Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni
Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

2026 OCAK Cilt 69 Sayı 1
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İÇİNDEKİLER
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Prof. Dr. Namık AYSAL` ın Ardından: Bilime, Gençliğe ve Dağlara Adanmış Bir Ömür
Sabah Yilmaz Şahin Nurullah Hanilçi
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Öz: Türkiye jeoloji camiası büyük bir değerini,İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü Öğretim Üyesi, kıymetli dostumuz ve hocamız Prof. Dr. Namık Aysal`ı6 Ekim 2025 tarihinde kaybetmenin derin üzüntüsünü yaşamıştır. Henüz 52 yaşında, hayatının en verimli çağında aramızdan zamansız ayrılan Prof. Dr. Aysal`ın vefatı, yalnızca akademik camiada değil, öğrencileri ve dostları arasında da yeri doldurulamaz bir boşluk bırakmıştır. Sayın Aysal, kısa ömrünü bilime, öğrencilerine, ülkemizde tek olan ve büyük emek harcayarak arkadaşları ile kurduğu Jeokronoloji ve Jeokimya Laboratuvarına, Türkiye`nin dört bir yanındaki meslektaşlarına ve çok sevdiği dağlara adamıştır. Sahip olduğu çok yönlü kişiliği, tükenmez enerjisi ve çevresine yaydığı "yön gösterici itici güç", yokluğunda çok daha fazla hissedilmekte ve özlemle aranmaktadır.

  • Namık Aysal

  • Jeokronoloji ve Jeokimya Laboratuvarı

  • İstanbul Üniversitesi

  • Aysal, N., Ustaömer, T., Öngen, S., Keskin, M., Köksal,S., Peytcheva, I. & Fanning, M. (2012). Originof the Early-Middle Devonian magmatism inthe Sakarya Zone, NW Turkey: geochronology,geochemistry and isotope systematics. Journal ofAsian Earth Sciences, 45, 201-222.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.10.011

  • Aysal, N., Öngen, S., Doksanaltı, E. M., Şahin, O.,Çağıran, E., Şahin, D., Eruş, M., Baykır, M.ve Kocaışık, F. (2016). Knidos Antik KentindeKullanılan Yapıtaşları, Harç ve SıvalarınMineralojisi, Petrografisi ve Yer Seçiminde RolOynayan Jeolojik Faktörler. Restorasyon veKonservasyon Çalışmaları Dergisi, 19, 46-62.

  • Aysal, N., Guillong, M., Bayanova, T., Fukuyama, M.,Leonard, N., Yılmaz, İ., Varol, E., Tükel, F. Ş.,Kadıoğlu, Y. K., Hanilçi, N. & Uzun, F. (2023).A new natural secondary reference material forgarnet U-Pb dating by TIMS and LA-ICP-MS.Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 47(2),297-310. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12493

  • Aysal, N., Karslıoğlu, Ö., Erdem, E., Guillong, M.,Öngen, S., Uysal, I. T., Kaygısız, E. & Yıldırım,I. D. (2025a). U-Pb calcite geochronology, EPR,geochemistry, and CO-Sr isotopes of ancientmarbles in the İznik Region (Bursa-Türkiye).Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 34(5), 650-668. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1981

  • Aysal, N., Erdem, E., Hanilçi, N., Güngör, T., Öngen,S., Yılmaz, I., Uzun, F., Laçin, D. & Yıldırım, I.D. (2025b). Petrography, electron paramagneticresonance, geochemistry, and Sr-CO isotope datafor provenance studies of the ancient MarmorIassense in Kıyıkışlacık (Muğla region), Türkiye.Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 34(2), 176-189. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1952

  • Bozkaya, Ö., Bozkaya, G., Aysal, N., Hanilçi, N. &Yılmaz, H. (2024). Mineral chemistry and garnetU-Pb dating in the Bizmişen iron skarn deposit,Erzincan, East-Central Türkiye. Geochemistry,84(4), 126163.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2024.126163

  • Göçmengil, G., Tükel, F. Ş., Uzun, F., Guillong, M.,Yılmaz, İ., Aysal, N. & Hanilçi, N. (2022).Accurate whole-rock geochemistry analysis bycombined ICP-OES and LA-ICP-MS instruments.Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration,168, 157-165.https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.947703

