Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni
Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

2021 OCAK Cilt 64 Sayı 1
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  • Midyan Havzası`nın Stratigrafik Evrimi ve Hidrokarbon Potansiyeli (KB Suudi Arabistan)
    Muhittin Şenalp Sema Tetiker
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    Öz: Önemli miktarlarda hidrokarbon üretiminin yapıldığı Midyan Havzası, Suudi Arabistan`nın kuzeybatısında yer alır ve Arap Kalkanı olarak bilinen Proterozoyik yaşlı kristalin temel tarafından çevrilmiştir. Bu havza, Erken Miyosende (23,03 My) Kızıldeniz, Süveyş ve Akabe Körfezleri`nin açılması ile oluşmuş yarı-grabenlerde çökelmiş petrol ve doğal gaz potansiyelleri yüksek kalın sedimanter istifler içerir. Açılmanın erken  aşamasında çökelen istifler, karasal alüvyon yelpazesi çökelleri, playa evaporitleri ve bunların üzerine gelen bol fosilli sığ deniz karbonatlarından oluşur. Midyan Havzası`nın Erken Burdigaliyen zamanında derinleşmesi nedeniyle, sığ deniz karbonatları üzerine uyumlu olarak Burqan Formasyonu`nun derin deniz yelpazeleri içindeki hidrokarbon üretiminin yapıldığı klasik türbidit istifleri gelir. Kızıldeniz, Süveyş ve Akabe Körfezleri açılmasının en etkili oduğu zirve döneminde (yaklaşık, 19 My) Sina Yarımadası düşey yönde 4 kilometreden daha fazla yükselmiş ve yüksek dağ zirvelerinde Alp-tipi buzul çökelleri oluşmuştur. Açılmanın geç ve son aşamasını temsil eden istifler sığ deniz ortamında çökelmiş marnlar ve evaporitlerle temsil edilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Burqan Formasyonu içindeki türbidit istiflerinin hidrokarbon potansiyellerini ortaya çıkarmak ve değişen iklim koşullarını temsil eden buzul çökellerinin farklı fasiyeslerini incelemektir. Arazide ölçülmüş sedimantolojik kesitler yardımıyla farklı jeolojik süreçlerin, Burqan Formasyonu içindeki petrol ve gaz rezervuarını oluşturan kökensel yönden farklı kumtaşlarının geometrileri, devamlılıkları ve rezervuar kaliteleri üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Sina Yarımadası üzerinde oluşan Alp-tipi buzul çökelleri, gerçek buzul (moren), buzul-fluviyal ve buzul-denizel çökeller arasındaki düşey ve akış yönündeki yanal değişimleri anlamak için önemli bir olanak sağlar. Masif, boylanmamış morenler havzanın kuzeyindeki derin, U-şeklindeki buzul vadilerinin içinde çökelmiştir. Bu çökeller vadilerin akışı yönünde içinde cilalanmış ve çizilmiş bloklar içeren buzul-fluvial çökellere geçer. Havzanın en derin olduğu güneydoğu bölgesinde buzul-denizel çökeller pelajik şeyller ve türbiditlerle birlikte çökelmiştir. Midyan Havzası`nın, stratigrafik evrimini anlamak, çökelme ortamlarını yorumlamak ve hidrokarbon potansiyelini ortaya çıkarmak için istiflerin devamlı olduğu bölgelerde çok sayıda kesit ölçülmüş ve kumtaşlarının rezervuar özelliklerini ortaya koymak için örnekler alınmıştır.

