Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni
Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

2013 NİSAN Cilt 56 Sayı 2
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Gediz Grabeninin Kuvaterner Jeolojisi ve Evrimi
Hüseyin Yavuz Hakyemez Fikret Göktaş Tevfik Erkal
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Öz: Batı Anadolu`nun en genç ve önemli yapısal elemanlarından biri olan Gediz Grabeni havzası, Kuvaterner döneminde dikkat çekici jeolojik ve jeomorfolojik aşamaları olan bir evrim geçirmiştir. Kuvaterner başından bu yana akmış olan eski ve yeni Gediz nehirleri ile değişik boyutlardaki göller, K-G genişleme rejimi içinde gelişen tektonik denetimli bir havza evrimi sürecinde çökellerini dolgulamıştır. Bu çalışmada Gediz havzasının erken ve geç Kuvaterner sırasında sinsedimanter tektonizmayla değişen karakteristikleri çökel fasiyesleri ve ortamsal özellikleri tanıtılmakta, nehrin denizle buluşma serüveninin Kuvaterner sonlarında, olasılıkla Holosen ortalarında gerçekleştiği vurgulanmakta ve havzanın Kuvaterner boyunca geçirdiği jeolojik-jeomorfolojik evrim yorumlanmaktadır.

  • Batı Anadolu

  • Gediz Nehri

  • Gediz Grabeni

  • Kuvaterner

  • paleocoğrafya

  • tektonik denetim


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    • Bolkardağı Birliği Devoniyen Yaşlı Metakumtaşlarının Petrografisi ve Jeokimyası: Sedimanter Süreçler, Provens ve Tektonik Ortam İçin Bazı Sınırlamalar
    Ömer Bozkaya Hüseyin Yalçin Remzi Eryilmaz
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    Öz: Orta (Bozkır-Konya, İsalı formasyonu Gerez üyesi) ve Doğu (Kangal-Sivas, Kangal formasyonuBakırtepe üyesi) Toroslar`da allokton Bolkardağı Birliği`ne ait Devoniyen yaşlı metakumtaşları; başlıca kuvars (monokristalin ve polikristalin), feldispat (mikroklin ve plajiyoklaz), fillosilikat (illit, klorit, C-V,C-S ve dikit) ve kayaç parçaları (fillit ve kuvarsit) içermektedir. Polikristalin kuvars, mikroklin ve fillitikkayaç parçaları Bakırtepe üyesinde, plajiyoklaz ise Gerez üyesinde daha yüksek miktarda bulunmaktadır. Gerez üyesi genellikle kuvars arenit, Bakırtepe üyesi ise subarkoz bileşimli meta kumtaşları ile temsil olunmaktadır. Devoniyen yaşlı metakumtaşları, altında ve üstündeki aynı yaşlı birimlere göre litolojik (kum boyu silisiklastik kayaçların baskınlığı) ve mineralojik (daha fazla feldispat ve kuvars içermesi,1M illitlerin ortaya çıkması, farklı fillosilikat birliktelikleri) farklılıklara sahiptir. Meta kumtaşları, yüksek SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 ve K2O içeriği ile karakteristik olup; feldispat türlerine bağlı olarak Bakırtepe üyesi Gerez üyesine göre K2O içeriği bakımından zengin, buna karşın CaO ve Na2O içerikleri bakımından daha fakirdir. Meta kumtaşlarının kondrite normalize iz element dağılımlarına göre; Bakırtepe ve Gerez üyeleri birbirinden ayrılmakta ve hem sedimanter hem de magmatik kökenli kaynak alanlardan beslendiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak; Bolkardağı Birliği`nin birimleri yaş, stratigrafik konum ve litolojik benzerlikler sunmakla birlikte, kaynak alanı, çökelmesi ve diyajenez/metamorfizma tarihçesi açısından önemli farklılıklar içermektedir. Bu farklılıklar, kesiksiz bir sedimantasyondan ziyade, olasılıkla Torosların kuzey birliklerine özgü Variskan orojenezi ile ilişkili transgresyonla provensteki ani değişimlerden kaynaklandığı biçiminde değerlendirilmiştir.

