Öz: Küçük Menderes Grabeni`nin batı ucunda yer alan ancak ondan sol yönlü doğrultu atımlı faylarla kesilip güneybatıya atılmış olan grabene bu çalışmada Selçuk Grabeni adı verilmiştir. Çünkü bu graben ana graben denileri evrelerde önemli farklılıklar geçirmiştir. Grabeni sınırlayan horstlarda metamorfik temel kayaları mostra vermektedir. Dolgusu ise Küçük Menderes Nehri`nin alüvyonundan oluşmaktadır. Selçuk Grabeni asimetrik birgrabendir. Güney kanat morfolojik nitelikleriyle belirgin ve aktif kenardır. Normal faylar bu kanatta birkaç fay basamağı halindedir. Kuzey kanat, aktif kenarı oluşturan kürek biçimli ana fayın tavan blokunda gelişmiş, antitetikfaylar olarak yorumlanabilir. Grabeni az çok uzanımına verev birçok doğrultu atımlı fay kesmiştir. Genç yapısal ögeler graben ve yakın çevrenin morfolojisindeki izleriyle tanınmaktadır. Batı Anadolu`nun morfotektonik gelişim süreci içinde Selçuk Grabeni en geç gelişen grabenlerdendir. Küçük Menderes Grabeni, üzerinde yer aldığı horstun, Kuvaterner`de önce yükselip daha sonra çökmesi döneminde açılmıştır. Bu dönemde Selçuk Grabeni ana grabenin batıdaki uzanımında yer almıştır. Daha sonra özellikle sahil bölgelerinin morfotektoniğini büyük ölçüde değiştiren KKB doğrultulu sol yönlü doğrultu atımlı faylar ve bunlarla eşzamanlı fay çiftlerinin gelişmesiyle Küçük Menderes Grabeni`nden ayrılarak güneybatı yönünde ötelenmiş ve Küçük Menderes`le olan doğrudan bağlantısı kopmuştur. Geç Kuvaterner`de gelişmiş olan bu evreden sonra gelişimini bağımsız bir graben olarak sürdürmektedir.
Batı Anadolu Grabenleri
Küçük Menderes Grabeni
Morfotektonik evrim
Selçuk Grabeni
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Öz: İstanbul-Zonguldak Tektonik Birliği, Avalonya-Karolina`nın en doğudaki parçası olarak kabul edilir ve Uzak Doğu Avalonya`yı temsil eder. Stratigrafisi ayrıca Üst Ediyakarandan Üst Karbonifere kadar kesintili sedimantasyon ile karakterize edilir. Bloğun İstanbul Birliği olarak bilinen batı kesiminde Gözdağ Formasyonu, Orta Ordovisiyen Alt Silüriyen yaşlı şeyl-kumtaşı kireçtaşından oluşan lagünel tortul kayaçlarla temsil edilmektedir. Burada, Gözdağ Formasyonu`nun Üst Ordovisiyen tabakalarındaki ince- ve kaba-taneli tüflerin ve lavların stratigrafik konumları ile petrografik ve jeokimyasal verilerini rapor ediyorum. İnce- ve kaba- taneli tüfler piroklastik, lavlar ise porfirik,vitrofirik ve afanitik dokuludur. Üst Ordovisiyen yaşlı volkanik kayaçların stratigrafik konumlarına göre, ince- vekaba-taneli tüfler Sandbiyen ve Katiyen, lavlar ise Hirnansiyen yaşlıdır. İnce-taneli tüfler yüksek potasyumlu kalkalkali, kaba-taneli tüfler ve lavlar kalk-alkali karaktere sahiptir. Fark edilebilir negatif Nb anomalilerinin varlığından anlaşıldığı gibi, bariz plaka içi bileşenlerden yoksundurlar ve yitim imzalarına sahiptirler. Literatürden elde edilen verilerle bağlantılı olarak, Sandbiyen ince-taneli tüfler Piedmont Birliği ile Lavrensiya arasında en erken geç Ordovisiyen`de oluşan Takonik orojenezinin son evresi sırasında çoklu pliniyen-tipi patlamaların bir sonucu olarak İstanbul-Zonguldak Tektonik Birliği`ndeki bir lagün alanında çökelmiştir. Katiyen kaba-taneli tüfler Avalonya ile Baltika arasında uzanan Teisseyre-Tornquist Okyanusu`nun tüketilmesinin son aşamasında yay ortamında meydana gelen volkanların ürünleridir. Hirnansiyen lavları ise Kaledoniyen öncesi orojenezi olarak bilinen Avalonya ve Baltika`nın yumuşak yanaşması sırasında İstanbul-Zonguldak Tektonik Birliği`nin bir lagün ortamında akarak oluşmuştur
