Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni
Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni

2023 NİSAN Cilt 66 Sayı 2
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Avanos (Nevşehir, Orta Anadolu) Yöresindeki Geç Kretase Yaşlı Alkalen Plütonik ve Subvolkanik Kayaçların Jeokimyası, Mineral Kimyası ve Kristallenme Koşulları
Erman Divilioğlu Ayşe Orhan
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Öz: Avanos`un (Nevşehir) kuzeybatısında yüzeyleyen Karahıdır plütonik ve subvolkanik kayaçları, Orta Anadolu Granitoyidleri içerisinde yer alır. İri K-feldispat kristalleri ile porfirik doku sunan subvolkanik kayaçlar orta kaba taneli plütonik kayaçları keserek bölgeye yerleşmiştir. Benzer mineral içeriğine sahip olan bu kayaçlar ortoklaz, plajiyoklaz, kuvars, amfibol ve biyotit mineralleri içerir. Mineral kimyası sonuçlarına göre plajiyoklazlar andezin-albit-anortoklaz (Ab57-98), biyotitler Fe`li biyotit (annit-siderofillit) ve amfibol ise Mg-Fe`li hornblent (magnesiohastingsit-ferropargasit) bileşimindedir. Hornblent ve biyotit bileşimleri subalkalen-alkalen magma karakterini yansıtır. Minerallerin jeotermobarometrik sonuçları, Karahıdır plütonu ve subvolkanik kayaçların 0,41-1,91 kbar basınç (P) ve 692-804 °C sıcaklık (T) koşullarında kristalleştiğini göstermiştir. Jeokimyasal olarak, Karahıdır plütonu kuvars siyenit, Karahıdır subvolkaniti ise dasit porfir andezit porfir vetrakiandezit porfir bileşimindedir. Yüksek toplam alkali (K2O+Na2O) içeriği, Fe-indeksi, büyük iyon yarıçaplı (BİYE: Rb, Sr, Ba, K) ve nadir toprak element (NTE) içerikleri ve düşük Co, Ni, Sc bolluğu, düşük CaO/Al2O3 oranı ve düşük Mg# değerleri ile karakteristiktir. Kayaçlar şoşonitik, alkali-kalsik ila alkalen, metaluminyum ilaper aluminyum arasında bileşimleri sergiler. Kondrite normalize edilmiş NTE diyagramında, örnekler hafif nadir toprak elementlerce (HNTE) zenginleşmiş (La/Ybn=16,33-29,80) bir desen ve negatif-Eu [(Eu/Eu*)n=0,39-0,66] anomalisi sunar. Kayaçlar, ilksel mantoya göre bazı BİYE (Rb, K ve Th gibi) ve NTE zenginleşirken yüksek çekim alanlı elementlerce (YÇAE; Nb, Zr ve Ti gibi) fakirleşmiştir. Karahıdır plütonik ve subvolkanik kayaçları yitim bileşeni taşıyan çarpışma sonrası gelişmiş alüminyumlu A-tipi granit özelliklerini gösterir. Plütonik ve subvolkanik kayaçlar önemli kıta kabuğu bileşeni içeren litosferik ve astenosferik mantodan türemiştir. 

  • A-tipi granit

  • jeokimya

  • mineral kimyasi

  • Nevşehir

  • Orta Anadolu


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  • Divilioğlu, E. & Orhan, A. (2023). Avanos (Nevşehir, Orta Anadolu) Yöresindeki Geç Kretase Yaşlı Alkalen Plütonik ve Subvolkanik Kayaçların Jeokimyası, Mineral Kimyası ve Kristallenme Koşulları . Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni , 66 (2) , 159-188 . DOI: 10.25288/tjb.1212341