  • Göçmengil, G., Müntener, O., Karacık, Z., Genç, Ş.C.,Ulianov, A. & Aysal, N. (2025). Petrogenesis of apost-collisional, shallow crustal mafic complex: Acase study of the Yıldız Dağı gabbroic intrusion(Northern Türkiye). Lithos, 516-517, Article108260.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2025.108260

  • Kaygısız, E., Aysal, N. & Yağcıoğlu, K.D. (2024).Detrital zircon and rutile U–Pb dating of garnetmica schist in the Istranca (Strandja) Massif (NWTürkiye): Mineral chemistry and metamorphicconditions. Geochemistry, 84(4), Article 126172.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2024.126172

  • Öngen, S., Aysal, N., Baykır, M. ve Şahin, M.O. (2012).Tarihi Aydos Kalesi yapı taşları, harç ve sıvalarınınpetrografisi ve kaynak alanları. Restorasyon veKonservasyon Çalışmaları Dergisi, 8, 30-36.

  • Öngen, S. ve Aysal, N., (Basım Aşamasında). İstanbul’u Süsleyen Dekor Taşları - Roma, Bizans, Osmanlı Medeniyetleri Mirası. (Kitap).

  • Özbaş, F. & Hanilçi, N. (2025). Quartz textures, mineral chemistry and fluid inclusion features of Tuztaşı low-sulphidation Au mineralization: Implication to it’s formation. Geochemistry, 85(1), Article 126220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2024.126220

  • Özbey, Z., Aysal, N., Caran, Ş., Tükel, F.Ş., Yağcıoğlu, K. D., Yeşiltaş, M. & Yılmaz, İ. (2024). Mineral chemistry and P–T conditions of the winchitebearing metabasic rocks in the NE edge of the Menderes Massif (Western Türkiye). Geochemistry, 84(4), Article 126126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2024.126126

  • Sönmez, T. & Aysal, N. (2025). Crystal morphology of Antarctic micrometeorites based on melting– cooling processes during atmospheric entry. Crystals, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15020179

  • Şahin, S. Y., Aysal, N., Güngör, Y., Peytcheva, I. & Neubauer, F. (2014). Geochemistry and U–Pb zircon geochronology of metagranites in Istranca (Strandja) Zone, NW Pontides, Turkey: Implications for the geodynamic evolution of Cadomian orogeny. Gondwana Research, 26(2), 755-771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2013.07.011

  • Şahin, S. Y., Naycı, Ö., Aysal, N., Cansu, Z. & Tükel, F. Ş. (2024). Geochemical and geochronological evidences from Cambrian to Ordovician protracted magmatism in the Istranca Massif, NW Türkiye. Geochemistry, 84(4), Article 126196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2024.126196

  • Tükel, F. Ş., Tiringa, D., Hanilçi, N., Ateşçi, B., Aysal, N. & Alan, İ. (2025a). Geochemistry and U-Pb dating of the Yahyalı pluton and associated skarn occurrences, SW Kayseri (Central Türkiye): Geodynamic significance and relation to mineralization. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 274, Article 107756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107756

  • Tükel, F. Ş., Aysal, N., Yıldırım, İ. D., Guillong, M., Uysal, T., Öngen, S. & Erdem, E. (2025b). U-Pb calcite geochronology, EPR, geochemistry, and CO-Sr isotopes of Africano marbles in the Seferihisar (İzmir, Türkiye). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 34(4), 590-609. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1977

  • Uzun, F., Aysal, N., Guillong, M. ve Allaz, J.M. (2024). Mineral chemistry and geothermobarometry of metasedimentary rocks of Central Menderes Massif, Western Türkiye: Metamorphic evolution and source of metapelitic rocks. Geochemistry, 84(4), Article 126199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2024.126199

  • Ündül, Ö., Erözmen, T., Aysal, N. ve Güleç, A. (2025). Alternative stones and cleaning efficiencies for historical building stones used in İstanbul (Türkiye). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 34(3), 455-478. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1969

  • Yılmaz, İ., Şahin, S.Y., Aysal, N., Güngör, Y., Akgündüz, A. ve Bayhan, U. C. (2022). Geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic setting of the Cadomian (Ediacaran–Cambrian) magmatism in the Istranca (Strandja) Massif: new insights in to magmatism along the northern margin of Gondwana in NW Turkey. International Geology Review, 64(17), 2456-2477. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2021.1901249