Gözdağ Formasyonu
İstanbul-Zonguldak Tektonik Birliği
Ordovisiyen
Uzak Doğu Avalonya
Volkanik Kayaçlar
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Öz: Foça Çöküntüsü`nün batı kenarında yer alan Kösedere ve Mordoğan alt havzalarındaki orta Miyosen tortullaşması, egemen gölsel Hisarcık formasyonu ile temsil edilir. Hisarcık formasyonu, erken Miyosen sonunda bölgeye yerleşen kalkalkalen karakterli volkanitler (Karaburun volkanitleri ve Foça tüfü) üzerinde uyumsuzlukla yeralır. Orta Miyosen havzalarının sınır fayları boyunca yüzeyleyen Karaburun volkanitleri andezit bileşimlidir. Foça tüfü riyolitik ignimbiritlerle temsil edilir. Hisarcık formasyonunun havza kenarı alüviyal çökellerini temsil eden Kösedere üyesi, Kösedere alt havzasının sınır fayları önünde çökelmiştir. Gölsel kıyı yüzünde çökelmiş yeşil renkli kiltaşı-silttaşı topluluğundan oluşan Karabağları üyesi, yanal-düşey geçiş ilişkisiyle Kösedere üyesi üzerine gelir. Karabağları üyesinin Mordoğan alt havzasındaki yanal eşdeğeri kabul edilen Ardıç üyesi, çamur düzlüğü çökelimini yansıtan çamurtaşı-kumtaşı ardışık istifiyle simgelenir ve geç MN5 biyozonuna ait büyük memeli fosilleri kapsar. Hisarcık gölsel çökeliminin son dönemini yansıtan Mordoğan kireçtaşı üyesi, Karabağları ve Ardıç üyeleri üzerine geçişli gelir. Hisarcık formasyonu üzerine, MN10-11 biyozonlarına ait büyük memeli fosilleri kapsayan Esendere grubu çökelleri uyumsuzlukla gelir. Hisarcık formasyonu, Sakız Adası, Çeşme Yarımadası ve Foça Çöküntüsü`nde temsil edilir. Sakız Adasında Keramaria ve Nenita birimleri, Çeşme Yarımadasında Çiftlik formasyonu ve Foça Çöküntüsü`nde Aliağa kireçtaşı, Hisarcık formasyonu ile deneştirilebilir. Urla havzası ve İzmir Körfezi adalar topluluğunda yüzeyleyen Urla grubu çökelleri, Hisarcık formasyonunun eşdeğeridir.
Ardıç faunası
Karaburun Yarımadası
memeli paleontolojisi
Orta Miyosen tortullaşması
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Öz: Bu çalışma, Sumaki Höyük yerleşmesinin Neolitik evrelerinde kullanılmış olan öğütme taşı aletlerin kaynağını (kaynak kayasını) portatif Enerji Dağıtıcı X-ışını Floresans Spektrometresi (P-EDXRF) ve X-Işını Kırınım Spektrometresi (XRD) kullanarak belirlemesini amaçlamaktadır. Kalibre edilmiş C14 yaşı GÖ 9084±57 ile8123±50 yılları arası tarihlendirilen Sumaki Höyük, Batman ili sınırları içerisinde, Aşağı Garzan Havzası`ndayer almaktadır. Bu yerleşmede bulunan öğütme taşları, genellikle bazalttan yapılmakta olup az miktarda da olsa kireçtaşları da kullanılmıştır. Bazalttan yapılan öğütme taşlarının çoğu ikincil kullanım olarak mimari yapıların duvar örgülerinde kullanılmıştır. Diyarbakır Havzası`nın doğusunda yer alan Aşağı Garzan Havzası, batı güneybatıda Kıradağ ve güneyde Raman Dağı, kuzey-kuzeydoğuda Garzan Antiklinali ve Kentalan Antiklinali ile çevrilidir. Çalışma sahasındaki bazaltlar Kuvaterner`de akma şeklinde bulundukları bölgeye yerleşmişlerdir. Sumaki Höyük`ün Neolitik evreleri ile Kıradağı ile Karacadağ bazalt akıntıları alınan numunelerin kimyasal bileşimlerini karşılaştırmak amacıyla P-EDXRF, mineral bilişimlerini ortaya koymak ve karşılatırmak için de XRD analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bu analiz yöntemleri sonucuna göre Sumaki Höyük ve Kıradağı`ndan alınan örnekler birbiriyle iyi uyum göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla Neolitik dönem mimari yapı elamanı olarak kullanılan bazalt taşaletlerin Kıradağı bazaltlarından alındığı açık bir şekilde ortaya konmuştur.
