ed.), 1970. Deltaic Sedimentation; Modern and Ancient. SEPM Spec. Pub. No 15, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, 312 pp.

  • Mullenhoff, M., Handl, M., Knipping, M. ve Bruckner, H. 2004. The evolution of Lake Bafa [western Turkey) - sedimentological, microfaunal and palynological results. In: Schemevski, G. and Dolch, T. [Eds), Geographie der Meere and Küsten. Coastline Reports, vol. 1, pp. 55-66.

  • Nebert, K., 1956. Denizli-Acıgöl mevkiinin jeolojisi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enst. Raporu, no 2509, Ankara [yayınlanmamış).

  • Nebert, K., 1958. Denizli Pliyosen teressübatı ve bunların batı Anadolu tatlı su Neojen stratigrafisi için ehemmiyeti. Maden TetkikveArama Derg.,51, 7-19.

  • Özkul, M., Varol, B. ve Alçiçek, M.C., 2002. Denizli travertenlerinin depolanma ortamları ve petrografisi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi 125,13-29.

  • Özkul, M., 2005. travertine deposits of Denizli extensional basin in western Turkey; a general review. In: Özkul, M., Yağız, S. Ve Jones, B. [Eds), Proceedings of 1st International Symposium on Travertine, 21-25 September 2005, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Türkiye, s. 18-24.

  • Özkul, M., Gökgöz, A., Horvatincic, N., 2010. Depositional properties and geochemistry of Holocene perched springline tufa deposits and associated spring waters: A case study from the Denizli province, Western Turkey. In: Pedley, H.M. (ed.) Tufas and Speleothems: Unravelling the Microbial and Physical Controls. The Geological Society, London. Special Publications 336, 245-262.

  • Pirazolli, P.A. 2005. A review of possible eustatic, isostatic and tectonic contributions in eight late-Holocene relative sea¬level histories from the Mediterranean area. Quaternary Science Reviews 24,1989-2001.

  • Purvis, M. ve Robertson A.H.F., 2005. Sedimentation of the Neogene-Recent Alaşehir [Gediz) continental graben system used to test alternative tectonic models for western [Aegean) Turkey. Sedimentary Geology 173, 373-408.

  • Platen, B., 1967. Çivril bölgesindeki Neojen sahasının linyit etüdü. MTA Ege Bölge Müdürlüğü Kütüphanesi, Rapor no kö/70, İzmir [yayınlanmamış).

  • Reading, H.G. ve Collinson, J.D. 1996. Clastic coasts. In: Reading, H.G. [Ed.), Sedimentary Environments: Processes, Facies and Stratigraphy. Blackwell Science, Oxford, p. 154-231.

  • Rojay, B., Toprak, V., Demirci, C. ve Süzen, M.L. 2005. Plio— Quaternary evolution of the Küçük Menderes graben (westernAnatolia, Turkey). GeodinamicaActa 18, 241-255.

  • Sarı, C. ve Şalk, M. 2006. Sediment thicknesses of the western Anatolia graben structures determined by 2D and 3D analysis using gravity data. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 26, 39-48.

  • Sarıca, N., 2000. The Plio-Pleistocene age of Büyük Menderes and Gediz grabens and their tectonic significance on N-S extensional tectonics in west Anatolia: mammalian evidence fromthe continental deposits. Geological Journal 35, 1-24.

  • Schröder, B. ve Bay, B., 1996. Late Holocene rapid coastal change in western Anatolia-Büyük Menderes plain as a case study. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, N.F. 102, 61-70.

  • Seyitoğlu, G. ve Scott, B.C. 1991. Late Cenozoic crustal extension and basin formation in west Turkey. Geological Magazine 128, 155-166.

  • Seyitoğlu G. ve Scott, B.C. 1992. The age ofthe Büyük Menderes graben (west Turkey) and its tectonic implications. Geological Magazine 129, 239-242.

  • Seyitoğlu, G., Tekeli, O., Çemen, I., Şen, Ş. ve Işık, V. 2002. The role ofthe flexural rotation I rolling hinge model in the tectonic evolution ofthe Alaşehir graben, western Turkey. Geological Magazine 139,15-26.

  • Sözbilir, H. ve Emre, T., 1990. Neogene stratigraphy and structure ofthe northern rim ofthe Büyük Menderes graben. International Earth Sciences Congress on Aegean Regions (IESCA- 1990), Proceedings, Izmir, Turkey, pp. 314-322.