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    • Taşköprü (Akşehir-Eber Gölleri Arası) Sondaj Karot Verilerinin Geç Pleyistosen Gastropoda-Bivalvia Faunası ve Paleobiyocoğrafik Yayılımı (GB Anadolu)
    Harika Marmara Sevinç Kapan Ürün
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    Öz: Bu çalışmada, Taşköprü köyünde (Akşehir ve Eber gölleri arasında yer alan) yaptırılmış olan her biri 12 metre derinliğe sahip iki adet sondaj karotuna ait örneklerin Mollusca (Gastropoda ve Bivalvia) faunası ilk kez sistematik olarak incelenmiş ve faunanın paleobiyocoğrafik dağılımı ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Sondaj karotlarından sistematik olarak derlenen örneklerden; Mollusca şubesinin Gastropoda sınıfına ait 8 cins ve 8 tür; Valvata piscinalis (O. F. Müller,1774), Valvata sp., Bithynia pseudemmericia Schütt, 1964, Bithynia pseudemmericia operkül, Graecoanatolica lacustristurca Radoman, 1973, Laevicaspia caspia (Eichwald, 1838), Laevicaspia kolesnikoviana (Logvinenko& Starobogatov, 1966), Laevicaspia lincta (Milaschewitsch, 1908), Laevicaspia sp., Lymnaea sp., Stagnicola sp.,Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758), Radix sp., Gyraulus parvus (Say, 1817), Gyraulus sp. ile Bivalvia sınıfına ait;Euglesa casertana (Poli, 1791), Euglesa personata (Malm, 1855), Pisidium amnicum (O. F. Müller, 1774), Pisidiumjassiensis Cobălcescu, 1883, Pisidium sp., Dreissena iconica Schütt, 1991, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771),Dreissena sp. olmak üzere 3 cins ve 6 türün tanımlaması yapılmıştır. Göller Bölgesi`nde daha önce yapılmış olan çalışmalar incelendiğinde; Konya Kapalı Havzası, Eğirdir, Beyşehir, Burdur ve Suğla göllerinin çökellerinde varlığı tespit edilmiş olan Valvata piscinalis, Bithynia pseudemmericia, Graecoanatolica lacustristurca, Radix auricularia,Gyraulus parvus, Euglesa casertana, E. personata, Pisidium amnicum, P. jassiensis ve Dreissena iconica türlerinin, inceleme alanında da tarafımızdan tanımlanmış olması, Geç Pleyistosen esnasında söz konusu havzalar arasında fiziksel bir bağlantının mevcut olabileceğine ya da bu göllerin benzer paleoortamsal koşullarda gelişmiş olabileceğine işaret etmektedir.

  • Gastropoda-Bivalvia

  • GB Anadolu

  • Geç Pleyistosen

  • Paleocoğrafya

  • Taşköprü

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    • Anadolu Çaprazı`na ait Biruni Fayı: Morfolojik, Sismolojik ve Sismik Yansıma Verileri ile Doğu Akdeniz`in Neotektonik Çerçevesi Üzerindeki Etkileri
    Nuray Şahbaz Esra Tunçel Bülent Kaypak Gürol Seyitoğlu
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    Öz: Anadolu Çaprazı, Türkiye`nin neotektonik yapısında önemli bir rol oynayan, Orta Anadolu ve Doğu Anadolu fay zonları arasında 170 km ve Erzincan`dan Kıbrıs Yayına kadar yaklaşık 850 km uzanan belirgin bir sol yanal makaslama zonudur. Güneybatıda karadaki ucu Ecemiş-Deliler Fayı ile temsil edilirken, açık denizdeki devamı olan Biruni Fayı, Kıbrıs Yayına doğru yönelmektedir. Bu çalışma, Ecemiş-Deliler Fayı`nın güneybatı ucunu jeomorfolojik belirteçler aracılığıyla karakterize etmeyi ve Türkiye Petrolleri tarafından sağlanan önemli açık deniz sismik yansıma profilleri ve jeolojik kesitler kullanarak Biruni Fayı`nı tanımlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, fay kinematiğini değerlendirmek için açık deniz sismik olaylarının odak mekanizması çözümleri de incelenmiştir. Kara gözlemlerine göre, Göksu Nehri boyunca 18 km`lik sol yanal ötelenme, Ecemiş-Deliler Fayı`nın güneybatı ucunda yılda yaklaşık 2,25 mm`lik uzun vadeli bir kayma hızına işaret etmektedir. Açık denizde, Biruni Fayı`nın ayrıntılı bir şekilde tanımlanması ve haritalaması ile fayın kuzeydoğu kesiminde birbirine yakın, paralel doğrultu atımlı segmentlerden oluşan bir zondan oluştuğunu ve güneybatıya, Ege Yayına doğru uzanan tek bir doğrusal fay izine dönüştüğünü ortaya koymuştur. Açık morfolojik ifadesine rağmen, Anadolu Çaprazı`ndaki Ecemiş-Deliler Fayı`nın güneybatı ucu ile Biruni Fayı düşük sismik aktivite göstermektedir. Bunun nedeni, bölgesel deformasyonun çoğunun daha batıdaki Antalya-Kekova Fay Zonu ve Ptolemy-Plinius-Strabo Fay Zonu boyunca karşılanması olabilir. Bu yapılar arasında gelişen Antalya Bindirmesi ve Fethiye Bindirmesi, Doğu Akdeniz`deki kayma bölümlenmesine yeni bir bakış açısı sağlamaktadır.