Bazalt
jeoarkeoloji
Neolitik
Sumaki Höyük
Yukarı Mezopotamya
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Sarıaltun, S. , Aydın, M. & Avcıoğlu, M. (2023). Geochemical and Mineralogical Analyses of Basalt Fragments from the Neolithic Settlement of Sumaki Höyük (Batman, Turkey) to Determine the Source Area / Sumaki Höyük (Batman, Türkiye) Neolitik Yerleşiminde Kullanılan Bazalt Parçalarının Jeokimyasal ve Mineralojik Analizlerle Kaynak Alanının Belirlenmesi . Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni , 66 (3) , 381-402 . DOI: 10.25288/tjb.1310550
Öz: Doğal ve/veya jeolojik miras şehirlere değer katan ve kimlik kazandıran varlıklar olup giderek daha çok dikkat çekmekte ve korunmasına özen gösterilmektedir. Jeolojik miras, bulunduğu bölgenin jeolojik evrimini ve o evrimdekiçok önemli olayları temsil eder. Mevcut bilimsel veriler ışığında jeolojik mirasın belirlenmesi, envanterinin yapılması yerbilimcilerin, bunların tescili ve koruma önlemlerinin alınması, yerel kalkınma için kullanılması ise karar vericilerin sorumluluğundadır. Bu çalışmada, Jeolojik Mirası Koruma Derneği`nin (JEMİRKO) kayıtlarından yararlanılarak, Konya il merkezi ve ilçelerinde var olan jeolojik mirasın tanıtılması ve niteliklerinin tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma henüz başlangıç aşamasında olup zamanla daha da genişletilecektir. İncelemeler Konya`da, çoğunluğu uluslararası nitelikte 61 jeositin varlığını göstermektedir. Bunlara ilaveten 22 doğal miras ve 9 tescilli alan (milli park, tabiat parkı) bulunmakta olup bu potansiyel, bölge için eşsiz bir jeoturizm fırsatı sunmaktadır.
Doğal miras
jeolojik miras
jeosit
Konya
Toros Dağları
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Kazancı, N. & Gençoğlu Korkmaz, G. (2023). Konya İlinin Doğal Varlıkları ve Jeolojik Miras Potansiyeli / Natural Assets and Geological Heritage Potential of Konya Province . Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni , 66 (3) , 403-420 . DOI: 10.25288/tjb.1321896
Öz: Bu çalışmada 17 Ağustos 1999 (Mw 7,4) ve 12 Kasım 1999 (Mw 7,2) tarihlerinde meydana gelen depremler sebebiyle büyük ölçüde yıkıma uğrayan Adapazarı kent merkezinin, mevcut kentsel alanlar ve yeni gelişme alanlarının yer seçimi ile jeolojik ve jeomorfolojik yapının ilişkisinin ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır. Sakarya Nehri`nin taşıdığı alüvyon zemin yapısına sahip, yeraltı su seviyesinin oldukça yüksek olduğu Adapazarı Ovası`na kurulmuş olan Adapazarı kent merkezi; 17 Ağustos ve 12 Kasım 1999 depremlerinde meydana gelen sıvılaşmaya bağlı hasar oluşumunda, depremlerin etkilediği yerleşim alanları içerisinde ilk sırada yer almaktadır. 07.01.2010 tarihinde onaylanan Sakarya ili 1/100.000 ölçekli 2025 yılı Çevre Düzeni Planı kapsamında, Adapazarı kent merkezinin tamamını içine alan Merkez Planlama Bölgesi, çalışma alanı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Hava fotoğrafları,uydu görüntüleri, sayısal yükseklik modelleri ve kurumlardan elde edilen sayısal verilerin Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) kullanılarak üst üste getirilmiş; çalışma alanına ait jeolojik-jeomorfolojik yapı ve kent formu arasındaki ilişki ortaya koyulmuştur. Temel amacı jeolojik ve jeomorfolojik yapının, deprem sonrası kent dokusu üzerindeki etkisinin değerlendirilmesi olan bu çalışmada; kentsel gelişmeye etki eden jeolojik ve jeomorfolojik faktörler, Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP) yöntemiyle ağırlıklandırılarak; 1999 depremleri sonrası değişen kentsel dokuylaolan ilişkisi tartışılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda elde edilen sentez haritası ile kentsel dokunun çakıştırılmasısonucunda çalışma alanının %65`inin yerleşme için uygun olmayan yapıda olmasına rağmen yapılaşmanın devamettiği; 1999 depremleri sonrası mevcut kent merkezinin kuzeyinde yer seçen yeni gelişme alanlarının ise jeolojik ve jeomorfolojik açıdan yerleşime uygun yapıda olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
AHP
deprem
jeoloji
jeomorfoloji
kent morfolojisi
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Sakar, S. , Taga, H. & Zorlu, F. (2023). Jeolojik ve Jeomorfolojik Yapının 1999 Depremleri Sonrası Adapazarı Kent Dokusunun Oluşumundaki Etkisi / The Effect of Geological and Geomorphological Structure on the Formation of Adapazarı Urban Fabric after the 1999 Earthquakes . Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni , 66 (3) , 421-444 . DOI: 10.25288/tjb.1289115