  • Şen, Ş. ve Seyitoğlu, G., 2009. Magnetostratigraphy of early- middle Miocene deposits from E-W trending Alaşehir and Büyük Menderes grabens in western Turkey, and its tectonic implications. In: Van Hinsbergen, D. J. J., Edwards, M. A. And Govers, R. (Eds), Geodynamics of Collision and Collapse at the Africa - Arabia - Eurasia Subduction Zone. -Geological Society ofLondon, Special Publications, no 311, 321-342.

  • Şenay, Y., 1965. Denizli-Çivril ovası jeofizik rezistivite etüdü. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Ege Bölgesi Müdürlüğü Kütüphanesi, Rapor no jf/30, İzmir (yayınlanmamış).

  • Şenel, M., 1997. 1/100 000 ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritaları Denizli Paftası, no 16. Jeoloji Etüdleri Dairesi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.

  • Şimşek, Ş., 1984. Denizli-Kızıldere-Tekkehamamı-Tosunlar- Buldan-Yenice alanının jeolojisi ve jeotermal enerji olanakları. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü Raporu, No 7846, Ankara (yayınlanmamış).

  • Ternek, Z., 1959. Söke’deki tabii gaz hakkında jeolojik not. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni 7, 58-74.

  • Topkaya, M., 1957. Çivril ve Baklan ovalarının hidrojeoloji etüdü. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enst. Raporu, no 2365, Ankara (yayınlanmamış).

  • Ünal, D., 1981. Denizli-Çivril-Tokça kömürlü Neojen havzası jeoloji raporu. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enst. Raporu, no 1017, Ankara (yayınlanmamış).

  • Ünay, E., Göktaş, F., Hakyemez, Y. ve Şan, Ö. M., 1995. Dating the sediments exposed at the northern part of the Büyük Menderes graben (Turkey) on the basis of Arvicolidae (Rodenti-Mammalia). Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 38, 63-68.

  • Ünay, E. ve Göktaş, F., 2000. Small mammal biocronology ofthe Early Miocene and Quaternary small mammal in the surroundings of Söke (Aydın); Preliminary results. Türkiye JeolojiBülteni 42/2: 99-113.

  • Uysallı, H. ve Keskin, B., 1971. Denizli-Sarayköy-Kızıldere Jeotermal sahası KD-13 ve KD-15 derin jeotermik enerji sondajları bitirme raporu. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü Raporu, No 4717, Ankara (yayınlanmamış).

  • Wesselingh, F.P. ve Alçiçek, H., 2010. A new cardiid bivalve from the Pliocene Baklan Basin (Turkey) and the origin of modern Pontocaspiantaxa. Palaeontology 53, 711-719.

  • Westaway, R., 1994. Evidence for dynamic coupling of surface processes with isostatic compensation in the lower crust during active extension of western Turkey. Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 20203-20223.

  • Yazman, K. M., Çopur, S., Özdemir, I., İztan, Y. H., Sayili, A. ve Batı, Z., 2004. Büyük Menderes Grabeni’nin (Germencik-Denizli arası) jeolojisi, petrol olanakları ve Nazilli-1 arama kuyusu. Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortaklığı Raporu, No 4546, Ankara (yayınlanmamış).

  • Yılmaz, Y, Genç, Ş.C., Gürer, F., Bozcu, M., Yılmaz, K., Karacık, Z., Altunkaynak, Ş. ve Elmas, A., 2000. When did the western Anatolian grabens begin to develop? In: Bozkurt, E., Winchester, J.A., Piper, J.D.A. (Eds.), Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area. Geological Society ofLondon Special Publication 173, pp. 353-384.

  • Zeybek, Y.Z., 1994. Sandıklı ve Çivril ovalarını birbirine bağlayan Kufi Boğazının coğrafi etüdü. Selçuk Üniv. Sosyal Bilimler Enst., Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Konya (yayınlanmamış).

  • Kazancı, N , Gürbüz, A , Boyraz, S . (2011). Büyük Menderes Nehri’nin Jeolojisi ve Evrimi . Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni , 54 (12) , 25-56 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tjb/issue/46966/589505

  • Microfacies Analysis and Depositional Environments of Tertiary Carbonate Sequences in Socotra Island, Yemen
    Mohammed Al-Wosabi Ahmed Al-Aydrus
    View as PDF