  • Toros Kuşağı

  • Bolkardağı Birliği

  • Kil/Fillosilikat

  • Petrograf

  • Jeokimya


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    • Türkiye Ofiyolitleri ve Ofiyolitli Karışıkları: Genel Bakış
    Ali Yilmaz Hüseyin Yilmaz
    PDF Olarak Görüntüle

    Öz: Sunulan çalışmanın amacı Türkiye`nin ofiyolitleri ve ofiyolitik karışıkları ile bu birimlerin bölgenin evrimine yönelik sınırlamalarına ilişkin önemini gözden geçirmektir. Var olan verilere göre Türkiye`deki ofiyolitik topluluklar üç ana grup halinde sınıflandırılabilir.1. Grup, İstanbul zonunun güney kenarında yer alan pre-Alpin ofiyolitleri ve ofiyolitik karışıkları kapsar. Bu topluluklar Jura öncesi yaşta olup Pontit Kenet zonunun ofiyolitik dizilerini temsil ederler. Karakaya kompleksi pre-Alpin ofiyolitik karışıkları temsil eder ve bu birimler pre-Alpin ofiyolitlerin yerleşimi sırasında oluşmuştur. Paleotetis`in açılma ve kapanma yaşı ile polaritesi esas olarak hala tartışma konusudur.2. Grup, iki alt kuşağa ayrılabilir ve bunlar Kuzey Anadolu Ofiyolit Kuşağı (KAOK) ile temsil edilir. Kuzey Kuzeydoğu alt kuşağı, İzmir`den doğuya doğru sıra ile Ankara-Erzincan zonu ve Küçük Kafkas Ofiyolit Kuşağının Sevan-Akera alt kuşağı olarak devam etmekte olup, Neotetisin kuzey kolunu doğrudan temsil eder. Bu alt kuşağın ofiyolitleri parçalanmış ofiyolitik dizileri temsil eder ve Üst Kretase yaşta ofiyolitik karışıklarla birlikte yer alır. Güney alt kuşağı ise Marmaris yöresinde başlar ve doğuya doğru sıra ile Hadim, Aladağlar, Tecer-Divriği, Erzurum, Kağızman yörelerinde devam ederek Küçük Kafkas Ofiyolit Kuşağının Vedi alt kuşağına bağlanır. Hınıs yöresi ve Van Gölünün kuzeydoğusundaki yüzeylemeler, KAOK topluluğunun güney alt kuşağının en güneyindeki parçaları olabilirler. Güney alt kuşağının ofiyolit ve karışıkları yaş, bileşim ve tektonik konum açısından kuzey alt kuşağının ofiyolitik birimlerine benzer özellikler sunarlar. Bu nedenle güneydeki birimler, kuzeydekilerin tektonik olarak taşınmış ürünleri olabilir. Neotetis`in kuzey kolunun açılması batıda Triyas`ta, doğuda Jurasik`te başladı. Neotetis`in kuzey kolunun kapanması ise Geç Kretase`de başladı ve Orta Eosen öncesinde sona erdi.3. Grup, düzenli Jura-Alt Kretase ve Geç Kretase yaşta ofiyolitik dizileri ve Geç Kretase yaşta ofiyolitli karışıkları kapsayan Güney ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Ofiyolit Kuşağı (GAOK) ile temsil edilir. Güneydoğu Anadolu`da Neotetis`in güney kolunun açılması Permiyen-Triyas döneminde, kapanma ise Geç Kretasede başladı ve Geç Miyosen öncesi dönemde sona erdi.2. ve 3. grup ofiyolitler ve karışıklar birbirlerinden Anadolu-Toros blokunun metamorfik olmayan ekseni ile ayrılırlar. Bunlar birlikte Okyanus Ortası Sırtı Bazaltları (OOSB) ve Yitim Zonu Üstü (YZÜ) türde ofiyolitler içermekte olup kuzeye dalımlı çift yitim zonu boyunca Üst Kretase`de yerleşmişlerdir. Ofiyolitik birimlerin yerleşme biçimi, KAOK ve GAOK boyunca kuzeye ve güneye bakan bindirmelerin varlığı gözetildiğinde bir çiçek yapısını gösterir. 

  • Alpin ofiyolitleri

  • karışıklar

  • kenedler

  • pre-Alpin ofiyolitler

  • Türkiye


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