  • Anadolu Çaprazı

  • Biruni fayı

  • Doğu Akdeniz

  • Ecemiş-Deliler Fay Zonu

  • Morfotektonik

  • Neotektonik

  • Acarel, D., Cambaz M. D., Turhan, F., Kömeç Mutlu A. & Polat, R. (2019). Seismotectonics of Malatya Fault, Eastern Turkey. Open Geosciences, 11(1), 1098-11111. https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2019- 0085

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    • Sedimantolojik Proksilere Göre Potansiyel Toksik Element Kaynaklı Ekolojik Risk Seviyesinin Analizi: Gölyazı Litoral Zonu (Uluabat Gölü – Bursa) Örneği
    Buse Öğreten Ahmet Evren Erginal Şakir Fural Serkan Kükrer Erdal Öztura
    PDF Olarak Görüntüle

    Öz: Biyoçeşitlilik açısından oldukça önemli olan göl ekosistemlerinde son yıllarda hızla artan antropojenik faaliyetlerin yol açtığı degradasyonel değişimler dikkat çekmektedir. Göl ekosistemlerindeki ortam bozulmasında potansiyel toksik element (PTE) kontaminasyonunun rolü oldukça fazladır. Bu çalışma Türkiye`nin önemli sulak alanlarından biri olan Uluabat (Apolyont) Gölü`nde yer alan ve üzerinde Gölyazı yerleşmesinin yer aldığı tombolo kıyılarındaki ekolojik riske odaklanmıştır. Tombolo kıyısı boyunca göl tabanından alınan sediment örneklerinin organik karbon ve klorofil bozunma ürünleri analizleri yanı sıra ICP-MS ile belirlenen PTE değerlerinden zenginleşme faktörü (EF),kontaminasyon faktörü (CF), modifiye kontaminasyon faktörü (mCD), toksik risk indeksi (TRI), kirlilik yük indeksi(PLI), ekolojik risk indeksi (mER) ve potansiyel ekolojik risk indeksi (PER) hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre; göl sedimentlerinde PTE konsantrasyonu açısından Fe (29.200) > Al (21.500) > Mn (962) > Ni (256)> Cr (101) > Zn (90)> As (39) > Pb (37) > Cu (31) > Co (20) şeklinde bir sıralanma söz konusudur. EF verilerine göre PTE`lerin zenginleşme düzeyi Ni (10,31) > As (8,24) > Pb (5.05) > Mn (3,12) > Cr (3,08) > Co (2,81) > Zn(2,58) > Fe (2,30) > Cu (1,88) şeklindedir. PTE kaynaklı ekolojik risk seviyesi Ni (51), Co (41), Pb (25), As (24), Cu(10) olup ortalama potansiyel ekolojik risk seviyesi 161`dir. Gölyazı yerleşmesi çevresindeki litoral zonda Cu hariç diğer tüm PTE`ler belirli miktarda zenginleşmiştir. Göldeki en riskli ekolojik risk kaynağı Ni olarak belirlenmiştir. Orta derecede ekolojik risk tespit edilen göldeki başlıca antropojenik risk kaynakları tarım, endüstri ve yerleşme atıklarıdır. 