    Abstract: A detailed study on the microfacies analysis and depositionalenvironments of Tertiary sedimentary rocks exposed in Socotra Island wereconducted. The investigation was based on fifty four samples collected fromfive stratigraphic sections and included four formations from base to top areUmm er Radhuma (Paleocene - Eocene), Dammam (Eocene), Aydim (Upper Eocene) andMughsayl (Oligocene- Miocene). These rock units are mainly composed ofcarbonates. The petrographic study of unstained and stained thin sections havebeen carried out to investigate its sediment logy, microfacies associations anddepositional environments. According to Dunham classification of limestone(1962), eight carbonate facies were distinguished. They are Mudstone, Dolomiticmudstone/wackestone, Fossiliferous wackestone, Packstone, Marly limestone,Sandy limestone, Reefal limestone, Brecciated wackestone/packstone and Chalkylimestone. The recognized microfacies associations were correlated with thestandard microfacies associations (SMA) which were supposed by Wilson (1975)and Flügel (1982 and 2005). The detailed microfacies analysis show that thestudied rock units were deposited within the shallow marine environment exceptthe upper parts of Mughsayl Formation, which were deposited in a slightly deepmarine environment.

  • Tertiary carbonate

  • microfacies

  • paleoenvironments

  • socotra ısland

  • Yemen


  • Abu Zeid, M. M. and Boukhary, M. A., 1984. Stratigraphy, Facies and Environment of Sedimentation of the Eocene Rocks in the Fahahil (`Gebel Dukhan) Section, Qatar, Arabian Gulf. Revue Paleobiol, 3, 73-159.

  • Al-Husseini, M. I., Mahmoud M. Dia and Matthews, R. K., 2010. Miocene Kareem Sequence, Gulf of Suez, Egypt. GeoArabia, 15 (2), 175-204.

  • Al-Wosabi, M. A. and Wasel, S., 2010. Lithostratigraphic subdivision of the Kuhlan Formation in Yemen. Arab J Geosci, DOI 10.1007/sl2517-010-0236-9.

  • Al-Wosabi, M. A., Khalifa, M. S. and Khaiwka, M. H., 2011. Application of graphic correlation technique on Paleocene- Early Eocene benthic foraminifera, Rub’ Al-Khali Basin and neighboring regions. Arab J Geosci, 4, 607-623.

  • As Saruri, M. L. and Beydoun, Z.R., 1998. Lithostratigraphic subdivision of the outcropping late Cenozoic Shihr Group, Republic of Yemen. Zeitschrift Fur Geologische Wissenschaften, 26 (5/6), 705-725.

  • Banner, F.T., Whittacker, J.E. and Boudagher-Fadel, M. K., 1997. Socotraina, a new hauriniid genus from the Upper Liassic of the Middle East (Foraminifera, Textulariina). Revue de Micropaleontologie40: 115-123.

  • Beydoun Z.R., 1991. Arabian Plate Hydrocarbon Geology and potential - A plate tectonic approach. AAPG studies in geology 33.

  • Beydoun, Z. R. and Bichan, H.R., 1970. The Geology of Socotra Island, Gulf of Aden. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Society ofLondon 125,413-446.

  • Beydoun, Z. R., As-Saruri, M., El-Nakhal, H., Al-Ganad, I., Baraba, R., Nani, A. and Al-Aawah, M., 1998. International Lexicon of Stratigraphy, Vol. II, Asia, Fascicule 10b2, Republic of Yemen. IUGS Publication, 34.

  • Birse, A.C.R., Bott, W.F., Morrison, J. and Samuel, M.A., 1997. The Mesozoic and Early Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Socotra area, eastern Gulf of Aden, Yemen. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 14 (6), 675-684.

  • Bonny, T. G., 1883. On a collection of rock specimens from the island of Socotra. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society ofLondon, 174, 273-294.

  • Boukhary, M., Abdelghany, 0., Bahr, S. and Kame, Y, 2005. Upper Eocene larger foraminifera from the Dammam Formation in the border region of United Arab Emirates and Oman. Micropaleontology, 51 (6), 487-504.

  • Bramkamp, R. A., 1941. Geological description of the Qatar Peninsula. Department of Petroleum Affairs, Qatar (Unpublished).

  • Cherif, O. H., Al-Rifaiy, I. A. and El-Deeb, W. Z. M., 1992. “Post¬Nappes” early Tertiary foraminiferal paleoecology of the northern Hafit area, south of Al-Ain City (United Arab Emirates). Micropaleontology, 38, 37-56.

  • Dunham, R. J., 1962. Classification of Carbonate rocks according to depositional texture. AAPG. Mem. 1,180-121.

  • Fleitmann, D., Matter, A., Burns, S. J., Al-Subbary, A. and Al- Aowah, M., 2004. Geology and Quaternary climate history on Socotra. Fauna of Arabia, 20, 27-43.

  • Flügel, E., 1982. Micofacies Analysis of limestone. Springer¬Verlag Berlin.