    • Orta Anadolu Volkanik Bölgesi`nde (OAVB) Piroklastik Kayacın Hidrotermal Alterasyonu Sırasında Gözlenen Mineralojik ve Jeokimyasal Değişimler: Doğal Oluşum Koşullarının Simülasyonu
    Lütfiye Akin Hüseyin Evren Çubukçu
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    Öz: Orta Anadolu Volkanik Bölgesi’nde (OAVB) geniş alanlarda yayılım gösteren piroklastik akıntı birimleri çoğu zaman hidrotermal alterasyona maruz kalmış şekilde bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, bölgede farklı koşullar altında gerçekleşen hâkim alterasyon tipini saptamak, ikincil mineral oluşumunu etkileyen fizikokimyasal koşulları ortaya koymak ve hâkim jeolojik süreçlere yaklaşımda bulunmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Zelve ignimbiriti bölgede en fazla hidrotermal alterasyona uğramış piroklastik akıntı birimlerinden birini temsil etmektedir. Akıntı birimine aitilksel pomza örnekleri, alkali çözeltiler ile kontrollü koşullar altında tepkimeye sokulmuş ve alterasyon sonucu oluşan zeolit mineralleri incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda yürütülen deneysel çalışmalar, bölgede etkin hidrotermal koşullar gözönünde bulundurarak, otojenik basınç altında ve yaklaşık 150 ºC sıcaklıkta NaOH, KOH ve NaHCO3 gibi alkali çözelti aktivite ajanları kullanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneyler sonucunda elde edilen reaksiyon ürünleri X-ışınıdifraksiyonu (XRD) ile tanımlanmış ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) çalışmalarıyla oluşan ürünler karakterize edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, filipsit (K- ve Na-), analsim, mordenit ve şabazit gibi zeolit mineralleri sentezlenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar, ilksel camdan itibaren gerçekleşen hidrotermal alterasyonda NaOH alkali çözeltisinin, zeolit mineralinin oluşumunda etkin aktivite ajanı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bununla birlikte, bölgede doğal olarak oluşan zeolit mineralleri (analsim, filipsit, şabazit, mordenit, klinoptilolit ve eriyonit) ile deneysel çalışmalarsonucunda elde edilen ürünlerin örtüştüğü belirlenmiştir. Alterasyon ürünleri ana ve iz element bileşimleri başlangıç malzemesine göre belirgin farklılıklar göstermektedir. Ürünlere ait CaO, K2O ve Na2O ana oksit bileşimlerinde zenginleşme, Rb, Ba ve P gibi elementlerde tüketilme gözlenmiştir. Bu durum, özellikle zeolit oluşumu sırasında başlangıç malzemesi ile çözelti arasında gerçekleşen element değişimleri ile açıklanabilmektedir. 

  • Alterasyon

  • deneysel mineraloji

  • hidrotermal reaksiyon

  • ignimbirit

  • sentez

  • zeolit


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    • Kilitbahir Limanı`nın (Çanakkale, Türkiye) Toksik Element Kaynaklı Potansiyel Ekolojik Risk Değerlendirmesi
    Uğur Oran Ahmet Evren Erginal
    PDF Olarak Görüntüle

    Öz: Bu çalışmada Çanakkale Boğazı boyunca en aktif limanlardan biri olan Kilitbahir Limanı`ndan alınan sedimanların ekolojik risk analizi sonuçları tartışılmaktadır. Liman ve çevresinden alınan numunelerden elde edilen ICP-MS analiz sonuçlarına göre Mo, Cu ve Zn`de orta düzeyde zenginleşme olmasının nedeninin antropojenik aktivitelerle ilişkili olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Jeoakümülasyon ve zenginleştirme faktörü verilerininde uyumluluğu, kirliliğin antropojenik olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma alanında önemli bir toksik risk tespit edilmemiş olmasına ragmen Mo potansiyel toksik element olarak en çok zenginleşmiş elementtir. Çalışmada belirlenmiş olan Hg ve Cd türündeki ekolojik riskin ise Kilitbahir limanına/limanından geçen deniz araçlarının neden olduğu yağ ve yakıt sızıntıları ile çalışma alanındaki karayolu trafiği ile ilgili olması muhtemeldir.

  • Çanakkale

  • ekolojik risk

  • Kilitbahir Limanı

  • toksik element potansiyeli


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    • Yakacık (KB-Ankara) Bölgesi Manyezit Damarlarının Oluşumu ve Kökeni
    Habibe Eren Köroğlu Elif Ahiska Zehra Semra Karakaş Sinan Ahiska
    PDF Olarak Görüntüle