  • Ekolojik risk

  • göl ekolojisi

  • potansiyel toksik element kontaminasyonu

  • sedimantoloji

  • limnoloji

  • Uluabat Gölü

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  • Aykır, D, Fural, Ş., Kükrer, S., Mutlu, Y. E. (2023). Elementbased ecological and human health risk assessment in a lagoon system in a densely populated basin. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 52(1), 1–19. https://doi. org/10.26881/oahs-2023.1.01

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    • Yüzey Sedimentlerinde Mikroplastiklerin Mekansal Dağılımı ve Risk Değerlendirmesi: Marmara Denizi Gemlik Körfezi Örneği
    Tuğçe Nagihan Arslan Kaya
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    Öz: Mikroplastikler (MP`ler), yaygın dağılımları ve deniz ekosistemlerine potansiyel zararları nedeniyle giderek artan şekilde küresel bir kirletici olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Gemlik Körfezi`ndeki beş istasyondan alınan yüzey sedimentlerinden mikroplastikler yoğunluk ayırma yöntemiyle ekstrakte edilmiş; ardından stereomikroskop ve floresan mikroskobu kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Çalışma, Gemlik Körfezi sedimentlerindeki mikroplastik kirliliğine ilişkin bolluk, mekânsal dağılım ve potansiyel ekolojik risklere odaklanan ilk kapsamlı değerlendirmeyi sunmaktadır. Araştırma alanında MP miktarı, kuru ağırlık başına 2200 ile 6400 adet/kg arasında değişmektedir. Mikroplastiklerin baskın şekli lif (%58,4) ve baskın rengi siyah (%26) olarak belirlenmiştir. Kontaminasyon faktörü(CF) ve kirlilik yükü indeksi (PLI) esas alındığında, sedimentlerin orta düzeyde ila oldukça kirlenmiş olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma, Gemlik Körfezi yüzey sedimentlerinde mikroplastik varlığına dair yeni bulgular ortaya koymakta olup, gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalar ve mikroplastik kirliliğinin yönetimi ile azaltılmasına yönelikstratejiler için bir temel oluşturmaktadır.

  • Ekolojik risk

  • Gemlik Körfezi

  • mikroplastik

  • mikroskop incelemesi

  • Nil Red

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    • Gravite Verilerine Spektral Filtreleme ve Lokal Optimizasyon-Tabanlı Ters Çözüm Teknikleri Uygulayarak Isparta Baseninde Temel Kaya Topografyasının Tahmini
    Rezzan Pekcan Ekinci Çağlayan Balkaya
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    Öz: Isparta Havzası, Batı Anadolu genişleme bölgesi ile Toros orojenik kuşağının birleşim noktasında yer alan tektonik olarak karmaşık bir çöküntü alanıdır. Helen ve Kıbrıs yaylarının kesişimine yakın konumuyla Isparta Açısını oluşturmaktadır. Bu geçiş zonu, yoğun kabuksal deformasyon, karmaşık fay sistemleri ve aktif sismisite ile karakterize edilmekte olup, jeofiziksel araştırmalar açısından önemli bir çalışma sahasıdır. Bu kendine özgü tektonik ortamda sedimanter dolgu kalınlığını belirlemek amacıyla mikrogravite anomalileri analiz edilmiştir. Gravite verileri, 2-BFourier dönüşümüne dayalı bir yöntem kullanılarak bölgesel ve rezidüel bileşenlerine ayrıştırılmıştır. Bu spektral filtreleme aşaması, yüzeye yakın sinyalleri daha geniş tektonik etkilerden etkin bir şekilde ayırarak, genellikle daha derin yapılar tarafından maskelenen sığ özelliklerin çözünürlüğünü artırmış ve derinlik modellemesi için sağlam bir temel oluşturmuştur. Rezidüel gravite anomalileri, hem 2-B hem de 3-B lokal optimizasyon-tabanlı ters çözüm teknikleriyle incelenmiştir. Bu tamamlayıcı yöntemler, sonuçların matematiksel olarak doğrulanmasına olanak tanımış ve elde edilen yapısal yorumların güvenilirliğini arttırmıştır. Elde edilen temel kaya derinliği tahminleri, Isparta Havzası`nın bilinen jeolojik yapısıyla, özellikle fay geometrileri ve stratigrafik sınırlarla uyum göstermektedir ve ters çözüm sonuçları maksimum sedimanter dolgu kalınlığının yaklaşık 0,53 km olduğunu göstermektedir. Tahmin edilen sedimanter dolgu kalınlığı, afet yönetimi açısından pratik önem taşımaktadır. Özellikle havza ortamlarında, kalın sedimanter birikimler deprem sırasında yer hareketi özelliklerini önemli ölçüde etkileyebilir. Bu nedenle, sedimanter birikimin uzamsal dağılımının haritalandırılması, daha bilinçli bölgesel risk değerlendirmelerine katkıda bulunmakta ve hedefli azaltma stratejilerinin geliştirilmesini desteklemektedir. Bu bulguların, Isparta Havzası`nda arazi kullanım planlaması ve altyapı dayanıklılığı için değerli çıktılar oluşturacağı ve sismik tehlike azaltma çalışmalarına katılan yetkililer ve mühendisler için temel bilgi kaynağı sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir.