  • Flügel, E., 2005. Micofacies of Carbonate rocks, Analysis, Interpretationand Application. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

  • Gregory, J.W., 1899. A note on the geology of Socotra and Abd- el-Kuri. Geological Magazine (N.S.) Decade IV (6), 529-533.

  • Hasson, P.F., 1985. New observations on the biostratigraphy of the Saudi Arabian Umm er Radhuma Formation (Paleogene) and its correlation with neighboring regions. Micropaleontology, 13 (4), 335-364.

  • Jones, R.W. and Racy, A., 1994. Cenozoic Stratigraphy of the Arabian Peninsula and Gulf. Micropaleontology and Hydrocarbon Exploration in the Middle East. Edited by M.D. Simmons, Chapman &Hall, 273-307.

  • Kossmat, F., 1907. Geologi der Inseln Sokotra, Semha, und Abd- el-Kuri. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademic der Wissenshaften in Wien. Mathematisch- naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 71 (1), 1-62.

  • Langbein, Von Rolf and As-Saruri M.L., 1998. Die Rus Formation (Untres Eozân) auf der südlichen Arabischen Halibinsel. Zeitschrift Fur Geologische Wissenschaften, 26 (5/6), 673¬682.

  • Laughton, A.S., 1966. The Gulf of Aden. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London,A259,150-171.

  • Laughton, A.S., Whitmarsh, R.B. and Jones, M.t., 1970. The evolution of the Gulf of Aden. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, A267, 227-266.

  • Morrison, J., Birse, A., Samuel, M.A., Richardson, S.M., Harbury, N. and Bott, W.F., 1997. The Cretaceous sequence stratigraphy ofthe Socotran platform, the Republic ofYemen. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 14 (6), 685-699.

  • Pelikan, A., 1907. Petrographische Untersuchungen von Gesteinen der Inseln Sokotra, Abd-el-Kuri und Semha. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenshaften in Wien, Mathematisch-naturwissen- schaftliche Klasse, 71 (1), 63-91.

  • Platel, J.P., Berthiaux, A., Roger, J., Ferrand, A., 1987. Geological Map of Hawf, Sheet NE 39-16B, scale 1:100,000, with Explanatory Notes. Directorate General of Minerals, Oman Ministry of Petroleum and Minerals.

  • Polis, S. R., Angelich, M. T., Beeman, C, R., Maze, W. B., Reynolds, D. J., Steinhauff, D. M., Tudoran, A. and Wood, M. V., 2005. Preferential deposition and preservation of structurally- controlled synrift reservoirs: Northeast Red Sea and Gulf of Suez. GeoArabia, 10 (1), 97-124.

  • Racey, A., 1994. Palaeoenvironmental Significance of Larger Foraminiferal Biofabrics: Implications for Petroleum Exploration. AL-HUSSEINI, M.I. (ed.) Selected Middle East Papers fromAAPGGEO`94, Bahrain, 2, 793-810.

  • Raisin, C.A., 1888. On some rock specimen from Socotra. Geological Magazine (N.S.) Decade III, 5. 504-507.

  • Roger, J., Platel, J.P., Berthiaux, A., and Le Metour, J., 1992. Geological map of Hawf (Sheet NE 39-16, Scale 1:250 000). Ministry of Petroleum and Minerals, Directorte General of Minerals, Sultanate ofOman.

  • Samuel, M.A., Harbury, N., Bott, R. and Thabet, A.M., 1997. Field observations from Socotran platform: their interpretation and correlation to southern Oman. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 14 (6), 661-673.

  • Sauer, A., 1888. Ueber Riebeckit, ein neues Glied der Hornblendegruppe, sowie uber Neubildung von Albit in granitischen Orthoklasen. Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellshaft, 40, 138-146.

  • Siebens Oil and Gas Ltd., 1977. PDRY-Socotra Concession: Geo¬logical field trip to Socotra, Samha, and Abd al Kuri. Siebens Oil and Gas Company (Unpublished).

  • White, M. R., 1994. Foraminiferal biozonation of the northern Oman Tertiary carbonate succession. Micropaleontology and Hydrocarbon Exploration in the Middle East. Edited by M.D. Simmons, Chapman & Hall, 309-343.

  • Wilson, J. L., 1975. Carbonate facies in geologic history, Springer Verlag, Berlin.

  • Al-wosabı, M , Al-aydrus, A . (2011). Microfacies Analysis and Depositional Environments of Tertiary Carbonate Sequences in Socotra Island, Yemen . Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni , 54 (12) , 57-80 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tjb/issue/46966/589551

  • ISSUE FULL FILE
    View as PDF