Öz: Menderes masifi, genişleme tektoniği rejimi etkilerini yaygınca taşır. Bu bakımdan masif, metamorfık çekirdek kompleks oluşumuna iyi bir örnektir. Masifin kuzey kesiminde Simav sıyrılma fayı litoloji, metamorfızma vedeformasyon özellikleri birbirinden farklı tavan ve taban blok birimlerini ayırır. Sıyrılma fayının taban blok kayalarını orta-yüksek dereceli metamorfitler, pegmatoyidler ve granitoyid intrüzyonları oluşturur. Tavan blokta ise şist-mermer topluluğu ve ofiyolitli melanj kaya türleri bulunur. Tüm bu birimler havza kenarları faylanmalar ile sınırlı, Neojen Kuvaterner yaşlı volkano-sedimenter kayalar tarafından örtülür. Simav makaslama zonu sıyrılma fayının taban bloğundaki deforme alanları temsil etmekte olup, iki farklı deformasyon evresi sunar. Bunlar sünümlü (milonitik) ve gevrek (kataklastik) deformasyonlardır. Deformasyonun sünümlü evresinde taban blok kayaları, değişen ölçülerde milonitleşme gösterir; Milonitleşme, protomilonit-milonit-ultramilonit ve blastomilonit aralığında gelişmiştir. Burada sünümlü deforme olmuş kayaların en belirgin özelliği milonitikfoliyasyon ve lineasyon göstermeleridir. Milonitik foliyasyon metamorfık kayalarda ilksel foliyasyona düşük açılarda oblik ya da paralel gelişmiştir. Foliyasyon düzlemlerini biyotit, muskovit ile yassılaşmış kuvars mineralleri oluşturur. Feldispat, az oranda disten ve turmalin mineralleri de foliyasyon düzlemi boyunca dizilmiştir. Zonun diğer önemli elemanı olan lineasyonu ise uzamış kuvars, feldispat, disten, hornblend ile mika mineralleri oluşturur. Asimetrik porfıroklast, mika balığı, oblik rekristalizasyon, S-C, S-C dokusu, ötelenmiş taneler ve V-çek-ayır gibi mikro ve/veya mezodokular, milonitlerde tespit edilen yaygın kinematik belirteçlerdir. Bu asimetrik belirteçler bölgedeki hareketin yönünü üst-K-KD olarak vermektedir. Milonitlerdeki rekristalizasyon, yeni tane oluşumu ve minerallerin diğer deformasyon özellikleri makaslama zonunda orta-üst yeşilşist-amfibolü fasiyesi metamorfızma koşullarını karakterize eder. Ar-Arizotop yaş verileri makaslama zonunun minimum gelişim yaşını Oligosen-Erken Miyosen olarak öngörür. Bölgedeki genişlemeli tektonizmanın ileri aşamasını oluşturan gevrek deformasyon evresi sıyrılma fayı, kataklastik zon gelişimi ve ilerleyen süreçte yüksek açılı* fayların oluşumu ile temsil olur. Kataklastik zon içerisinde bulunan milonitik kayalar kırılma, faylanma ve ufalanma sonucu breş/kataklasit türü kayalara dönüşmüştür. Bu zon içerisinde alterasyon gelişimi de yaygındır. Simav makaslama zonu Menderes masifinin yüzeylemesinin kuzey kesimini kontrol eder. Son yıllarda masifin yüzeyleme mekanizması için simetrik ve asimetrik olarak iki model öne sürülmüştür. Simav makaslama zonunun, yapısal ve mikro-tektonik özellikleri ile izotopik yaş verileri masifin asimetrik yüzeylemeye bağlı geliştiğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Genişlemeli tektonik
Menderes masif
Simav sıyrılma fayı
Milonit
Kataklasit
Kinematik belirteçler
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