  • Aqaba Körfezi

  • denizel buzul

  • fluviyal buzul

  • gerçek buzul

  • Midyan Yarımadası

  • Sina Yarımadası

  • Süveyş Körfezi


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    • Göksun, Afşin ve Ekinözü (Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye) Metamorfitlerindeki Fillosilikatların Jeokimyasal Özellikleri
    Deniz Hozatlioğlu Ömer Bozkaya Hüseyin Yalçin
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    Öz: Bu çalışmada, Doğu Toroslar`ın batı kesiminde Kahramanmaraş ili kuzeyinde batıdan doğuya doğru Göksun, Afşin ve Ekinözü ilçeleri çevresinde yüzeyleyen Üst Paleozoyik-Alt Mesozoyik yaşlı metamorfik birimlerindeki fillosilikatların jeokimyasal özellikleri incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda düşük-orta dereceli metamorfik örneklerden elde edilen saf K-mika ve illit/K-mikalarda jeokimyasal (ana ve iz/eser element, duraylı ve radyojenik izotop) incelemeler yapılmıştır. Fillosilikatların ana oksit bileşimlerine göre; Afşin ve Göksun bölgelerine ait illit/K-mikalar Ekinözü bölgesindekilere göre daha yüksek SiO2 ve Al2O3, buna karşın daha düşük MgO, Fe2O3, MnO ve Na2O içermektedir. Fillosilikat minerallerinin ana oksit bileşimlerine göre; şistlerle temsil edilen Ekinözü bölgesindeki K-mikalar biyotit-seladonit, fillitlerle temsil edilen Afşin ve Göksun bölgesindekiler ise muskovit bileşimlerinedaha yakındır. Kloritler; şamozit ve klinoklor arasında trioktahedral bileşime sahiptir. Hem trioktahedral, hem de dioktahedral özelliğindeki illit/K-mikalar; genel anlamda muskovit ile biyotit arasında (biyotit-seladonit, muskovit-filogopit, muskovit-ferrifenjit, muskovit-ferrobiyotit, Al-flogopit-Al-annit) bir bileşim sergilemektedir. Fillosilikat minerallerinin eser element içerikleri; geçiş metalleri ve granitoyid elementler bakımından yüksek; buna karşın diğer elementler, özellikle kalıcılığı düşük (LFSE) ve yüksek (HFSE) elementler açısından düşük derişim göstermektedir. Fillosilikat minerallerinin kondrit-normalize iz element desenlerinde; kloritler K-mikalara, benzer biçimde trioktahedral K-mikalar dioktahedral olanlara göre daha düşük değerler sunmaktadır. Klorit ve illit/Kmikaların kondrit ve Kuzey Amerika Şeyl Bileşimi’ne (NASC) göre normalize edilmiş nadir toprak element (NTE) dağılımlarında; Afşin bölgesine ait dioktahedral K-mikalar en fazla fakirleşmeye, Ekinözü bölgesine ait trioktahedral mikalar ise en yüksek zenginleşmeye sahiptirler. Oksijen ve hidrojen izotop bileşimlerine göre; fillosilikatlarıincelenen tüm örnekler yüksek sıcaklık ve derin ortam koşullarını temsil eden hipojen bölgede yer almaktadır. Serizit/K-mika ve kloritlerin oksijen ve hidrojen izotop değerleri; bu minerallerin oluşum sıcaklıklarının 375-500 °C arasında değiştiğine işaret etmektedir. İllit/K-mikaların 40Ar/39Ar radyometrik yaş verileri; Afşin ve Göksun bölgelerindeki metamorfik kayaçlar için Üst Kretase (Santoniyen-Kampaniyen), Ekinözü bölgesindekiler için Alt-Orta Eosen (İpresiyen-Bartoniyen) döneminde gelişen metamorfizmayı göstermektedir.

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  • metamorfizma

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  • Toros dağları

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  • Hozatlıoğlu, D , Bozkaya, Ö , Yalçın, H . (2020). Göksun, Afşin ve Ekinözü (Kahramanmaraş) Metamorfitlerindeki Fillosilikatların Jeokimyasal Özellikleri . Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni , 64 (1) , 41-74 . DOI: 10.25288/tjb.672813

    • Doğu Bağdat Petrol Sahasında Tanuma-Ahmadi Aralığı için Yeni Petrofizik Denklemler
    Maan H. Abdullah Al-Majid
    PDF Olarak Görüntüle

    Abstract: Porosity and density information were taken from five well logs scattered in East Baghdad oil field. Newempirical equations (porosity-depth, density-depth) were established for all the geological formations within theTanuma-Ahmadi interval. The correlation coefficient (R) of these equations derived for each formation ranged from0.04 to 0.61 which was attributed to variable lithological effects.The depth information for (126) velocity analysis sites covering the field were used to apply those new equations.After the new empirical equations were applied on the whole field, porosity and density contour maps for theperiod (Tanuma-Ahmadi) were produced. The locations of high porosity zones were identified and related to thecompaction and petroleum distribution in the field.

  • East Baghdad oil field

  • empirical equations

  • petrophysical parameters

  • seismic velocity analyses

  • Al-Ameri, T.K. & Al-Obaydi, 2011. Khasib and Tannuma oil sources, East Baghdad oil field, Iraq. Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology, Elsevier, 28, 880-894.

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  • Asquith, G. B. & Krygowski, D., 2004, Basic Well Log Analysis, 2nd Edition: AAPG Methods in Exploration Series 16. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Tulsa, Oklahoma, 244 p.


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  • Abdullah, M . (2020). New Petrophysical Equations for the Tanuma-Ahmadi Interval in the East-Baghdad Oil Field . Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni , 64 (1) , 75-82 . DOI: 10.25288/tjb.587368

    • Aksu Havzası`nın (Antalya, Türkiye) Neojen Stratigrafisi ve Yapısal Unsurları
    Muhammad Harbi Wasoo Ayten Ece Koç
    PDF Olarak Görüntüle