    Öz: Türkiye`deki manyezit oluşumları, genellikle sedimanter kayaçlar ve altere ultramafik kayaçların kırık ve çatlakları içerisinde damar ve ağsal (stokvörk) şekilde bulunmaktadır. İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Sütur Kuşağı içerisindeki Anadolu Bloğu`nun Orta Anadolu olarak adlandırılan kısmında ve Ankara`nın 15 km kuzeybatısında bulunan Yakacık köyü civarında ofiyolitik birimler ile manyezit oluşumları yüzlek vermektedir. Bu çalışmada ofiyolitik birimler ile manyezit oluşumlarının mineraloji ve petrografisi, XRD karakteristikleri, jeokimyasal incelemeleri ve C-O izotop çalışmaları kullanılarak cevherleşmeyi meydana getiren akışkan(lar)ın kökensel incelemesi yapılmıştır. Bölgedeki manyezit cevherleşmesi Yakacık civarında serpantinit, gabro, diyabaz, bazalt, radyolarit ve kireçtaşlarını içeren olistostromal düzeylerden oluşan Kapaklı üyesine ait serpantinitler içerisinde damar-ağsal (stokvörk) ve kuvarslı manyezit damarları şeklindedir. Manyezit damarları kriptokristalin vemikro kristalin yapı göstermekte ve manyezitlere kuvars, klorit, dolomit ve serpantin mineralleri eşlik etmektedir. Ağsal (stokvörk) manyezitlerde ise kuvars, serpantin, olivin, kalsit ve dolomit mineral birlikteliği belirlenmiştir. Kil minerallerinin ise klorit, simektit ve kaolinitten oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan mineralojik ve raman spektroskobik çalışmalarda hem damar hem de ağsal (stokvörk) cevherleşmelerde olivin mineralinden kemererit mineraline dönüşümler tespit edilmiştir. Jeokimyasal analiz sonuçlarından elde edilen değerler, manyezit oluşumlarının ultramafik kayaçlarla ilişkili olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Manyezit oluşumlarının kökenlerini saptayabilmek için δ13C (VPDB) ve δ18O (VSMOW) duraylı izotop çalışması manyezitten ve kireçtaşından alınan örnekler üzerinde yapılmış olup manyezitlerde δ13C (VPDB) ‰-3,07 ile 9,67 arasında, δ18O (VSMOW) ‰23,05ile 27,49 arasında, kireçtaşlarında δ13C (VPDB) ‰0,20 ile 3,74 arasında, δ18O (VSMOW) ‰ 27,05 ile 28,96 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Bölgede, manyezit oluşumlarına ait C ve O için kaynaklık edebilecek en önemli kayaç Jurayaşlı kireçtaşlarıdır. Sonuç olarak, yüzey sularının derinlere hareketi, erken-orta Miyosen`de bölgede gözlenen volkanizmanınısıtıcı rol üstlenmesi, derinlere inen akışkanların ısınması sonucunda kireçtaşlarının de karbonasyonu ve kısmen demagmatik bir katkı ile CO2`yı bünyesine alması serpantinleşmiş ultramafik kayaçların kırık-çatlaklarında oluşan manyezitin ana oluşum mekanizmalarıdır. 

  • C-O izotop

  • kemererit

  • manyezit

  • ultramafik

  • XRD


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  • Eren Köroğlu, H. , Akıska, E. , Karakaş, Z. & Akıska, S. (2023). Yakacık (KB-Ankara) Bölgesi Manyezit Damarlarının Oluşumu ve Kökeni . Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni , 66 (2) , 223-256 . DOI: 10.25288/tjb.1242468

    • Türkiye`nin Antalya İlinde Safra Kesesi Taşlarının Fiziksel, Kimyasal ve Mineralojik Özelliklerinin Analizi
    Dilek Kabakçi Mustafa Gürhan Yalçin Gülsüm Özlem Elpek Iosif Volfson
    PDF Olarak Görüntüle

    Öz: Safra taşı hastalığı, dünya çapında birçok toplumda yüksek prevalansa sahip en yaygın hastalıktır. Literatürde bu hastalık için tartışılan başlıca risk faktörleri hızlı kilo alımı, obezite, yaş, cinsiyet, genetik faktörler, çok çocuk doğurma, yaşam tarzı ve ilaçlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Antalya`da yaşayan hastalarda safra kesesi taşlarının kimyasal ve fiziksel özelliklerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla, 69 hastadan alınan 1243 safra taşı örneğinin kimyasal vemineralojik özellikleri X-ışını difraktometresi (XRD), taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ve Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi (FTIR) uygulamaları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. SEM ve FTIR analiz sonuçlarına göre kolesterol, kalsiyum karbonat, kalsiyum bilirubinat, kalsiyum fosfat, karbonat apatit ve protein içerikleri gözlenmiştir. Kolesterol 69 hastanın %95’inde tespit edilmiştir; 44 örnek kadın hastalardan elde edilmiştir. X-Işını Difraktometre (XRD) analizi safra taşlarının bileşiminin nevberyit, struvit vearagonit minerallerini içerdiğini göstermiştir. Nevberyit örneklerin %59’unda mevcuttur. Bu safra taşlarının fiziksel, kimyasal ve mineralojik özellikleri safra taşı oluşumunu anlamak için çok önemlidir. Çalışmanın sonuçları 5F Kuralı(Female, Forty, Fatty, Fair, Fertile) ile uyumludur. Bilirubinat ile bakteri varlığı arasındaki ilişki belirlenmiştir. Safra taşlarında baryum asetat ve alüminyum silikat varlığı çevresel kirleticilerle bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymuştur..

  • Aragonit

  • nevberyit

  • safra taşı özellikleri

  • struvit

  • tıbbi jeoloji


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  • Kabakci Kurgun, D. , Yalcın, M. G. , Elpek, G. Ö. & Volfson, I. (2023). Physical, Chemical and Mineralogical Properties of Gallstones obtained from Antalya Province of Turkey . Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni , 66 (2) , 257-274 . DOI: 10.25288/tjb.1233117

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