  • Isparta baseni

  • mikrogravite

  • spektral filtreleme

  • temel kaya topografyası

  • ters çözüm

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    • Geç Triyas Yaşlı Çakrazboz Formasyonu`nda Fasiyes Evrimi ve İklimsel Döngülere Bağlı Göl Tipi Değişkenliği, Batı Pontidler, Türkiye
    Gül Şen İsmail Ömer Yilmaz
    PDF Olarak Görüntüle

    Öz: Çakrazboz Formasyonu, Türkiye`de bilinen tek Triyas yaşlı kıtasal tortul istif olarak Batı Pontidler`in (KuzeybatıTürkiye) Amasra–Kastamonu yöresinde yüzeylenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, altı stratigrafik kesitten elde edilensedimantolojik, petrografik ve stratigrafik veriler birleştirilerek depolanma ortamları yeniden yapılandırılmış ve paleoiklimsel kontrol mekanizmaları değerlendirilmiştir. Saha ve ince kesit analizleri, üç ana litofasiyes grubundan oluşan karmaşık bir fasiyes mozaiğini ortaya koymaktadır: göl, bataklık (palustrin) ve akarsu (flüviyal). Gölsel istifler, çamurtaşı (mikrit), vaketaşı ve tanetaşı gibi karbonatça zengin fasiyeslerden oluşmakta ve düşük enerjili derin gölsublitoral (profundal–sublittoral) ortamlara işaret etmektedir. Palustrin fasiyesler, göl kenarı ortamlarında yaygın olup pedojenik alterasyon, fenestral dokular, kök izleri ve kuruma çatlakları ile karakterizedir; Bozköy ve Başköy-1kesitlerinde bu özellikler daha belirgin şekilde gelişmiştir. Başköy-2 ve Başköy-3 kesitleri, yukarıya doğru incelen kumtaşı-çamurtaşı ardalanmaları ve pedojeneze uğramış çamurtaşlarından oluşan menderesli akarsu sistemlerine ait nokta bar istiflerini içerir ve bu istifler, gölün aşırı dolduğu (overfilled) evrelerde çökelmiştir. Stratigrafik ve sedimantolojik veriler, havzanın tekrar eden şekilde yetersiz dolu (underfilled), dengeli dolu (balanced-fill) ve aşırı dolu (overfilled) göl evreleri arasında geçtiğini göstermektedir. Çakrazboz ve alt İncigez kesitlerindeki karbonatça zengin istifler, yetersiz dolu evrelere özgü düşük enerjili profundal göl koşullarını temsil eder. Üst İncigez ve Başköy-1kesitleri, üste doğru incelen transgresif istiflerin progradasyonlu litoral fasiyeslerle örtülmesiyle karakterize olan dengeli dolu koşulları yansıtır. Aşırı dolu koşullar, Bozköy ve Başköy-1`in üst seviyelerinde yer yer görülür ve bunlar, sürekli tatlı su girişiyle ilişkili yanal olarak genişleyen, üste doğru kalınlaşan ve tane boyu artan istiflerle tanımlanır. Dikey fasiyes geçişleri, istiflenme desenleri ve diyajenez izleri, yarı nemli ile yarı kurak iklim rejimleri altında yörüngesel zorlamalı göl seviyesi değişimlerini yansıtarak Geç Triyas kıtasal havza evrimi, fasiyes mimarisi ve iklim kontrollü sedimantasyon hakkında daha geniş bir anlayış sağlamaktadır. 

  • Batı Pontidler

  • Çakrazboz Formasyonu

  • fasiyes evrimi

  • göl tipi değişkenliği

  • paleoiklim

  • yörüngesel döngüler

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