    Öz: Naplı ve bindirmeli Toros kuşağı, Afrika ve Avrasya levhalarının Kretase`den günümüze kadar devam eden yaklaşık K-G yönlü birbirlerine doğru yaklaşma hareketine bağlı olarak oluşmuştur. Bu hareket Neojen`in erken dönemlerinde Isparta Büklümü olarak tanımlanan karmaşık bir morfo-tektonik yapının gelişmesine neden olmuştur. Miyosen`de, Batı ve Orta Toroslar ile Isparta Büklümü`nün iç kesimleri, kırıntılı sedimanlar ve karbonatlarla karakterize edilen denizel havza dolguları ile doldurulmuştur. Çalışma alanı olarak incelenen Aksu Havzası da bu denizel havzalardan biri olup ve Isparta Büklümü`nün tam merkezinde bulunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, Aksu Havzası Neojen döneminde meydana gelen kabuksal deformasyona ait jeolojik kayıtları tutmuştur. Aksu Havzası dolgusu, genel olarak Orta Miyosen`den Kuvaterner`e kadar denizel kırıntılı karakterde olup;1 km`den fazla kalınlığa sahiptir. Havzanın Pliyosen öncesi sedimanları yoğun bir deformasyona maruz kalmıştır. Aksu Havzası`nın sedimanter dolgusu temel üzerine uyumsuzluk ile yerleşen Burdigaliyen-Langhiyen Oymapınar Kireçtaşı ile başlar. İstiflenme düzeni, havzanın kuzeyinde ve güneyinde stratigrafik ve litolojik açıdan farklılıklar göstermektedir. Havzanın kuzey kesimindeki Miyosen istifinin en genç birimi Tortoniyen yaşlı olup, Tortoniyenve Pleyistosen arası birimler birimler eksiktir. Buna karşın, havzanın güneyinde kalan istif nispeten daha tamdır. Litostratigrafik özelliklerin yanı sıra, bu çalışmada Aksu Havzası`nı şekillendiren yapısal unsurlar da ele alınmıştır. Bunlar Aksu ve Kapıkaya bindirmeleri olarak belirlenmiştir. Arazi çalışmalarında yapılan gözlemler ve anahtar fay hatları üzerinden alınan fay-kayma verilerinden elde edilen sonuçlar Aksu Havzasının dört farklı tektonik evrede geliştiğini göstermektedir. Bunlardan ilki, havzanın oluşumu ile ilgili olan ~D-B açılma evresi iken, ikinci evre Isparta Büklümü`nün batı kanadının KD`ya hareketi ile ilişkili olan ~K-G sıkışmalı Likya evresidir. Üçüncü evre, havzada en baskın görülen ~D-B sıkışmalı Aksu evresidir. K-G açılma evresi ise, dördüncü ve son tektonik faz olarak belirlenmiştir. Tüm bu veriler ışığında, Serravaliyen`den Erken Pliyosen`e kadar etkinliğini sürdüren Isparta Büklümü`nün merkezindeki D-B doğrultulu bir kısalmanın varlığı, Afrika ve Avrasya`nın K-G yakınsamasına bağlı levha tektoniği çerçevesinde değerlendirildiğinde ilginçtir. Isparta Büklümü`nün hemen altındaki mantoya ait sismik tomografi görüntüleri Isparta Büklümü`nün altında dalan iki ayrı levha parçasının (Kıbrıs ve Antalya levhaları) varlığına işaret etmişlerdir. Bu durumda, Isparta Büklümü`nün Mio-Pliyosen ve hatta modern dönemdeki evriminde ve Torosların yükselişinde, Antalya Levhası`nın önemli bir katkısı beklenmelidir. 

  • Aksu Havzası

  • Isparta Büklümü

  • kabuk deformasyonu

  • Miyosen denizel havzalar

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    • Geochemical and Petrological Studies of Permo-Carboniferous Sandstones from the Rangit Pebble-Slate Formation, Sikkim Lesser Himalaya, India: Implication for Provenance, Tectonic Setting, and Paleoclimate
    Raj Kumar Priya Vinod Chandra Tewari Rakesh Kumar Ranjan
    PDF Olarak Görüntüle

    Abstract: The Permo-Carboniferous depositional sequence of Lower Gondwana in Sikkim Lesser Himalaya wasinvestigated through an integrated approach of lithological, petrological, and geochemical studies. Lithologically,it is characterized by glacial diamictite at the base and shale-sandstone facies at the top of a sequence which isinterpreted as a glaciomarine deposit. Coarser sandstone and massive diamictite composed of quartz, feldspar,muscovite, zircon, and other lithic fragments are observed in thin section. Geochemistry of all studied samples fromthe Rangit Pebble Slate Formation shows the dominance of silicon dioxide compared to other elemental oxides.The tectonic discrimination diagram positively infers passive margin sedimentation from a felsic-rich provenance.Chemical Index of Alteration was used to depict the weathering trends of all studied samples which reflect paleosedimentation under humid to sub-humid climatic conditions.

  • Gondwana

  • Geochemistry

  • Paleoclimate

  • Rangit Pebble Slate Formation

  • Sikkim Lesser Himalaya

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  • Prıya, R , Tewari, V , Ranjan, R . (2020). Geochemical and Petrological Studies of Permo-Carboniferous Sandstones from the Rangit Pebble-Slate Formation, Sikkim Lesser Himalaya, India: Implication for Provenance, Tectonic Setting, and Paleoclimate . Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni , 64 (1) , 129-142 . DOI: 10.25288/tjb.731580

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